Intercultural communication stumbling blocks summary

Summary

1. Read over the handout titled "Academic Summaries," posted below this assignment.

2. Type a 1st draft of a summary for each of the following sections of the reading "Intercultural Communication Stumbling Blocks."

Language, paragraphs 11-12
Non-Verbal Signs and Symbols, paragraphs 13-15.

This means you will do 2 separate first drafts , using the guidelines in the "Academic Summaries..." doc.
Type your name, and the name of the stumbling block at the top of the summaries. Type both summaries on one page. Double space.

ACADEMIC SUMMARIES

Writing a summary can be a useful reading and writing tool which can show you (and your teacher) how well you understood a particular reading. They can also be a short, concise reference that you can come back to at a later date, to review important ideas or when you’re ready to begin writing an essay on a similar topic.

Because of this, we will practice summary writing throughout the semester. Follow these helpful tips (below).

TIPS:
1. Identify the source immediately: author and title + use reporting language

Example: In “Our Egalitarian Eden,” by Elizabeth Pennisi, the author informs readers about…

2. State the main idea (MI) in the first sentence of your summary.

3. Include the most important supporting details ONLY in order to help a reader who hasn’t read the article have a clear idea of the writer’s point and the evidence the writer has given to prove the main idea.

4. End with a clear, concluding sentence which summarizes and comes back to the main idea of the article

5. Use reporting language throughout the summary

6. Use your own words (don’t quote)

7. Include only the author’s ideas (not your own opinion)

8. Be sure to check your grammar (NOTE: Reporting verbs should be written in the simple present tense)

9. Be concise; an effective summary can GENERALLY be written in 1-2 paragraphs or less.

SUMMARY CHECKLIST
 Has the writer accurately included the author’s name, title and MI in the first sentence of the summary?

 Has the writer only included the MOST IMPORTANT supporting ideas in the summary?

 Has the writer included a concluding sentence?

 Has the writer used reporting language and correct grammar throughout the summary?

 Has the writer used their own words and not included their opinion?

Reporting Verbs and Signal phrases:

Use the following verbs to introduce and discuss the ideas you want to integrate into your own writing.

1. VERBS THAT INTRODUCE A QUOTATION OR PARAPHRASE INFORMATION

· In his/her article “ .” [the author] reports on + noun phrase

examines + noun phrase proposes + noun phrase discusses + noun phrase

points out + noun phrase or noun clause

states + noun clause

says + noun clause

explains that / how/ why + noun clause

discusses + noun phrase or + how/why + noun clause

concludes that + noun phrase

2. VERBS THAT TELL THE READER THE SOURCE IS PRESENTING AN OPINION FOLLOWED BY REASONING
argues that + noun clause believes that + noun clause maintains that + noun clause

3. VERBS THAT TELL THE READER THAT THE SOURCE IS GIVING AN OPINION OR PRESENTING A FACT THAT COULD BE DISPUTED
asserts that + noun clause

claims that + noun clause

4. VERBS THAT EXPRESS AGREEMENT OR DISAGREEMENT AMONG SOURCES
disputes + noun phrase

ex: She disputed his assertion.

disagrees that + noun clause

disagrees, pointing out that + noun clause

acknowledges that + noun clause

agrees that + noun clause

agrees, adding + noun clause

** If you use the reporting signal “According to , this must be followed by a complete clause Ex: According to Pennisi, [societies have lived cooperatively for most of human history]; it is only recently that life has become competitive and oriented to the individual.