Living in a media world 6th edition

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MAKE YOUR COURSE FRESH AND ENGAGING!

KEEP YOUR COURSE CURRENT!

New sections on critical theory, communicating in the age of emoji, Amazon’s impact on the publishing industry, and more!

New original infographics that highlight data and trends in media transformations.

Eleven new chapter-opening vignettes including PewDiePie, the Wild Ponies, Marvel’s Black Panther comics, and Caitlyn Jenner’s Vanity Fair magazine cover.

Seven Secrets “They” Don’t Want You To Know About The Media has been updated to reflect the growing importance of mobile and social media.

Increased global coverage using new data for social and legacy media in the Middle East and North Africa.

SAGE PREMIUM VIDEO Boost comprehension. Bolster analysis.

Mass Communication, Sixth Edition by Ralph E.

Hanson offers premium video, curated specifically for the text, to make learning more effective for all types of students. Accessed through a FREE Interactive eBook (when purchased with a new copy of the text), students go way beyond highlighting and note-taking.

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INTRIGUING REAL WORLD EXAMPLES!

IMPROVE STUDENTS’ CRITICAL- THINKING SKILLS THROUGH APPLICATION

Test Your Media Literacy boxes ask students to read about current research, interviews, data, or events, and then answer questions that encourage critical thinking.

Test Your Visual Media

Literacy boxes showcase images from various media, seeking instinctive reactions from readers, before providing context and questions that encourage critical assessment.

Questioning the Media: These critical thinking questions, in the margin of every main section of the text, provide useful moments to stop and think, addressing current media issues and encouraging students to consider how we use and consume media.

CAPTURE YOUR STUDENTS’ ATTENTION WITH COMPELLING STORIES Capture your students’ attention with compelling stories about people at the center of newsworthy events by assigning chapter-opening vignettes

reflecting the latest media news.

The media’s role in the Flint Water Crisis

How Serial shook up the podcasting industry

Yik Yak’s influence on college campuses

Mad Max: Fury Road on real actors doing their action scenes

Mizzou campus protests

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PRAISE FOR MASS COMMUNICATION: LIVING IN A MEDIA WORLD

“It is a PERFECT TEXT in that it covers everything related to mass communication but more importantly focuses on the importance of media literacy in understanding one’s world and one’s thoughts.”

—Kim Mac Innis Bridgewater State University

“This is a great text. The topics are presented in a very thoughtful order. The chapters are thorough, yet very MANAGEABLE to cover during class lectures on a tight semester timeframe.”

—Rick Bebout Reed College of Media, West Virginia

University

“I have really liked this text. It’s easy to teach, FRESH, CURRENT, and features graphics that I feel reflect the material and the current state of media comm as it stands.”

—Christopher T. Gullen Westfield State University

“This is a QUALITY INTRODUCTION and overview to a sprawling field that involves many disciplines.”

—Tim J. Anderson Old Dominion University

“This has it ALL! I can’t think of anything else I want in a textbook.”

—Karl Babij DeSales University

“The Hanson text’s narrative approach allows the work to be both ACCESSIBLE AND THOROUGH. From the opening vignettes through the multiple ‘added’ content in the form of secrets, media literacy sections, and media transformation cutouts, Hanson’s text manages to weave complex mass communication phenomena into coherent story about how the media came to look the way it does.”

—Aaron Heresco California Lutheran University

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To Matt, Howard and Mike Let’s go ride

SAGE was founded in 1965 by Sara Miller McCune to support the dissemination of usable knowledge by publishing innovative and high-quality research and teaching content. Today, we publish over 900 journals, including those of more than 400 learned societies, more than 800 new books per year, and a growing range of library products including archives, data, case studies, reports, and video. SAGE remains majority-owned by our founder, and after Sara’s lifetime will become owned by a charitable trust that secures our continued independence.

Los Angeles | London | New Delhi | Singapore | Washington DC | Melbourne

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Copyright © 2017 by SAGE Publications, Inc.

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher.

All trademarks depicted within this book, including trademarks appearing as part of a screenshot, figure, or other image, are included solely for the purpose of illustration and are the property of their respective holders. The use of the trademarks in no way indicates any relationship with, or endorsement by, the holders of said trademarks.

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CONTENTS

Preface Acknowledgments About the Author

PART I: INTRODUCTION TO THE MEDIA

AP/Hannah McKay

Chapter 1. Living in a Media World

Levels of Communication Intrapersonal Communication Interpersonal Communication Group Communication Mass Communication A Mix of Levels

Elements of Mass Communication The Players in the Mass Communication Process

• Media Transformations: When Media Connect Us to the Most Remote Places on Earth

Contemporary Models of Mass Communication Evolution of the Media World

Before Print: Pre–Mass Media Communication Networks Print: Arrival of the Book Electronic Networks: Telegraph, Gramophone, Radio, Movi

es, and Television

• Test Your Media Literacy: Can Television Take Anything Seriously?

Online and Mobile Media: Interactive Communication Understanding the Media World Defining Media Literacy The New Seven Secrets About the Media “They” Don’t Wan

t You to Know

• Test Your Media Literacy: What Did the Media’s Future Look Like in the Past?

Chapter Summary Key Terms Review Questions

Chapter 2. Mass Communication Effects: How Society and Media Interact

History of Media Effects Research Rise of Mass Society Propaganda and the Direct Effects Model

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Voter Studies and the Limited Effects Model

• Test Your Visual Media Literacy: The Messages in Propa ganda

The Importance of Meaning and the Critical/Cultural Model Effects of the Media in Our Lives Message Effects Medium Effects Ownership Effects Active Audience Effects

Theories of Media and Society Functional Analysis

Agenda Setting Uses and Gratifications Theory Social Learning Symbolic Interactionism

• Test Your Media Literacy: Where Are the Rey Star Wars Toys?

