International patient safety goals 2017

infection control and prevention

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Outlines

This presentation will outline the following:

Health law by Ministry of Health (MOH) addressing infection control and prevention.

Infection control and prevention policies.

Infection control and prevention as a established policy.

Internal policies.

Importance of this law.

Assessment of compliance to this regulation.

Risk management in view of this regulation.

Conclusion.

This presentation will outline the following

Health law by Ministry of Health (MOH) addressing infection control and prevention, Infection control and prevention policies, safe disposal of sharps as internal policy, importance of this law, assessment of compliance to this regulation and risk management in view of this regulation.

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Health Law by MOH

Health law by MOH addresses the importance of infection control and prevention in accordance to Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) guidelines and Center of Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) (MOH, 2013; MOH, 2002)

It emphasizes the need of reducing the risk of healthcare associated infections as one of the most important International Patient Safety Goals (IPSGs) according to Joint Commission International (JCI) (MOH, 2013)

It addresses the MOH’s efforts to provide healthcare services, healthcare education and promotion to maintain safety and protection for all (MOH, 2002).

Health law by MOH addresses the importance of infection control and prevention in accordance to Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) guidelines and Center of Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) (MOH, 2013; MOH, 2002). It addresses the MOH’s efforts to provide healthcare services, healthcare education and promotion to maintain safety and protection for all (MOH, 2002). MOH emphasizes the need of reducing the risk of healthcare associated infections as one of the most important International Patient Safety Goals (IPSGs) according to Joint Commission International (JCI) (MOH, 2013).

MOH ensures and supervises all healthcare settings within the country to apply infection control and prevention practices as required and in accordance to CDC guidelines and JCI recommendations (MOH, 2013). It focuses on the need of infection control policies in any healthcare setting for better compliance and safety (Soule, Memish & Malani, 2012; Memish, 2002).

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Infection Control and Prevention Policies

Infection control policies mandated by health law of MOH and in accordance to GCC guidelines address better ways to:

Manage specific patient populations.

Ensure standards in healthcare delivery (MOH, 2013).

http://ngha.med.sa/English/GCC/Pages/default.aspx

Infection control and prevention policies mandated by health law of MOH and in accordance to GCC address better ways to manage specific patient populations, detect significant microorganisms or transmission risks that impact health and ensure safe and high standards in healthcare delivery (MOH, 2013). Also, to ensure correct and clear procedures of Hand Hygiene techniques, aseptic techniques, waste management, cough etiquette and employee health (MOH, 2013). These policies need to be established and implemented correctly and accordingly in each healthcare facility in Saudi Arabia to yield a healthy and safe environment for patients, visitors, staff and the community (MOH, 2013).

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Infection Control and Prevention Policies

Infection control policies mandated by health law of MOH and in accordance to CDC guidelines address better ways to:

Guide and instruct healthcare personnel on infection control practices.

Ensure occupational and environmental health and Safety (CDC, 2017; MOH, 2013).

https://www.cdc.gov/about/leadership.htm

MOH follows CDC guidelines of infection control and prevention to apply it through established policies at all healthcare settings of Saudi Arabia. Infection control policies mandated by health law of MOH and in accordance to CDC guidelines address better ways to Guide and instruct healthcare personnel on infection control practices (CDC, 2017; MOH, 2013). Also, to ensure occupational and environmental health and Safety (CDC, 2017; MOH, 2013). Moreover, to educate staff, patients, families and sitters about infection control (CDC, 2017; MOH, 2013).

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Infection Control and Prevention Policies

Infection control policies mandated by health law of MOH and in accordance to JCI recommendation address better ways to:

Reduce the risk of healthcare associated infections.

