In the scientific name enterobacter aerogenes enterobacter is the

Microbiology

Evaluation 2

1) A genus is

A) composed of one or more families of organisms.

B) composed of one or more species of organisms.

C) a subdivision of a species of organism.

D) composed of one or more classes of organisms.

E) the most specific taxonomic level.

2) The classification of an organism into the Domain Bacteria is based on

A) cell morphology.

B) Gram reaction.

C) rRNA sequences.

D) habitat.

E) diseases.

3) In the scientific name Enterobacter aerogenes, Enterobacter is the

A) specific epithet.

B) genus.

C) family.

D) order.

E) kingdom.

9) What is true of a nucleotide?

A) It is a subunit of nucleic acids.

B) It consists of a five-carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and a base.

C) It is a subunit of DNA.

D) It is a subunit of RNA.

E) All the answers are true.

13) Which of the following statements is FALSE?

A) DNA polymerase adds nucleotides to the growing DNA strand in one direction (5' to 3') only.

B) The leading strand of DNA is synthesized continuously.

C) The lagging strand of DNA is synthesized discontinuously.

D) DNA replication can only proceed in one direction around the bacterial chromosome.

E) More than one replication fork is possible on a bacterial chromosome.

15) Which of the following is the name of the RNA that carries coded information from DNA to ribosomes?

A) dRNA

B) mRNA

C) pRNA

D) rRNA

E) tRNA

16) What is true of gene expression?

A) All genes are expressed at a fixed rate that is preset by the cell’s DNA.

B) Some gene expression needs to be turned on by a repressor.

C) Regulation of gene expression occurs pre-translation.

D) Gene expression cannot be regulated.

E) Methylated nucleotides turn genes “off” and this can be passed on to offspring.

Table 8.1

Culture 1: F+

Culture 2: F-

17) In Table 8.1, what will be the result of conjugation between cultures 1 and 2?

A) 1 will remain the same; 2 will become F+

B) 1 will become F-; 2 will become F+

C) 1 will become F-; 2 will remain the same

D) Both cultures will remain the same.

18) Transformation is the transfer of DNA from a donor to a recipient cell

A) by a bacteriophage.

B) as naked DNA in solution.

C) by cell-to-cell contact.

D) by crossing over.

E) by sexual reproduction.

20) A mutagen that incorporates itself into the DNA strand in place of a normal base is

A) ionizing radiation.

B) UV radiation.

C) nitrous acid.

D) nucleoside analogs.

E) spontaneous mutations.

21) Which of the following statements regarding a bacterium that is F+ is false?

A) It possesses a plasmid.

B) F+ can be transferred to another cell.

C) It may resistant to certain drugs or heavy metals.

D) It is Hfr.

22) The initial/first effect of ionizing radiation on a cell is that it causes

A) the cell wall to break.

B) bonding between adjacent thymine bases.

C) base substitutions.

D) the formation of highly reactive ions within a cell.

E) the cell to get hot.

Figure 8.2

24) In Figure 8.2, if base 4 is adenine, what is base 11' (remember the complimentary configuration of bases in DNA)?

A) adenine

B) thymine

C) cytosine

D) guanine

E) uracil

Table 8.2

Codons in mRNA and their corresponding amino acids

UUU

phenylalanine

UAU

tyrosine

UUA

leucine

UAA

nonsense

GCA

alanine

AAU

asparagine

AAG

lysine

UGC

cysteine

GUU

valine

UCG, UCU

serine

27) Refer to Table 8.2 The anticodon for valine is

A) GUU.

B) CUU.

C) CTT.

D) CAA.

E) GTA.

28) Refer to Table 8.2. Identify the sequence of amino acids encoded by the following sequence of bases in a strand of DNA: ATTACGCTTTGC

A) leucine-arginine-lysine-alanine

B) asparagine-arginine-lysine-alanine

C) asparagine-cysteine-valine-serine

D) Translation would stop at the first codon.

E) The answer cannot be determined based on the information provided.

29) Refer to Table 8.2. When amino acid sequences from a cell cycle control protein from a patient with cancer and a healthy person are aligned, the sequence from the cancer patient indicates one amino acid has changed from phenylalanine (Phe) to leucine (Leu). A mutation in the cancer patient's DNA must have taken place. Identify the result of this DNA change in the mRNA codon that led to this change in the protein sequence.