Spiral of Silence Media Logic

• Media Transformations: Cultivation Theory Cultivation Analysis

Chapter Summary Key Terms Review Questions

Wild Ponies

Chapter 3. The Media Business: Consolidation, Globali zation, and the Long Tail

The Development of the Media Business in the United States A Tradition of Private Ownership The Growth of National News

Big Media: The Legacy Conglomerates Disney: The Mouse That Grew News Corporation and 21st Century Fox: A Worldwide G iant Splits in Two

Time Warner: Starting the Trend That Smaller Is Better Viacom and CBS: A Generational Change

Bertelsmann: The World’s Largest Publisher Big Media: The New Players Comcast/NBC Universal: Cable Buys Broadcaster Alphabet: Google and Company

• Test Your Media Literacy: Google’s Core Principles • Media Transformations: Who Are Our Media? Apple: Reinventing the Media

Media Economics and the Long Tail The Short Head Versus the Long Tail Characteristics of the Long Tail

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Consequences of the Long Tail Big Players in the Long Tail

Who Controls the Media? Owners Advertisers Government Special Interest Groups News Sources Audiences

Chapter Summary Key Terms Review Questions

PART II: PRINT MEDIA

Kathy Willens/AP Images

Chapter 4. Books: The Birth of the Mass Media

The Development of the Book and Mass Communication Early Books and Writing

• Test Your Visual Media Literacy: Emojis Bring Back Pict ure Writing

The Development of the Printing Press The Invention of Mass Culture

• Test Your Visual Media Literacy: How Do Words Get Int o the Dictionary?

Books in the New World The Development of Large-Scale, Mass-Produced Books

Buying and Selling Books Publishers Authors Booksellers Books and the Long Tail The Textbook Business

Books and Culture The Importance of Blockbuster Books Books and Censorship

• Test Your Visual Media Literacy: Comics Don’t Have to Be Funny

The Future of Books

• Media Transformations: Can Paper Books and e-Books Coexist?

Electronic Publishing and Print on Demand Chapter Summary Key Terms Review Questions

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Chapter 5. Magazines: The Power of Words and Image

s

The Development of a National Culture Early Magazines The Saturday Evening Post The Birth of Photojournalism

The Magazine Business The Economics of Magazine Publishing Trade Magazines Literary and Commentary Magazines Newsmagazines Women’s Magazines Men’s Magazines

Magazines and Modern Society Magazines and Body Image

• Test Your Visual Media Literacy: Presenting a Broader R ange of Beauty

Who’s in Control? Advertising Versus Editorial The Importance of Magazine Covers

The Future of Magazines Magazines for the Twenty-First Century Magazines in the Digital Age

• Media Transformations: Going From Paper to Digital Chapter Summary Key Terms Review Questions

Jake May/The Flint Journal via AP/AP Images

Chapter 6. Newspapers and the News: Reflection of a Democratic Society

Inventing the Modern Press Colonial Publishing: A Tradition of Independence The Penny Press: Newspapers for the People Pulitzer, Hearst, and the Battle for New York City The Tabloids Broadcast News

The News Business Newspaper Conglomerates—Consolidation and Profitabilit

y National Newspapers The Metropolitan Press

• Test Your Media Literacy: Truth-Telling as a Journalistic Priority

Community and Suburban Papers News, Politics, and Society Sources, Advertisers, and Readers—Whom Do You Please?

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Media and Political Bias Patriotism and the Press—Reporters Risk Their Lives to R eport the News

• Test Your Media Literacy: Living in Different Media Wor lds

The Alternative Press

• Media Transformations: News in the Age of Mobile Med ia

The Future of News Are Newspapers a Dying Medium? The Future Is Mobile and Social

• Test Your Media Literacy: Journalists and Social Media Chapter Summary Key Terms

Review Questions

PART III: ELECTRONIC MEDIA

Monika Skolimowska/AP Images

Chapter 7. Audio: Music and Talk Across Media

History of Sound Recording and Transmission Storing Musical Performances: The Development of the Re

cording Industry Transmitting Music and Talk: The Birth of Radio From the Golden Age to the Television Age

• Test Your Media Literacy: When Is a Radio Show Racist? Radio’s New Look: HD and Satellite Streaming/Downloads: Online and Mobile Audio

Music, Youth Culture, and Society Rock ’n’ Roll and the Integration of Music The Changing Face of Popular Music Country: Pop Music for Adults Finding a Niche: Popular Radio Formats

• Test Your Media Literacy: When Is Recycled Music Origi nal? Mash-ups and Covers

Talk Radio: Politics, News, Shock Jocks, and Sports Public Radio Concerns About Effects of Music on Young People Changing the Musical Experience: From Social Music to Per

sonal Soundtracks

From Singles to Digital Downloads: Making Money in the Rec ording Industry LPs Versus 45s CDs and Digital Recording Economics of Streaming and Downloads Radio Consolidates and Goes High-Tech

• Test Your Media Literacy: Who Is Being Hurt by Declini ng Sales of Recorded Music?

The Future of Sound

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Music and the Long Tail: Alternatives to Broadcasting New Economic Models for the Music Industry

• Media Transformations: Creating a Radio Show Withou t a Radio Station

Chapter Summary Key Terms Review Questions

The White Hosuse/ www.flickr.com

Chapter 8. Movies: Mass Producing Entertainment

The Development of Movies The First Moviemakers The Studio System The Blacklist Television and the Movies

The Movie Business

The Blockbuster Era

• Media Transformations: As You Like It: Movie Viewershi p in the Digital Era

Home Video Digital Production and Projection What Makes a Movie Profitable?

Movies and Society How Much Influence Do Movies Have? Diversity in the Movies

• Test Your Visual Media Literacy: Does It Look Like Wom en Have Major Film Roles?

The Production Code: Protecting the Movies From Censors hip

The Ratings System

• Test Your Media Literacy: Movie Ratings The Future of Movies Movies as a Brand Movie Promotion on the Internet Movies and the Long Tail

Chapter Summary Key Terms Review Questions

Chapter 9. Television: Broadcast and Beyond

Television: Broadcast and Cable/Satellite Broadcast Television Cable and Satellite Television Digital Television

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From Broadcasting to Narrowcasting: The Changing Business of Television Networks and Affiliates Educational Broadcasting Becomes Public Broadcasting The Fox Network

Defining Ratings An Earthquake in Slow Motion Diversity on Television

• Test Your Visual Media Literacy: What Does a TV Show Look Like?

Television and Society Television as a Major Social Force How Do Viewers Use Television? Standards for Television

• Test Your Media Literacy: No Sense of Place The Problem of Decency

The Future of Television Interactive Television

• Media Transformations: Defining Television in the Twen ty-First Century

The Earthquake in Slow Motion Continues Chapter Summary Key Terms Review Questions

Bloomberg/Getty Images

Chapter 10. Online Media: The Internet, Social Media, and Video Games

The Development of the Internet Packet Switching: Letting Computers Talk to Each Other ARPAnet

Connecting Incompatible Networks What Are Online/Mobile Media? E-mail Instant Messaging and SMS The World Wide Web Search as a Medium Mobile Apps Blogs

• Media Transformations: Going Mobile Podcasts and Streaming Media

Social Media: Sharing Our Lives Online What Makes Media Social? Who Are Our Social Media?

