Indian education sherman alexie rhetorical analysis

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SHERMAN ALEXIE

INDIAN EDUCATION

Sherman Alexie, the son of a Coeur d’Alene Indian father and a Spokane Indian Mother, was born in 1966 and

grew up on the Spokane Reservation in Wellpinit, Washington, home to some 1,100 Spokane tribal members.

A precocious child who endured much teasing from his fellow classmates on the reservation and who realized as

a teenager that his educational opportunities there were extremely limited, Alexie made the unusual decision to

attend high school off the reservation in nearby Reardon. While in college, he began publishing poetry; within a

year of graduation, his first collection, The Business of Fancy dancing (1992), appeared. This was followed by

The Lone Ranger and Tonto Fistfight in Heaven (1993), a short story collection, and the novels Reservation

Blues (1995) and Indian Killer (1996), all of which have garnered numerous awards and honors. Alexie also

wrote the screenplay for the highly acclaimed film Smoke Signals.

First Grade

My hair was too short and my U.S. Government glasses were horn-rimmed, ugly, and all that first

winter in school, the other Indian boys chased me from one corner of the playground to the other. They

pushed me down, buried me in the snow until I couldn’t breathe, thought I’d never breathe again.

They stole my glasses and threw them over my head, around my outstretched hands, just beyond my

reach, until someone tripped me and sent me falling again, facedown in the snow.

I was always falling down; my Indian name was Junior Falls Down. Sometimes it was Bloody Nose or

Steal-His-Lunch. Once it was Cries-Like-a-White-Boy, even though none of us had seen a white boy cry.

Then it was Friday morning recess and Frenchy SiJohn threw snowballs at me while the rest of

the Indian boys tortured some other top-yogh-yaught kid, another weakling. But Frenchy was confident

enough to torment me all by himself, and most days I would have let him.

But the little warrior in me roared to life that day and knocked Frenchy to the ground, held his

head against the snow, and punched him so hard the my knuckles and the snow make symmetrical bruises

on his face. He almost looked like he was wearing war paint.

But he wasn’t the warrior. I was. And I chanted It’s a good day to die, it’s a good day to die, all the

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way down to the principle’s office.

Second Grade

Betty Towle, missionary teacher, redheaded and so ugly that no one ever had a puppy crush on

her, made me stay in for recess fourteen days straight.

“Tell me you’re sorry,” she said.

“Sorry for what?” I asked.

“Everything,” she said and made me stand straight for fifteen minutes, eagle-armed with

books in each hand. One was a math book; the other was English. But all I learned was that gravity

can be painful.

For Halloween I drew a picture of her riding a broom with a scrawny cat on the back. She said

that her God would never forgive me for that.

Once, she gave the class a spelling test but set me aside and gave me a test designed for junior

high students. When I spelled all the words right, she crumpled up the paper and made me eat it.

“You’ll learn respect,” she said.

She sent a letter home with me that told my parents to either cut my braids or keep me home

from class. My parents came in the next day and dragged their braids across Betty Towle’s desk.

“Indians, indians, indians.” She said it without capitalization. She called me “indian, indi-

an, indian.”

And I said, Yes I am, I am Indian. Indian, I am.

Third Grade

My traditional Native American art career began and ended with my very first portrait: Stick

Indian Taking a Piss in My Backyard.

As I circulated the original print around the classroom, Mrs. Schluter intercepted and confis-

cated my art.

Censorship, I might cry now. Freedom of expression, I would write in editorials to the tribal

newspaper.

In the third grade, though, I stood alone in the corner, faced the wall, and waited for the pun-

ishment to end.

I’m still waiting.

Fourth Grade

“You should be a doctor when you grow up,” Mr. Schluter told me, even though his wife, the

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third grade teacher, thought I was crazy beyond my years. My eyes always looked like I had just hit-

and-run someone.

“Guilty,” she said. “You always look guilty.”

“Why should I be a doctor?” I asked Mr. Schluter.

“So you can come back and help the tribe. So you can heal people.”

That was the year my father drank a gallon of vodka a day and the same year that my mother

started two hundred quilts but never finished any. They sat in separate, dark places in our HUD house

and wept savagely.

I ran home after school, heard their Indian tears, and looked in the mirror. Doctor Victor, I

called myself, invented and education, talked to my reflection. Doctor Victor to the emergency room.

Fifth Grade

I picked up a basketball for the first time and made my first shot. No. I missed my first shot,

missed the basket completely, and the ball landed in the dirt and sawdust, sat there just like I had sat

there only minutes before.

But it felt good, that ball in my hands, all those possibilities and angles. It was mathematics,

geometry. It was beautiful.

At that same moment, my cousin Steven Ford sniffed rubber cement from a paper bag and

leaned back on the merry-go-round. His ears rang, his mouth was dry, and everyone seemed so

far away.

But it felt good, that buzz in his head, all those colors and noises. It was chemistry, biology. It

was beautiful.

