I need 700 words report in company Analog Device to manufacturing power electronics

t was about a company Analog Device,

manufacturing power electronics 

make a report and follow the slides, everything is in the slides.

Thoren_Sonoma_Power_Trends-MTHOREN-L01.pdf

.........................................................................................................................................................................................

Attachment 1:

 
Outline  

► Application Spaces

 OFF topic:

 HV distribution

 Vehicle Powertrain

 ON topic

 Servers, compute farms

 Portable electronics

 Automotive accessories

► Bus to Core

 Hybrid solutions

 True Digital Control ► Telemetry

► Kilowatt Hot Swap

► Stuff You Can Use

 Practical Examples and Gotchas2 ► your company and the products briefly,

► the areas your company would be interested in,

► the skills your company would be looking for

► the projects your company would be interested in, and

► what a BS EE graduate needs to know to get a job at your company?

 
DELIVERING  

INNOVATION THAT

KEEPS OUR

CUSTOMERS

AHEAD OF

WHAT’S POSSIBLE

3

Analog Devices At A Glance   

4 1965

Norwood, MA

~15,000

20+

~45,000 SKUs

125,000

NASDAQ:ADI

Part of S&P 500 and NASDAQ 100

~45

  What We Do

► Design, manufacture, and market a broad portfolio of solutions that leverage high performance analog, mixed-signal, and digital signal processing technology, including integrated circuits (ICs), algorithms, software, and subsystems.

DC/DC Conversion is a Big Market 

►How many DC/DCs do you own?

 Smart Phone ~12

 Laptop ~16 (there are four in my house)

 Flat Panel TV ~10

 Miscellaneous >100

 WiFi routers, modems, set top box, disk drives, audio, appliances, . . .

 Car (2006) ~40

 Car (2014) maybe 100?

►>250 total

 Probably an underestimate  Try this at a cocktail party6

Power Applications 

Pre-Silicon Switching Regulator History 

 8   

Post-Silicon Switching Regulator History 

► SG1524 (1976): Voltage mode controller

► UC1846 (1980): Current mode controller

► LT1070 (1986): Integrated NPN switch

► LM1575: Fixed output buck

► LTC3440: First true monolithic buck/boost

► http://www.ridleyengineering.com/images/current_mode _book/CurrentModeControl.pdf

 
Extreme Energy Consumption: Bitcoin Mining 

► https://www.vox.com/2019/6/18/18642645/bitcoin-energy-price-renewable-china

► Not to pick on Bitcoin… if not Bitcoin, it would be something else (search, video streaming, data mining, etc.)

 10

Powering Data Centers 

► FPGAs and ASICs take tremendous amounts of power – hundreds of amps at voltages as low as 0.7V, with extremely tight noise and accuracy requirements.

► All of those “LT” chips are power modules, occupying as much board area as the FPGA itself!

► Boards like this heading toward 48V, hotswappable…a challenge by itself!

11

 
Solution: Electrical model of MOSFET SOA 9634480 

 
Telemetry and Logging  

 
We got 48V into the board, now what? 

► Traditional architecture: 48V (really,

36V to 72V) first converterd to 5V –

12V, followed by PoL

► Trend is toward “48V to Core”

► Hybrid architecture (fixed ratio switched cap, followed by buck) allows higher buck switching frequency, optimization of size vs. efficiency.

► Switched cap stage: 4000W/in3, 99% efficiency

Further Reading: WP011 (Look up

LTC7821)

 15

48V to 1V @ 50A 

► “Multidisciplinary” is an understatement:

 Silicon Design: Analog, Digital, Mix Sig

 Circuit Design

 Thermal Design

 Packaging

 Embedded Drivers

 Configuration GUI software

16

(almost) no systems have a single supply… 

 
Digitally Managed Power: Sequencing, Margining 

 
Analog vs. Digitally Managed vs. Digital (really, mixed signal ) 

► Draw a distinction between “digital power” and “digitally managed power”

 19

Harvesting 

20 

Powering Wearables and “Ingestibles”

 
Medical Device Charging 

► LTC4126 – teeny, tiny power management for hearing aids.

 22

LTspice – What’s the point? 

► Is it a “Sanity Check”? (No, see a therapist.)

► “That is how you verify the design” (No, you do that on the bench)

► So what is the point?

“The point of simulation is so you understand your circuit better…To develop intuition… There is no way to understate the value of cultivating intuition about how your circuit works.”

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x6TrbD7-IwU

 23

Linear Regulators 

► 1967: Debate about whether it is even possible to make a monolithic voltage regulator – temperature gradients, reliability, etc.

► Bob Widlar settles the matter by writing a letter to several magazines which stated that it was simply impossible to produce this design, with plenty of facts and figures to justify killing the effort.