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Video Games as Mass Communication

• Test Your Media Literacy: How Much Privacy Do You Ha ve With Your Social Media Accounts?

Video Games as a Spectator Sport Diversity and Representation in Video Games

The Internet and Society The Hacker Ethic The Notion of Cyberspace Broadening Our Online World Conflicts Over Digital Media Convergence of Old and New Media

• Test Your Visual Media Literacy: Humans of New York Everything Is Data

Chapter Summary Key Terms Review Questions

PART IV: STRATEGIC COMMUNICATION

The Ladies Home Journal/Kellogg’s Rice Krispies

Chapter 11. Advertising: Selling a Message

The Development of the Advertising Industry The Birth of Consumer Culture The Growth of Brand Names Advertising-Supported Media

The Advertising Business The Client The Agency The Media The Audience

• Test Your Media Literacy: Advertising to Targeted Mark ets

Advertising in Contemporary Culture The Problem of Clutter Debunking Subliminal Advertising When Advertisements Are More Important Than the Progr

am Advertising to Children

• Test Your Media Literacy: Limits on Advertising Food to Children

The Future of Advertising Integrated Marketing Communication

• Media Transformations: From Advertorials to Native Ad vertising

Is Anyone Watching Television Ads? Product Placement

The Long Tail of Advertising Social Marketing

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Chapter Summary Key Terms Review Questions

Jon Rawlinson

Chapter 12. Public Relations: Interactions, Relationshi ps, and the News

From Press Agentry to Professionalism The Origins of Public Relations

• Test Your Media Literacy: False Reports Garner Publicit y

World War I: The Federal Government Starts Using Public Relations

Public Relations Becomes a Profession The Business of Public Relations What Is Public Relations? The Public Relations Process Who Are the Publics? Crisis Communication Public Relations Goes Online

• Media Transformations: Old and New Tools for Integrat ed Marketing Communication

Public Relations and Society Journalism and Public Relations Public Relations and the Government Spin Control: A More Personal Form of Public Relations Public Relations and Political Activism Public Relations and the Civil Rights Movement

Chapter Summary Key Terms Review Questions

PART V: REGULATION AND CONTROL OF THE MEDIA

Chapter 13. Media Law: Free Speech and Fairness

The Development of a Free Press The First Amendment: “Congress Shall Make No Law” The Roots of American Free Speech Limits on Free Speech in the Post-9/11 Era

Protection of Individuals Libel Invasion of Privacy Free Press/Fair Trial

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• Test Your Visual Media Literacy: Should Legal Protectio ns Extend to Offensive Speech?

Controlling the Press Honesty and the Press Prior Restraint Free Speech and Students Journalists Going to Jail Obscenity

• Test Your Media Literacy: Citizens United v. Federal Ele ction Commission

Regulation of the Media Industry Copyright and Fair Use The Rise and Fall of Broadcast Regulation Mandating Fairness on the Air

• Media Transformations: Who Owns Your Social Media Content?

The Telecommunications Act of 1996 Net Neutrality

Chapter Summary Key Terms Review Questions

Alex Wong/Getty Images

Chapter 14. Media Ethics: Truthfulness, Fairness, and S tandards of Decency

Ethical Principles and Decision Making Aristotle: Virtue and the Golden Mean Kant: The Categorical Imperative John Stuart Mill: The Principle of Utility

• Test Your Visual Media Literacy: Horrific Sports Injuries John Rawls: The Veil of Ignorance Hutchins Commission: Social Responsibility Ethics The Bok Model for Ethical Decision Making

Ethics and News Truthfulness

• Test Your Media Literacy: When Is Arresting Reporters

Considered Acceptable? Corporate Conflict of Interest Sensationalism Going Too Far: The News of the World Hacking Scandal When and How Do You Apologize? There Is No “They”: The Sago Mine Disaster Photography Enforcing Ethics

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Ethics and Persuasive Communication Advertising

• Test Your Media Literacy: The Unabomber's Manifesto Raises Questions

• Media Transformations: Cookie Monsters: Online Priva cy and Data Gathering

Ethics in Public Relations Attacks on Women Through Online Media Chapter Summary Key Terms Review Questions

Subhendu Sarkar/Getty Images

Chapter 15. Global Media: Communication Around the World

Media Ideals Around the World

Authoritarian Theory Communist Theory Libertarian Theory Social Responsibility Theory Norms for the Press in the Twenty-First Century

• Test Your Media Literacy: Updating the Four Theories The Internet in the Twenty-First Century Going Global: Media Standards Around the World Canada, Western Europe, and Great Britain

• Test Your Visual Media Literacy: Are There Limits to What Media Images Should Display?

Central and Latin America Islamic Countries and the Middle East Africa Russia and the Former Soviet Republics Asia

• Test Your Media Literacy: How Free Are the World’s Media to Report the News?

• Media Transformations: Are We Really Living in a Me dia World?

Chapter Summary Key Terms Review Questions

Notes Glossary Index

Video

Case

Open Access

Video

Audio Web

Quiz

media library

Media Library

Chapter 1: Living in a Media World

PREMIUM VIDEO

VIDEO CASE

Video Case 1.1: Facebook reaches one billion users in a d ay.

Video Case 1.2: Donald Trump and media control.

Video Case 1.3: Media literacy research.

Video Case 1.4: Social media in college admissions.

OPEN ACCESS VIDEO

See footage from Paul McCartney’s baseball stadium tou r.

Experience the difference between watching and reading two speeches.

Clips from John Oliver’s Last Week Tonight.

http://www.ralphehanson.com/2014/09/29/link-ch-1-paul-mccartneys-baseball-stadium-concerts/
http://www.ralphehanson.com/2011/12/15/ch-1-link-hearing-a-speech-v-reading-a-speech/
https://www.youtube.com/user/LastWeekTonight
Nepal earthquake footage.

Neil Postman talks about his book Amusing Ourselves to Death.

WEB

One of Time’s 100 Most Influencial People: Felix Kjellber g.

Read how SCOTUSblog scooped both CNN and Fox New s on coverage of Obamacare Supreme Court Decision.

Get the latest on Super Bowl advertising and coverage.

Read more on media access to Everest climbing and disas ters.