Ensure correct process of hand hygiene (MOH, 2013).

https://www.hamad.qa/EN/hospitals-and-services/WWRC/About/Research%20and%20Accreditation/Accreditation/Pages/JCI.aspx

MOH follows JCI IPSGs which include the fifth IPSG of reducing the risk of healthcare associated infections (JCI, 2018). Infection control policies mandated by health law of MOH and in accordance to JCI recommendation address better ways to reduce the risk of healthcare associated infections, ensure correct process of hand hygiene and maintain standard precautions as well as expanded precautions (MOH, 2013). Policies should address patients transport from one area to another and also education of disease and infection control practices (MOH, 2013). In addition to, policies addressing the importance of N95 fit check and fit test to handle airborne isolated cases (Oboho et al., 2015; MOH, 2013).

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Infection Control and Prevention Policies

Infection control policies mandated by health law of MOH and in accordance to World Health Organization (WHO) address better ways to:

Perform correct hand hygiene techniques (WHO, 2017).

Educate staff, patients and sitters about the importance of hand hygiene (MOH, 2013).

http://www.who.int/about/en/

Infection control policies mandated by health law of MOH and in accordance to World Health Organization (WHO) address better ways to perform correct hand hygiene techniques (WHO, 2017). Also, to use of protective personal equipment (WHO, 2017). Moreover, to educate staff, patients and sitters about the importance of hand hygiene (MOH, 2013). WHO (2017), emphasized that hand hygiene is the building block for infection prevention and control. Hand hygiene need to be addressed clearly in established policies for better compliance (Ellingson et al., 2014)

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Infection Control and Prevention Policies

Infection control policies mandated by health law of MOH are based on achieving Saudi Vision 2030 which focuses on :

Promoting preventive healthcare.

Reducing infectious diseases.

Encouraging citizens to make use of primary healthcare services as a first step (Kingdom of Saudi Arabia vision 2030, 2016).

http://vision2030.gov.sa/en

Infection control policies mandated by health law of MOH are based on achieving Saudi Vision 2030 which focuses on promoting preventive healthcare, reducing infectious diseases, encouraging citizens to make use of primary healthcare services as a first step (Kingdom of Saudi Arabia vision 2030, 2016). MOH works toward achieving healthcare improvements and optimizing the capacity of hospitals and healthcare settings to address population needs as well as to enhance the quality of preventive and therapeutic healthcare services (Kingdom of Saudi Arabia vision 2030, 2016).

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Infection Control and Prevention as a established Policy

Infection Control and Prevention policies should address all aspects of infection control and disease prevention in healthcare settings. This includes but not limited to:

Hand hygiene.

Standard precautions.

Isolation expanded precautions.

Infection control during construction and renovation.

Waste management.

Preemployment screenings.

Post exposure measurements (MOH, 2013).

Infection Control and Prevention policies should address all aspects of infection control and disease prevention. This includes but not limited to hand hygiene, standard precautions, isolation expanded precautions, infection control during construction and renovation, waste management, preemployment screenings and post exposure measurements (MOH, 2013). Each healthcare setting has its established infection control and prevention policies managed and supervised by infection control department and healthcare quality. It is the responsibility of all healthcare providers from all fields to adhere to these policies.

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Infection Control and Prevention as a Internal Policy

Infection Control and Prevention policies are Internal Policies and Procedures (IPPs) that are applicable to all healthcare providers in a healthcare setting for the purpose of infection control, disease prevention, staff and patient safety (MOH, 2013).

Example of Infection Control and Prevention IPP is Safe Disposal of Sharps (MOH, 2013).

https://www.odontologos.mx/odontologos/noticias/index.php?id_cat=9

Infection Control and Prevention policies are Internal Policies and Procedures (IPPs) that are applicable to all healthcare providers in a healthcare setting for the purpose of infection control, disease prevention, staff and patient safety (MOH, 2013). Example of Infection Control and Prevention IPP is Safe Disposal of Sharps which is applied in Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs (MNG-HA) (MOH, 2013). It is considered an important IPP that address a common infection problem of needle stick injuries especially among nurses (Akyol & Kargin, 2016).

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Safe Disposal of Sharps

It is made up of the following internal policies:

Standard precautions.

Safety Reporting System.

Environmental health.

Occupational health.