► 2 months later, Bob releases the hugely profitable LM109, with all of the features he said were impossible in his letter. Widlar pulled a fast one on the industry and profited greatly.

 
LDO regulators: Making Switchers Look Good! 

 25

LT3042: “Silicon Ferrite Bead”, with precision reference noise levels 

Whisper quiet: Power VCOs, radio circuitry.

(For comparison: LM317@3.3V

 26

Story Time: DC3390 Rev 4  

 
Power Management for PLLs 

► https://www.analog.com/en/analog-dialogue/articles/power-management-design-for-plls.html

► Power supply can be the limiting factor in radio performance

► A VCO has TWO tuning pins! Vtune, and the power supply, which can have as much as 20% of the effect of Vtune

► In article example, LDO noise <11.2 nV/√Hz at 100-kHz required – this is pretty quiet!

 
ADF4350 phase noise comparison at 4.4 GHz when powered with pairs of ADP3334 and ADP150 LDOs—and AA batteries. 

28

LDO regulators: Going further 

Don’t we have enough linear regulators to choose from? Apparently not:

LT3080 – first “parallelable” linear regulator

LT3042 – ULTRA low noise for powering comms circuits, VCOs, PLLs

LT3081 – constant voltage / constant current “lab supply in one chip” LT3011 – up to 80V input, 46uA supply current

 29

Never build test equipment… except for power supplies 

► HDBPS = Hard Drive Box Power Supply

► Condor, Power One, Lambda power supplies are cheap on the secondary market ► You always know what to expect.

 30

Careers and Skill Sets 

► IC Design engineer (“Chips”)

 Usually requires master’s or Ph.D

 Solid State Design Classes

 Long attention span helps

► IC Application Engineer (“Boards”)

 BS required, Master’s extremely helpful

 Short attention span not a show stopper 

► Systems engineer (“Boxes”)

 Traditionally not ADI’s focus, but changing as we become a “solutions” company, where a “solution” may include several ICs, Power, Software, Sensors, etc.

 M2K example

 31

University Program 

► Courseware

 Engineering Discovery

 12 labs with Accompanying Videos

 Active Learning Module Lab Activities, Circuits I & II

 26 Step-by-Step Labs

 Active Learning Module Lab Activities, Electronics I & II

 42 Step-by-Step Labs

► Instructional Videos

► “Virtual Classroom” EngineerZone Community

 Help and Guide Students in their Learning Experience  Includes:

 Blog Posts from ADI Staff

 Document Sharing

 Discussion

 Questions

32

Learning Power Labs 

 
Outline  

► Application Spaces

 OFF topic:

 HV distribution

 Vehicle Powertrain

 ON topic

 Servers, compute farms

 Portable electronics

 Automotive accessories

► Bus to Core

 Hybrid solutions

 True Digital Control ► Telemetry

► Kilowatt Hot Swap

► Stuff You Can Use

 Practical Examples and Gotchas2 ► your company and the products briefly,

► the areas your company would be interested in,

► the skills your company would be looking for

► the projects your company would be interested in, and

► what a BS EE graduate needs to know to get a job at your company?

 
DELIVERING  

INNOVATION THAT

KEEPS OUR

CUSTOMERS

AHEAD OF

WHAT’S POSSIBLE

3

Analog Devices At A Glance   

 
4 1965 

Norwood, MA

~15,000

20+

~45,000 SKUs

125,000

NASDAQ:ADI

Part of S&P 500 and NASDAQ 100

~45

  What We Do

► Design, manufacture, and market a broad portfolio of solutions that leverage high performance analog, mixed-signal, and digital signal processing technology, including integrated circuits (ICs), algorithms, software, and subsystems.

 
DC/DC Conversion is a Big Market 

►How many DC/DCs do you own?

 Smart Phone ~12

 Laptop ~16 (there are four in my house)

 Flat Panel TV ~10

 Miscellaneous >100

 WiFi routers, modems, set top box, disk drives, audio, appliances, . . .

 Car (2006) ~40

 Car (2014) maybe 100?

►>250 total

 Probably an underestimate  Try this at a cocktail party6

Power Applications 

 
Pre-Silicon Switching Regulator History 

  8   

Post-Silicon Switching Regulator History 

► SG1524 (1976): Voltage mode controller

► UC1846 (1980): Current mode controller

► LT1070 (1986): Integrated NPN switch

► LM1575: Fixed output buck

► LTC3440: First true monolithic buck/boost

► http://www.ridleyengineering.com/images/current_mode _book/CurrentModeControl.pdf

 
Extreme Energy Consumption: Bitcoin Mining 

► https://www.vox.com/2019/6/18/18642645/bitcoin-energy-price-renewable-china

► Not to pick on Bitcoin… if not Bitcoin, it would be something else (search, video streaming, data mining, etc.)