Read more about how the ritual model applies to the new s coverage around the death of bin Laden.

Dealing with FCC decency rules in the years since Janet J ackson’s wardrobe malfunction.

Read more on Web comics.

Read more examples of Secret One.

Read more examples of Secret Two.

Read more examples of Secret Three.

Read more examples of Secret Four.

Read more examples of Secret Five.

Read more examples of Secret Six.

Read more examples of Secret Seven.

Keep up-to-date with content from the author’s blog.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=heSOBf-sOm8
http://www.ralphehanson.com/2011/12/19/link-ch-1-interview-with-neil-postman/
http://time.com/4302406/felix-kjellberg-pewdiepie-2016-time-100/
http://www.ralphehanson.com/2012/06/29/fox-and-cnn-get-health-care-decision-wrong-everyone-turns-to-blog-for-accurate-news/
http://www.ralphehanson.com/tag/super-bowl/
http://www.ralphehanson.com/tag/everest/
http://www.ralphehanson.com/2011/05/09/covering-bin-ladens-death/
http://www.ralphehanson.com/2011/12/16/ch-1-link-are-fcc-indecency-rules-still-relevant-in-new-media-age/
http://www.ralphehanson.com/2014/09/30/ch-1-links-web-comics-round-up/
http://www.ralphehanson.com/tag/secret-1/
http://www.ralphehanson.com/tag/secret-2/
http://www.ralphehanson.com/tag/secret-3/
http://www.ralphehanson.com/tag/secret-4/
http://www.ralphehanson.com/tag/secret-5/
http://www.ralphehanson.com/tag/secret-6/
http://www.ralphehanson.com/tag/secret-7/
http://www.ralphehanson.com/category/chapter-1/
QUIZ

Take the Chapter Quiz

Chapter 2: Mass Communication Effects

PREMIUM VIDEO

VIDEO CASE

Video Case 2.1: Discussing reactions to new technology.

Video Case 2.2: Shopping for a smartphone.

Video Case 2.3: Transgender in the media.

Video Case 2.4: Virtual reality gaming.

OPEN ACCESS VIDEO

Watch clips of McLuhan speaking.

Watch commercials targeting different audiences.

Watch C-SPAN coverage.

AUDIO

Learn about the long presidential campaigns of the 1800 s.

Listen to an interview with and listen to the music of John Adams.

Listen to Orson Welles’ War of the Worlds broadcast.

WEB

https://edge.sagepub.com/hanson6e/student-resources/chapter-1/quiz
http://www.ralphehanson.com/2012/01/24/link-ch-2-marshal-mcluhan/
http://www.ralphehanson.com/2012/01/24/ch-2-link-two-approaches-to-selling-suvs/
http://www.c-span.org/
http://www.ralphehanson.com/2012/01/23/link-ch-2-the-endless-presidential-campaign/
http://www.ralphehanson.com/2011/09/12/john-adams-on-the-transmigration-of-souls/
http://www.ralphehanson.com/2012/01/25/link-ch-2-orson-welles-war-of-the-worlds-broadcast/
Up to date stories about Edward Snowden on NPR.

Read more about Glenn Greenwald’s reporting on Edwar d Snowden.

The Posters that Sold WWI to the American Public from Smithsonian Magazine.

Read stories about media coverage on missing white wo men.

Check out the corporate sites of media giants.

The latest from Nate Silver’s FiveThirtyEight.

View tweets on the 2011 Egyptian revolution.

Read NPR’s coverage on Donald Trump.

Read more about the Pew report on social media and the Spiral of Silence.

Read more about Dr. Gerbner on TV violence.

Keep up-to-date with content from the author’s blog.

QUIZ

Take the Chapter Quiz

Chapter 3: The Media Business

PREMIUM VIDEO

VIDEO CASE

Video Case 3.1: The savvy media consumer.

http://www.npr.org/tags/190293264/edward-snowden
http://www.ralphehanson.com/2014/10/07/ch-2-link-edward-snowden-glenn-greenwald-and-the-nsa/
http://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/posters-sold-world-war-i-american-public-180952179/?no-ist
http://www.ralphehanson.com/2012/01/23/link-ch-2-missing-pretty-white-girls//
http://www.ralphehanson.com/2012/01/24/link-ch-2-who-are-the-owners/
http://fivethirtyeight.com
http://www.ralphehanson.com/2011/02/11/are-you-watching-this/
http://www.npr.org/tags/134949364/donald-trump
http://www.ralphehanson.com/2014/10/10/link-ch-2-applying-the-spiral-of-silence-to-social-media/
http://www.ralphehanson.com/2014/10/10/link-ch-2-revisiting-dr-gerbner-and-tv-violence/
http://www.ralphehanson.com/category/chapter-2/
https://edge.sagepub.com/hanson6e/student-resources/chapter-2/quiz
Video Case 3.2: Holiday toy merchandising.

Video Case 3.3: Long tail growth at ComicCon.

Video Case 3.4: Google and investing.

OPEN ACCESS VIDEO

View examples of the penny press.

Watch a 1939 video on how Walt Disney cartoons were made.

See what all the fuss was about with the Janet Jackson in decency case.

Douglas Edwards talks about time with Google.

WEB

Check out projects receiving funding on kickstarter.

Learn more about the Bay Psalm Book.

How Americans Get Their News

Read reaction to Disney’s acquisition of Lucasfilm

When Will ESPN’s Subscriber Numbers Finally Hit Botto m?

Take a peek at the corporate web sites for several of the most dominant media corporations.

Visit Time Warner’s corporate site.

Visit Viacom’s corporate site.

Visit the CBS corporate site.

Visit the Bertelsmann corporate site.

http://www.library.illinois.edu/hpnl/guides/newspapers/american/1800-1860/city.html
http://www.ralphehanson.com/2011/04/05/how-walt-disney-cartoons-are-made-1939/
http://www.ralphehanson.com/2012/06/29/httpthehill-comblogshillicon-valleytechnology235629-supreme-court-wont-take-up-janet-jackson-case/
http://www.ralphehanson.com/2012/01/22/link-ch-3-im-feeling-lucky-author-douglas-edwards-talks-about-working-for-google
https://www.kickstarter.com/discover/categories/film%20&%20video
http://www.ralphehanson.com/2012/01/19/link-ch-3-4-the-whole-book-of-psalmes/
https://www.americanpressinstitute.org/publications/reports/survey-research/how-americans-get-news/
http://www.ralphehanson.com/2012/11/01/disney-buys-lucasfilm-now-owns-star-wars-is-that-really-such-a-bad-thing/
http://fortune.com/2015/11/24/espn-subscriber-numbers/
http://www.ralphehanson.com/2012/01/24/link-ch-2-who-are-the-owners/
http://www.timewarner.com/
http://www.viacom.com/Pages/default.aspx
http://www.cbscorporation.com/
http://www.bertelsmann.com
Read more about Comcast’s accelerated purchase of NB CUniversal from GE.