A) UUU altered to UCU

B) UUU altered to UAU

C) UCU altered to UUA

D) CAA altered to UUU

E) UUU altered to UUA

30) Conjugation differs from reproduction because during conjugation

A) DNA is replicated.

B) DNA is transferred vertically.

C) DNA is transferred horizontally.

D) DNA is transcribed into RNA.

E) RNA is copied to make DNA.

32) An enzyme that joins the fragments in the lagging strand of DNA being replicated is

A) RNA polymerase.

B) DNA ligase

C) DNA helicase.

D) transposase.

E) none of the above, since DNA fragments cannot be joined.

33) An enzyme that copies DNA to make a complementary strand of RNA is

A) RNA polymerase.

B) DNA ligase.

C) DNA helicase.

D) transposase.

E) DNA polymerase.

34) When ultraviolet light reaches DNA, it can cause a specific type of damage. How is this damage best described?

A) Thymine bases on the opposing DNA strands are covalently linked together to form a thymine dimer.

B) Thymine bases that are next to each other one strand of DNA are covalently linked together to form a thymine dimer.

C) Adenine and thymine bases on opposing DNA strands are linked together by hydrogen bonds.

D) Adenine and thymine bases on opposing DNA strands are covalently linked together to form an AT dimer.

36) When the same gene from two different people is sequenced and aligned, it is discovered that there are multiple sequence differences in the template DNA. However, the proteins formed by the genes have the same amino acids sequence. What is the most likely explanation for this observation?

A) The amino acids were corrected in the protein after translation.

B) The mutations were at locations where they did not affect the protein sequence.

C) The mutations were repaired in the mRNA after transcription, but before translation.

D) Mutations in DNA are not reflected in proteins produced.

E) RNA processing removes incorrect segments from the mRNA of each person prior to translation.

37) Transduction requires a(n) _________________ to move DNA from one bacterial cell to another.

A) bacteriophage

B) naked DNA molecule

C) F plasmid

D) transposase enzyme

38) Generalized transduction occurs when a bacteriophage inadvertently packages the wrong material into one of its newly formed protein coats. While the exact segment of this material may vary, it is always:

A) protein.

B) mRNA.

C) DNA.

D) tRNA.

E) rRNA.

39) Hfr cells result when

A) an F factor is inserted into the chromosome.

B) an F factor is present in the cell on a plasmid.

C) when the cell is reproducing at a high frequency.

D) once the cell conjugates with another cell.

E) when transcription occurs at a high frequency.

40) If generalized transduction is underway, what is the likely outcome?

A) Insertion of the viral DNA into the infected cell DNA.

B) The virus particle formed in the transduction process is not able to infect a new bacterial cell.

C) A new bacterial cell infected by that transducing bacteriophage will acquire new DNA, carried by the phage from the original infected cell.

D) The infected bacterial cell will recover and survive, since the packaging of non-bacteriophage DNA into the protein coat produces nonfunctional virus particles.

41) Gene segments that can move from one chromosome to another are called

A) sex pili.

B) plasmids.

C) viruses.

D) transposons.

E) RNA.

43) T/F: Both base substitution and frameshift mutations can result in the formation of premature stop codons.

44) T/F: Cell-to-cell contact is required for transduction to occur.

45) Which of the following chemical agents is used for sterilization?

A) alcohol

B) phenolics

C) ethylene oxide

D) chlorine

E) aldehydes

47) Which of the following is an example of an essential oil that can inhibit microbial growth?

A) eucalyptus.

B) frankincense.

C) patchouli.

D) peppermint.

E) lavender.

49) During the process to create a protein product, the amino acids are joined by

A) covalent bonds.

B) peptide bonds.

C) hydrogen bonds.

D) A and B

E) B and C

50) Using the above chart, with is the amino acid sequence if the mRNA code is AUGCUUGCAUAA?

A) Tyr-Glu-Arg-Ile

B) STOP-Ser-Arg-Ile

C) Ser-Leu-Ala-Ile

D) Met-Leu-Ala-STOP

E) cannot be determined with the information given.