Chemical and hazardous spills.

Needle stick injury (MOH, 2013).

http://www.safered.com/

Safe Disposal of Sharps is made up of internal policies which include standard precautions that focuses on adhering to correct hand hygiene and wearing proper protective equipment

(MOH, 2013). Also, Safety Reporting System to repost any potential or actual hazards of sharps in the healthcare setting (MOH, 2013). Moreover, environmental and occupational health to assess the safety and placement of sharp containers in the healthcare settings (MOH, 2013). In addition to, hazardous spills and needle stick injury (MOH, 2013).

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Importance of Safe Disposal of Sharps Policy

Purpose:

To provide a clear process on safe practice of handling, storage and disposal of sharps with the aim eliminate unsafe practices that may cause irreversible injuries or pose infectious hazards to staff, patients and others within the healthcare setting (MOH, 2013).

Applicability:

It is applicable to all healthcare providers involve in safe handling, storage and disposal of sharps within the healthcare setting (MOH, 2013).

The importance of IPP Safe Disposal of Sharps is to provide a clear process on safe practice of handling, storage and disposal of sharps with the aim eliminate unsafe practices that may cause irreversible injuries or pose infectious hazards to staff, patients and others within the healthcare setting (MOH, 2013). This IPP is applicable to all healthcare providers involve in safe handling, storage and disposal of sharps within the healthcare setting (MOH, 2013).

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IPP: Safe Disposal of Sharps

It ensures the procedure of safe disposal of sharps waste in accordance with health and safety guidelines, MOH health law and regulations by:

Applying strict environment of hazards.

Maintaining complete inventory of all hazardous sharps.

Ensuring safe process of handling, storage and disposal of sharps.

Implementing reporting mechanism for spills, exposure and injury through Safety Reporting System (SRS) (MOH, 2013).

The policy ensures the procedure of safe disposal of sharps waste in accordance with health and safety guidelines, MOH health law and regulations by:

Developing effective management plans for strict environment of hazards.

Maintaining complete inventory of all hazardous sharps, types, quantity and locations.

Ensuring clear process of safe handling, storage and disposal of sharps.

Ensuring proper labeling of hazardous materials.

Using protective clothing or equipment during use, exposure and disposal.

Implementing reporting mechanism for spills, exposure and injury through Safety Reporting System (SRS) (MOH, 2013).

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Assessment of Compliance

MNG-HA conducted several infection control educational sessions including safe disposal of sharps in 2001 till 2003 (El Beltagy, El-Saed, Sallah & Balkhy, 2012). In 2004 and up to 2008, results showed compliance of healthcare providers in Emergency Department (ED) from 12.4% to 3.4% and Intensive Care Unit (ICU) from 13.7% to 3.4% (El Beltagy, El-Saed, Sallah & Balkhy, 2012). Compliance toward safe infection control practices of sharps disposal is important for staff safety as well as patient safety (El Beltagy, El-Saed, Sallah & Balkhy, 2012).

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Percutaneous Injuries in 1997 - 2000

Needle stick Injuries 2004
ED ICU Laboratory Others 0.124 0.13700000000000001 3.3000000000000002E-2 0.22

Percutaneous Injuries in 2004 - 2008

Needle stick Injuries 2004
ED ICU Laboratory Others 3.4000000000000002E-2 3.4000000000000002E-2 4.7E-2 0.106

Risk Management

Infection control and prevention is managed accordingly by accurate risk management.

Risk management involves:

- Risk identification.

Risk assessment.

Risk analysis.

Risk reporting.