Read more about Comcast’s attempt to buy Time Warner Cable

Read a remembrance of Apple co-founder Steve Jobs.

Read Chris Anderson’s article on long tail.

Who owns the media you’re consuming?

Keep up-to-date with content from the author’s blog.

QUIZ

Take the Chapter Quiz

Chapter 4: Books

PREMIUM VIDEO

VIDEO CASE

Video Case 4.1: Appalachian dialects.

Video Case 4.2: Harper Lee’s new novel.

Video Case 4.3: Impact of children's books.

OPEN ACCESS VIDEO

Check out a video history on the development of modern alphabets.

Are emojis taking us back to the Dark Ages?

Was Johannes Gutenberg the most influential person of t

http://www.ralphehanson.com/2013/02/13/comcast-completing-purchase-of-nbcuniversal-from-ge-years-ahead-of-schedule/
http://www.ralphehanson.com/2014/02/17/comcast-commits-to-buying-time-warner-cable/
http://www.ralphehanson.com/2011/10/06/steve-jobs-1955-2011/
http://changethis.com/manifesto/show/10.LongTail
http://www.cjr.org/resources/index.php
http://www.ralphehanson.com/category/chapter-3/
https://edge.sagepub.com/hanson6e/student-resources/chapter-3/quiz
http://www.ralphehanson.com/2012/01/29/link-ch-4-a-history-of-writing/
https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/jonathanjonesblog/2015/may/27/emoji-language-dragging-us-back-to-the-dark-ages-yellow-smiley-face
http://www.ralphehanson.com/2012/02/01/link-ch-4-gutenbergs-influence/
he second millennium?

Watch a demonstration of Apple’s e-textbooks.

AUDIO

NPR’s full interview with Coates.

Students are fighting back against textbook publishers.

Change is the Only Contstant in Today’s Publishing Indus try.

WEB

Publishers are using Twitter to Identify new words for th e dictionary.

Check out the U.S. Publishing Office website.

Check out the four separate New York Times bestseller li sts featuring books targeted at children and young adults .

Read more about challenged books.

Read more about threatened authors.

Read more about how Anne Frank’s famous diary has bee n in the news.

As Publishers Fight Amazon, Books are Vanishing.

Keep up-to-date with content from the author’s blog.

QUIZ

Take the Chapter Quiz

Chapter 5: Magazines

http://www.ralphehanson.com/2012/02/14/link-ch-4-apples-e-textbook-system/
http://www.npr.org/tags/126918976/ta-nehisi-coates
http://www.npr.org/sections/money/2014/10/09/354647112/how-college-students-battled-textbook-publishers-to-a-draw-in-3-graphs
http://www.npr.org/2012/12/27/167640733/change-is-the-only-constant-in-todays-publishing-industry
http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-2632684/Word-tweet-Publishers-using-Twitter-identify-new-dictionary-terms-public-vote-winner.html
https://www.gpo.gov
http://www.ralphehanson.com/2014/10/15/link-ch-4-young-adult-childrens-bestsellers/
http://www.ala.org/advocacy/banned/frequentlychallenged/21stcenturychallenged
http://www.ralphehanson.com/2012/02/13/link-ch-4-threats-against-authors/
http://www.ralphehanson.com/2013/06/21/thinking-about-anne-frank/
http://bits.blogs.nytimes.com/2014/05/23/amazon-escalates-its-battle-against-hachette/
http://www.ralphehanson.com/category/chapter-4/
https://edge.sagepub.com/hanson6e/student-resources/chapter-4/quiz
PREMIUM VIDEO

VIDEO CASE

Video Case 5.1: War photography.

Video Case 5.2: Playboy announcement.

Video Case 5.3: Google tablets.

OPEN ACCESS VIDEO

Remembering the life of William F. Buckley.

Dove’s Real Beauty campaign.

Watch as a woman is Photoshopped for a magazine cover .

AUDIO

Interview with writer Buzz Bissinger on Caitlyn Jenner

WEB

Check out vintage magazine covers.

Read what the Saturday Evening Post is like today.

View the Library of Congress’s collection of Civil War–er a photos.

Read issues of the Crisis from 1910 to 1922.

See famous images from Life magazine.

See the complete text and picture plates of Godey’s Janu ary 1851 issue.

http://www.c-spanvideo.org/program/304248-1
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XpaOjMXyJGk
http://www.huffingtonpost.ca/2013/10/30/model-before-and-after-photoshop_n_4179012.html
http://www.npr.org/2015/06/02/411533456/buzz-bissinger-with-caitlyn-jenner-you-feel-a-connection
http://www.magazineart.org
http://www.saturdayeveningpost.com/
http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/cwphtml/cwphome.html
http://www.modjourn.org/render.php?view=mjp_object&id=crisiscollection
http://life.time.com/
http://www.gutenberg.org/files/15080/15080-h/15080-h.htm
Take a look back at Ladies Home Journal over the years.

Read more about magazines, media, and body image.

Find out about model Lizzie Miller and “the photo.”

Check out controversial magazine covers.

Read magazine reports for the last several years.

Read about the sales of print vs. digital magazines.

Keep up-to-date with content from the author’s blog.

QUIZ

Take the Chapter Quiz

Chapter 6: Newspapers and the News

PREMIUM VIDEO

VIDEO CASE

Video Case 6.1: Gender and news.

Video Case 6.2: Journalism and protests.

Video Case 6.3: Journalist on trial.

Video Case 6.4: Newswire service hacked.

OPEN ACCESS VIDEO

Watch an interview with Paul Weaver.