 10

Powering Data Centers 

► FPGAs and ASICs take tremendous amounts of power – hundreds of amps at voltages as low as 0.7V, with extremely tight noise and accuracy requirements.

► All of those “LT” chips are power modules, occupying as much board area as the FPGA itself!

► Boards like this heading toward 48V, hotswappable…a challenge by itself!

11

 
Solution: Electrical model of MOSFET SOA 9634480 

 
Telemetry and Logging  

 
We got 48V into the board, now what? 

► Traditional architecture: 48V (really,

36V to 72V) first converterd to 5V –

12V, followed by PoL

► Trend is toward “48V to Core”

► Hybrid architecture (fixed ratio switched cap, followed by buck) allows higher buck switching frequency, optimization of size vs. efficiency.

► Switched cap stage: 4000W/in3, 99% efficiency

Further Reading: WP011 (Look up

LTC7821)

 15

48V to 1V @ 50A 

► “Multidisciplinary” is an understatement:

 Silicon Design: Analog, Digital, Mix Sig

 Circuit Design

 Thermal Design

 Packaging

 Embedded Drivers

 Configuration GUI software

16

(almost) no systems have a single supply… 

Digitally Managed Power: Sequencing, Margining

 
Analog vs. Digitally Managed vs. Digital (really, mixed signal ) 

► Draw a distinction between “digital power” and “digitally managed power”

 19

Energy Harvesting 

  20   

Powering Wearables and “Ingestibles” 

Medical Device Charging 

► LTC4126 – teeny, tiny power management for hearing aids.

 22

LTspice – What’s the point? 

► Is it a “Sanity Check”? (No, see a therapist.)

► “That is how you verify the design” (No, you do that on the bench)

► So what is the point?

“The point of simulation is so you understand your circuit better…To develop intuition… There is no way to understate the value of cultivating intuition about how your circuit works.”

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x6TrbD7-IwU

 23

Linear Regulators 

► 1967: Debate about whether it is even possible to make a monolithic voltage regulator – temperature gradients, reliability, etc.

► Bob Widlar settles the matter by writing a letter to several magazines which stated that it was simply impossible to produce this design, with plenty of facts and figures to justify killing the effort.

► 2 months later, Bob releases the hugely profitable LM109, with all of the features he said were impossible in his letter. Widlar pulled a fast one on the industry and profited greatly.

 
LDO regulators: Making Switchers Look Good! 

 25

LT3042: “Silicon Ferrite Bead”, with precision reference noise levels 

Whisper quiet: Power VCOs, radio circuitry.

(For comparison: LM317@3.3V

 26

Story Time: DC3390 Rev 4  

 
Power Management for PLLs 

► https://www.analog.com/en/analog-dialogue/articles/power-management-design-for-plls.html

► Power supply can be the limiting factor in radio performance

► A VCO has TWO tuning pins! Vtune, and the power supply, which can have as much as 20% of the effect of Vtune

► In article example, LDO noise <11.2 nV/√Hz at 100-kHz required – this is pretty quiet!

 
ADF4350 phase noise comparison at 4.4 GHz when powered with pairs of ADP3334 and ADP150 LDOs—and AA batteries. 

28

LDO regulators: Going further 

Don’t we have enough linear regulators to choose from? Apparently not:

LT3080 – first “parallelable” linear regulator

LT3042 – ULTRA low noise for powering comms circuits, VCOs, PLLs

LT3081 – constant voltage / constant current “lab supply in one chip” LT3011 – up to 80V input, 46uA supply current

 29

Never build test equipment… except for power supplies
► HDBPS = Hard Drive Box Power Supply 

► Condor, Power One, Lambda power supplies are cheap on the secondary market ► You always know what to expect.

 30

Careers and Skill Sets 

► IC Design engineer (“Chips”)

 Usually requires master’s or Ph.D

 Solid State Design Classes

 Long attention span helps

► IC Application Engineer (“Boards”)

 BS required, Master’s extremely helpful

 Short attention span not a show stopper 

► Systems engineer (“Boxes”)

 Traditionally not ADI’s focus, but changing as we become a “solutions” company, where a “solution” may include several ICs, Power, Software, Sensors, etc.

 M2K example

 31

University Program 

► Courseware

 Engineering Discovery

 12 labs with Accompanying Videos

 Active Learning Module Lab Activities, Circuits I & II

 26 Step-by-Step Labs

 Active Learning Module Lab Activities, Electronics I & II

 42 Step-by-Step Labs

► Instructional Videos

► “Virtual Classroom” EngineerZone Community

 Help and Guide Students in their Learning Experience  Includes:

 Blog Posts from ADI Staff

 Document Sharing

 Discussion

 Questions

32

Active Learning Power Labs