Risk control (MNG-HA, 2014a)

Risk management is a process of actions focused on controlling risks, preventing threats, damages and financial loss within an organization (Stoneburner, Goguen & Feringa, 2002). It is important to consider that MNG-HA in Riyadh has managed to control Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus and other infection issues through accurate implementation of risk management (Abolfotouh et al., 2017; Yousif, Alenazi & Arabi, 2016; Al-Thaqafy, El-Saed, Arabi & Balkhy, 2014). Risk management involves risk identification, assessment, analysis, reporting and control (MNG-HA, 2014a)

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Conclusion

Infection control and prevention policies are important to any healthcare setting. Saudi Vision 2030 focuses on implementing healthcare policies to improve preventive healthcare, promote health education, reduce infectious diseases and encourage citizens to make use of primary healthcare services as a first step (Kingdom of Saudi Arabia vision 2030, 2016).

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References

Abolfotouh, M. A., AlQarni, A. A., Al-Ghamdi, S. M., Salam, M., Al-Assiri, M. H., & Balkhy, H. H. (2017). An assessment of the level of concern among hospital-based health-care workers regarding MERS outbreaks in Saudi Arabia. BMC Infectious Diseases, 17(1), 4 – 10.

Akyol, A., & Kargin, C. (2016). Needle Stick and sharp injuries among nurses. Glob J Nurs Forensic Stud, 1(109), 1 – 5.

Al-Thaqafy, M. S., El-Saed, A., Arabi, Y. M., & Balkhy, H. H. (2014). Association of compliance of ventilator bundle with incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia and ventilator utilization among critical patients over 4 years. Annals of Thoracic Medicine, 9(4), 221 – 226.

CDC. (2017). Guidelines. Retrieved from: https://www.cdc.gov/infectioncontrol/guidelines/index.html

El Beltagy, K., El-Saed, A., Sallah, M., & Balkhy, H. H. (2012). Impact of infection control educational activities on rates and frequencies of percutaneous injuries (PIs) at a tertiary care hospital in Saudi Arabia. Journal of Infection and Public Health, 5(4), 297-303.

References

Ellingson, K., Haas, J. P., Aiello, A. E., Kusek, L., Maragakis, L. L., Olmsted, R. N., Perencevich, E., Polgreen, P.M., Schweizer, M.L., Trexler, P. & VanAmringe, M. (2014). Strategies to prevent healthcare-associated infections through hand hygiene. Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology, 35(8), 937-960.

JCI. (2018). Prevent and control infection. Retrieved from: https://www.jointcommissioninternational.org/improve/prevent-and-control-infection/

Kingdom of Saudi Arabia vision 2030 .(2016). Saudi vision 2030. Retrieved from: vision2030.gov.sa/download/file/fid/417

Memish, Z. A. (2002). Infection control in Saudi Arabia: meeting the challenge. American Journal of Infection Control, 30(1), 57-65.

MNG-HA. (2014a). Medical departments. Retrieved: from: http://ngha.med.sa/English/MedicalCities/AlRiyadh/MedicalServices/ Pages/default.aspx

MOH. (2002). Health law. Retrieved from: https://www.moh.gov.sa/Ministry/Rules/Documents/005.pdf

References

MOH. (2013). Infection prevention and control manual. Retrieved from: https://www.moh.gov.sa/CCC/Documents/GCC%20Infection%20control%20manual%202013%20revisedOPT.pdf

Oboho, I. K., Tomczyk, S. M., Al-Asmari, A. M., Banjar, A. A., Al-Mugti, H., Aloraini, M. S., Alkhaldi, K.Z., Almohammadi, E.L., Alraddadi, B.M., Gerber, S.I. & Swerdlow, D. L. (2015). 2014 MERS-CoV outbreak in Jeddah—a link to health care facilities. New England Journal of Medicine, 372(9), 846-854.

Soule, B. M., Memish, Z. A., & Malani, P. N. (2nd.). (2012). Best practices in infection prevention and control: an international perspective. USA: Joint Commission Resources.

WHO. (2017). Evidence of hand hygiene as the building block for infection prevention and control. Retrieved from: http://www.who.int/infection-prevention/campaigns/clean-hands/evidence.pdf?ua=1&ua=1

Yusuf, N. (2014). Private and public healthcare in Saudi Arabia: future challenges. International Journal of Business and Economic Development (IJBED), 2(1), 114 – 118.