See more on the career of Associated Press war correspo ndent George Esper.

http://nymag.com/thecut/2014/04/remembering-ladies-home-journals-early-years.html
http://www.ralphehanson.com/tag/body-image/
http://www.ralphehanson.com/2012/02/11/link-ch-5-beauty-size-age-part-ii-the-woman-on-p-194/
http://www.ralphehanson.com/2014/02/19/great-magazine-covers/
http://www.ralphehanson.com/2012/02/12/link-ch-5-state-of-the-news-media-magazines/
http://www.foliomag.com/2016/print-magazines-resist-declines-digital-editions-show-growth/
http://www.ralphehanson.com/category/chapter-5/
https://edge.sagepub.com/hanson6e/student-resources/chapter-5/quiz
http://www.c-spanvideo.org/program/Newsan
http://www.ralphehanson.com/2012/02/03/war-correspondent-and-journalist-extraordinaire-george-esper-rip/
AUDIO

Listen to one of Edward R. Murrow’s broadcasts.

WEB

Read more about the Flint, Michigan water crisis.

Read about Nellie Bly’s visit to an insane asylum.

Learn more about “The Yellow Kid.”

Read more on the New York Daily News’s “DEAD!” cover.

Links to the top ten U.S. newspapers

Learn more about community newspapers.

Amid Allegations of Bias: Facebook Explains How ‘Trendi ng Topics’ Works.

More on the risks journalists face.

Check out several alternative papers

Print is dying; Digital is not.

State of the News Media 2016.

Keep up-to-date with content from the author’s blog.

QUIZ

Take the Chapter Quiz

Chapter 7: Audio

PREMIUM VIDEO

http://www.ralphehanson.com/2012/02/20/link-ch-6-edward-r-murrow-in-london/
http://www.cnn.com/specials/us/flint-water-crisis
http://www.ralphehanson.com/2012/02/20/link-ch-6-nellie-blys-ten-days-in-a-mad-house/
http://www.ralphehanson.com/2012/02/20/link-ch-6-the-yellow-kid/
http://www.ralphehanson.com/2012/02/20/link-ch-6-new-york-daily-news-dead-cover/
http://www.nnaweb.org/
http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2016/05/12/477874985/amid-allegations-of-bias-facebook-explains-how-trending-topics-works
http://www.cpj.org/
http://www.ralphehanson.com/2012/02/21/link-ch-6-alternative-papers/
http://news.wgbh.org/2016/01/26/local-news/print-dying-digital-no-savior-long-ugly-decline-newspaper-business-continues
http://www.journalism.org/2016/06/15/state-of-the-news-media-2016/
http://www.ralphehanson.com/category/chapter-6/
https://edge.sagepub.com/hanson6e/student-resources/chapter-6/quiz
VIDEO CASE

Video Case 7.1: Early radio and today.

Video Case 7.2: Apple and Beats music.

Video Case 7.3: John Lennon impact.

Video Case 7.4: Garrison Keillor retires.

OPEN ACCESS VIDEO

Take a video walk through rock ‘n’ roll history from Elvis t o hip hop.

AUDIO

Listen to the podcast Serial.

Listen to excerpts from Amos ‘n’ Andy.

Listen to the BBC World Service.

Use Spotify to listen to this playlist of 100 great Motown songs.

Learn about the role of hip hop in the Arab Spring revolts of 2011.

Find out more about Mountain Stage and listen to podcas ts.

WEB

Learn more about Thomas Edison.

Learn more about Guglielmo Marconi.

Read and see more about broadcasting pioneer David Sar

http://www.ralphehanson.com/2014/03/06/a-brief-musical-history-in-video/
https://serialpodcast.org/
http://www.ralphehanson.com/2012/03/20/link-ch-7-amos-n-andy-radio-show/
http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/
https://open.spotify.com/user/mojomagazine/playlist/6T0uKRW29Y0SMfl3dkMAlA
http://www.wnyc.org/story/133076-north-africas-hip-hop-protest-music/
http://mountainstage.org/
http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/edhtml/edbio.html
http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1909/marconi-bio.html
http://www.ralphehanson.com/2014/10/16/link-ch-7-meet-david-sarnoff/
noff.

Check out Rob Cesternino’s website with links to his pod casts.

Wondering what all those different radio formats are? W onder no more.

Check out the latest on Rush Limbaugh.

Check out Taylor Swift’s stance against Apple Music.

Read more about what Michael DeGusta has to say about the decline of music sales.

Look at the audio fact sheet from Pew Research Center.

Look at the podcasting fact sheet from Pew Research Ce nter.

Spotify to become the music platform of modern dating.

Keep up-to-date with content from the author’s blog.

QUIZ

Take the Chapter Quiz

Chapter 8: Movies

PREMIUM VIDEO

VIDEO CASE

Video Case 8.1: Movie production.

Video Case 8.2: Back to the Future

http://robhasawebsite.com
http://www.newsgeneration.com/broadcast-resources/guide-to-radio-station-formats/
https://mic.com/articles/121078/taylor-swift-just-took-a-bold-stand-against-i-tunes-and-indie-artists-should-pay-attention#.BsEMKemvY
https://mic.com/articles/121078/taylor-swift-just-took-a-bold-stand-against-i-tunes-and-indie-artists-should-pay-attention#.BsEMKemvY
http://www.ralphehanson.com/2012/03/20/link-ch-7-is-the-music-industry-dying-or-just-the-recording-industry/
http://www.journalism.org/2016/06/15/audio-fact-sheet/
http://www.journalism.org/2016/06/15/podcasting-fact-sheet/
http://www.theatlantic.com/entertainment/archive/2016/09/spotify-tinder-dating-makes-sense/500822/
http://www.ralphehanson.com/category/chapter-7/
https://edge.sagepub.com/hanson6e/student-resources/chapter-7/quiz
Video Case 8.3: The call to boycott the 2016 Oscars cere mony.

OPEN ACCESS VIDEO

Watch an action scene from Mad Max: Fury Road.

See animation examples from Muybridge, Edison, and Po rter.

Watch a nearly three-hour cut of Intolerance.

Watch the documentary Final Cut: The Making and Unma king of Heaven’s Gate.

The cast of Singing in the Rain attempts to shoot their firs t “talking” scene.

Watch a short 1950 documentary on the Hollywood Ten.

Watch the trailer for The Artist.

Take a video walkthrough of Hogwarts at the Wizarding World of Harry Potter.

Watch the trailer for Sky Captain and the World of Tomo rrow.

Learn more about Bollywood films and watch a great mov ie clip.

AUDIO

Learn about new ways for movies to increase profits.

Jodie Foster on roles for strong women.