Oh, do you remember those sweet, almost innocent choices that the Indian boys were forced

to make?

Sixth Grade

Randy, the new Indian kid from the white town of Springdale, got into a fight an hour after he

first walked into the reservation school.

Stevie Flett called him out, called him a squaw man, called him a pussy, and called him a punk.

Randy and Stevie, and the rest of the Indian boys, walked out into the playground.

“Throw the first punch,” Stevie said as they squared off.

“No,” Randy said.

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“Throw the first punch,” Stevie said again.

“No,” Randy said again.

“Throw the first punch!” Stevie said for the third time, and Randy reared back and pitched a

knuckle fastball that broke Stevie’s nose.

We all stood there in silence, in awe.

That was Randy, my soon-to-be first and best friend, who taught me the most valuable lesson

about living in the white world: Always throw the first punch.

Seventh Grade

I leaned through the basement window of the HUD house and kissed the white girl who would

later be raped by her foster-parent father, who was also white. They both lived on the reservation,

though, and when the headlines and stories filled the papers later, not one word was made of their color.

Just Indians being Indians, someone must have said somewhere and they were wrong.

But on the day I leaned out through the basement window of the HUD house and kissed the

white girl, I felt the good-byes I was saying to my entire tribe. I held my lips tight against her lips, a

dry, clumsy, and ultimately stupid kiss.

But I was saying good-bye to my tribe, to all the Indian girls and women I might have loved, to

all the Indian men who might have called me cousin, even brother,

I kissed that white girl and when I opened my eyes, I was gone from the reservation, living in a

farm town where a beautiful white girl asked my name.

“Junior Polatkin,” I said, and she laughed.

After that, no one spoke to me for another five hundred years.

Eighth Grade

At the farm town junior high, in the boys’ bathroom, I could hear voices from the girls’ bath-

room, nervous whispers of anorexia and bulimia. I could hear the white girls’ forced vomiting, a sound

so familiar and natural to me after years of listening to my father’s hangovers.

“Give me your lunch if you’re just going to throw it up,” I said to one of those girls once.

I sat back and watched them grow skinny from self pity.

Back on the reservation, my mother stood in line to get us commodities. We carried them

home, happy to have food, and opened the canned beef that even the dogs wouldn’t eat.

But we ate it day after day and grew skinny from self pity.

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There is more than one way to starve.

Ninth Grade

At the farm town high school dance, after a basketball game in an overheated gym where I had

scored twenty-seven points and pulled down thirteen rebounds, I passed out during a slow song.

As my white friends revived me and prepared to take me to the emergency room where doctors

would later diagnose my diabetes, the Chicano teacher ran up to us.

“Hey,” he said. “What’s that boy been drinking? I know all about these Indian kids. They start

drinking real young.”

Sharing dark skin doesn’t necessarily make two men brothers.

Tenth Grade

I passed the written test easily and nearly flunked the driving, but still received my Washington

State driver’s license on the same day that Wally Jim killed himself by driving his car into a pine tree.

No traces of alcohol in his blood, good job, wife and two kids.

“Why’d he do it?” asked a white Washington State trooper.

All the Indians shrugged their shoulders, looked down at the ground.

“Don’t know,” we all said, but when we look in the mirror, see the history of our tribe in our

eyes, taste failure in the tap water, and shake with old tears, we understand completely.

Believe me, everything looks like a noose if you stare at it long enough.

Eleventh Grade

Last night I missed two free throws which would have won the game against the best team in

the state. The farm town high school I played for is nicknamed the “Indians,” and I’m probably the

only actual Indian ever to play for a team with such a mascot.

This morning I pick up the sports page and read the headline: INDIANS LOSE AGAIN.

Go ahead and tell me none of this is supposed to hurt me very much.

Twelfth Grade

I walk down the aisle, valedictorian of this farm town high school, and my cap doesn’t fit be-

cause I’ve grown my hair longer than it’s ever been. Later, I stand as the school-board chairman recites

my awards and accomplishments, and scholarships.

I try to remain stoic for the photographers as I look toward the future.

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Back home on the reservation, my former classmates graduate: a few can’t read, one or two

are just given attendance diplomas, most look forward to the parties, The bright students are shaken,

frightened, because they don’t know what comes next.

They smile for the photographer as they look back toward tradition. The tribal newspaper runs

my photograph and the photograph of my former classmates side by side.

Postscript: Class Reunion

Victor said, “Why should we organize a reservation high school reunion? My graduating class

has a reunion every weekend at the Powwow Tavern.”

Author: Sherman Alexie; Article Title: Indian Education; Source Title: The Lone Ranger and

Tonto Fistfight in Heaven; Publication Date: 1993; City of Publication: New York, NY; Publisher:

Atlantic Monthly Press; Pages: 171-180; URL: http://www.cengage.com/custom/static_content/

OLC/s76656_76218lf/alexie.pdf.