WEB

http://www.blastr.com/2015-5-4/warner-bros-unleashes-6-new-action-packed-mad-max-fury-road-clips-and-b-roll-footage
http://www.ralphehanson.com/2012/02/29/link-ch-8-silent-movies/
http://www.ralphehanson.com/2014/10/17/link-ch-8-d-w-griffiths-intolerance/
http://www.ralphehanson.com/2012/03/27/link-ch-8-final-cut-the-making-and-unmaking-of-heavens-gate/
http://ralphehanson.tumblr.com/post/18607398116/oh-pierre-you-shouldnt-have-come-filming
http://ralphehanson.tumblr.com/post/19990882660/who-were-the-hollywood-ten-a-short-documentary
http://www.ralphehanson.com/2012/04/02/link-ch-8-trailer-for-the-artist/
http://ralphehanson.tumblr.com/post/19992886084/a-video-walk-through-of-the-hogwarts-castle-at-the
http://ralphehanson.tumblr.com/post/20354255851/trailer-for-sky-captain-and-the-world-of-tomorrow
http://www.ralphehanson.com/2011/03/07/great-bollywood-example/
http://www.npr.org/2014/09/28/352261469/movie-theaters-hope-to-add-another-dimension-to-their-profits
http://www.npr.org/2016/05/13/477838606/jodie-foster-on-roles-for-strong-women-on-screen-and-off
Learn more about the current 3-D movie revival.

Get the most up-to-date box office figures.

Check out the box office and estimated costs of recent m ovies.

Check out #OscarsSoWhite and join the conversation.

Read several blog posts on the Bechdel Test and watch a great video explanation of it.

Find links to the source material for this Test Your Media Literacy box and ratings on Bully.

Examine the challenges Hollywood faces in attracting au diences.

Keep up-to-date with content from the author’s blog.

QUIZ

Take the Chapter Quiz

Chapter 9: Television

PREMIUM VIDEO

VIDEO CASE

Video Case 9.1: New technology at the Super Bowl.

Video Case 9.2: Content and new television technology.

Video Case 9.3: Impact of David Letterman.

Video Case 9.4: Television user flow.

http://www.ralphehanson.com/2011/08/05/3dmovies/
http://www.ralphehanson.com/2012/03/25/link-ch-8-top-of-the-movie-box-office/
http://www.boxofficemojo.com/yearly/
https://twitter.com/search?q=%23OSCARSSOWHIT
http://www.ralphehanson.com/tag/bechdel-test/
http://www.ralphehanson.com/2012/03/28/bully-r-rating/
http://www.ralphehanson.com/2012/03/12/link-ch-8-whats-killing-the-movies/
http://www.ralphehanson.com/category/chapter-8/
https://edge.sagepub.com/hanson6e/student-resources/chapter-8/quiz
OPEN ACCESS VIDEO

Watch classic I Love Lucy episodes online.

Watch a segment of Sesame Street featuring Star Trek’s Patrick Stewart.

Watch puppets explain how the Nielsen ratings system w orks.

Diversity at the 2016 Emmy Awards.

Check out which telenovelas are popular.

Watch Mary Tyler Moor dancing in capri pants.

Watch both the Janet Jackson and Nancy Grace wardrob e malfunctions.

AUDIO

Listen to On The Media’s Brooke Gladstone interview Un ivision anchor Jorge Ramos.

WEB

Learn more about Ted Turner and his legacy.

Read about a controversial article from the New York Ti mes that calls Shonda Rhimes an “angry black woman.” Read the Kaiser Foundation study “Generation M2: Medi a in the Lives of 8-to-18-Year-Olds.” Read the Kaiser Family Foundation study “Generation M 2: Media in the Lives of 8-to-18-Year-Olds.”

Read an interview with Joshua Meyrowitz.

Read about the settlement of the Janet Jackson indecenc y case before the Supreme Court.

25 ways to watch television.

http://www.ralphehanson.com/2014/10/17/link-ch-9-i-love-lucy/
http://ralphehanson.tumblr.com/post/21626161852/patrick-stewart-who-played-captain-picard-on-star
http://www.ralphehanson.com/2012/04/10/link-ch-9-puppets-explain-nielsen-ratings/
https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/arts-and-entertainment/wp/2016/09/19/the-emmys-are-proof-that-television-is-getting-more-diverse/
http://www.ralphehanson.com/2012/04/22/link-ch-9-univision-and-telenovelas/
http://www.ralphehanson.com/2012/10/19/mary-tyler-moore-on-the-dick-van-dyke-show/
http://www.ralphehanson.com/2012/01/21/link-ch-3-janet-jacksons-wardrobe-malfunction/
http://www.wnyc.org/story/jorge-ramos/
http://www.cnn.com/2013/06/10/us/ted-turner-fast-facts/
http://www.ralphehanson.com/2014/10/17/link-ch-9-ny-times-draws-controversy-calling-shonda-rhimes-an-angry-black-woman/
http://www.kff.org/entmedia/8010.cfm
http://www.kff.org/entmedia/8010.cfm
http://www.medialit.org/reading-room/altered-states-how-television-changes-childhood
http://www.ralphehanson.com/2012/06/29/httpthehill-comblogshillicon-valleytechnology235629-supreme-court-wont-take-up-janet-jackson-case/
http://www.npr.org/sections/monkeysee/2015/08/18/432715899/television-2015-with-25-ways-to-watch-tv-does-the-house-always-win
What do students mean when they say they are watching television?

Keep up-to-date with content from the author’s blog.

QUIZ

Take the Chapter Quiz

Chapter 10: Online Media

PREMIUM VIDEO

VIDEO CASE

Video Case 10.1: Technology of kitchen appliances.

Video Case 10.2: Watch a news clip about Facebook's re action emojis

Video Case 10.3: Department of Defense and hackers.

Video Case 10.4: Ashley Madison hack.

OPEN ACCESS VIDEO

Watch an interview with Tim Berners-Lee.

Watch video of Neda Agha-Soltan and read more about h er case.

AUDIO

Yik Yak Tests Universities’ Defense of Free Speech.

Listen to a discussion about diversity in video games.

http://www.ralphehanson.com/2013/11/01/what-is-television/
http://www.ralphehanson.com/category/chapter-9/
https://edge.sagepub.com/hanson6e/student-resources/chapter-9/quiz
https://www.c-span.org/video/?152949-1/weaving-web
http://www.ralphehanson.com/2012/06/05/1691/
http://www.npr.org/sections/alltechconsidered/2016/01/23/463197593/yik-yak-tests-universities-defense-of-free-speech
http://www.npr.org/2015/01/16/377756754/diversity-in-video-games
WEB

Read an interview with Paul Baran.

Maps of ARPAnet growth.

Visit the first World Wide Web site.

The World Wide Web turned 25 in 2014. How well is it a ging?

Read Zhao Jing’s full story.

Read about how social and mobile technology have transf ormed our online experience

Working with social media

Social media usage 2005-2015.

Twitter feeds to follow.

Who plays video games?

Read articles on social media privacy invasion.

Read and watch more about Pokémon Go.

Read the whole Pew report on home broadband access.

Keep up-to-date with content from the author’s blog.

QUIZ

Take the Chapter Quiz

Chapter 11: Advertising

http://www.wired.com/wired/archive/9.03/baran.html
http://www.ralphehanson.com/2012/06/05/link-ch-10-how-arpanet-grew/
http://info.cern.ch/
http://www.pewinternet.org/2014/02/27/the-web-at-25-in-the-u-s/
http://www.ralphehanson.com/2012/06/05/link-ch-10-zhao-jing-blogging-in-china/
http://www.pewinternet.org/three-technology-revolutions/
http://www.ralphehanson.com/2012/09/15/working-with-social-media/
http://www.pewinternet.org/2015/10/08/social-networking-usage-2005-2015/
http://www.ralphehanson.com/2011/01/12/some-great-twitter-feeds/
http://www.ralphehanson.com/2012/06/05/link-ch-10-who-plays-video-games/
http://www.ralphehanson.com/2012/03/16/link-ch-10-who-has-the-rights-to-your-social-media/
http://www.ralphehanson.com/2016/07/18/north-to-the-yukon-gotta-catch-em-all/
http://www.pewinternet.org/2015/12/21/home-broadband-2015/
http://www.ralphehanson.com/category/chapter-10/
https://edge.sagepub.com/hanson6e/student-resources/chapter-10/quiz
PREMIUM VIDEO

VIDEO CASE

Video Case 11.1: Macy’s Thanksgiving Day Parade and a dvertising.

Video Case 11.2: Future of advertising.

Video Case 11.3: Health warnings on soda.

Video Case 11.4: Target test store.

OPEN ACCESS VIDEO

Check out commercials with a list of famous advertising c atchphrases.

View examples of the classic ads.

See a collection of national ads

See the ads from American Apparel, Bud Light, and Guin ess.

Find out more about advertising legend David Ogilvy.

View several urban McDonald’s ads.

Take a look at some of the native ads discussed above.

Take a look at Kathryn Koegel’s analysis of successful mo bile advertising efforts, including the iButterfly campaign .

Check out examples of both punk polka and techno polka.

AUDIO

The black advertising pioneer who changed how markete

http://www.ralphehanson.com/2012/05/13/link-ch-11-advertising-catch-phrases/
http://www.ralphehanson.com/2012/05/13/link-ch-11-ad-council-public-service-ads/
http://www.ralphehanson.com/2012/03/29/link-ch-11-fun-commercials/
http://www.ralphehanson.com/2014/05/29/creativity-tastelessness-and-grabbing-the-advertising-audience/
http://www.ralphehanson.com/2012/05/14/link-ch-11-meet-david-ogilvy/
http://www.ralphehanson.com/2012/05/16/link-ch-11-mcdonalds-urban-marketing/
http://www.ralphehanson.com/2014/10/18/link-ch-11-native-ads/
http://www.ralphehanson.com/2011/02/16/finding-success-through-mobile-advertising/
http://www.ralphehanson.com/2012/05/17/link-ch-11-punk-polka-it-exists-as-does-techno-polka/
https://soundcloud.com/nprs-planet-money/episode-628-this-ads-for-you
rs talk to people of color.

TV networks hope new shows will attract advertisers.

WEB

Read more about Target’s targeting.

Check out vintage ads from the 1700s through the early 2000s.

Find out more about these advertising agencies.

Check out the selection of outdoor ads.

Want to know your own VALS category? Take the survey!

See how Mountain Dew’s ad featuring Felicia the Goat w ent terribly wrong.

Here are several ads from mainstream companies suppor ting gay marriage.

Check out claims of subliminal advertising.

See the latest on Super Bowl advertising.

Read the Institute of Medicine report on advertising food to children.

Keep up-to-date with content from the author’s blog.

QUIZ

Take the Chapter Quiz

Chapter 12: Public Relations

http://www.npr.org/2016/05/19/478643494/tv-networks-reveal-new-shows-hoping-to-attract-advertisers
http://www.ralphehanson.com/2012/02/16/privacy-in-the-digital-age-target-knows-that-high-school-girl-is-preggers-before-dad-does/
http://www.vintageadbrowser.com/
http://www.ralphehanson.com/2012/05/14/link-ch-11-top-american-ad-agencies/
http://www.ralphehanson.com/2012/05/14/link-ch-11-getting-creative-with-outdoor-ads/
http://www.strategicbusinessinsights.com/vals/presurvey.shtml
http://www.ralphehanson.com/2013/05/01/mountain-dew-offensive-ad/
http://www.huffingtonpost.com/news/gay-ads/
http://www.ralphehanson.com/2012/05/16/links-ch-11-claims-of-subliminal-advertising/
http://www.ralphehanson.com/tag/super-bowl/
http://www.ralphehanson.com/2012/05/16/link-ch-11-food-advertising-to-children/
http://www.ralphehanson.com/category/chapter-11/
https://edge.sagepub.com/hanson6e/student-resources/chapter-11/quiz
PREMIUM VIDEO

VIDEO CASE

Video Case 12.1: Public relations events.

Video Case 12.2: The NFL and concussions.

Video Case 12.3: A day in the life of a PR Account Execut ive.

Video Case 12.4: Watch a news clip about the impact of P ope Francis.

OPEN ACCESS VIDEO

Learn more about Edward L. Bernays.

Watch how West Virginia University handles public relati ons.

Find out how Domino’s and Pizza Hut reacted to ugly vid eos created by rogue employees.

AUDIO

Mizzou Football and the Power of the Players

Lobbyists Loom Behind the Scenes of School Nutrition Fi ght.

WEB

Read the original story about Rita Hayworth and Rihanna .

The Public Relations Society of America defines public rel ations.

http://www.ralphehanson.com/2012/05/09/link-ch-12-edward-l-bernays-the-father-of-spin/
http://www.ralphehanson.com/2012/05/07/link-ch-12-west-virginia-university-pr/
http://www.ralphehanson.com/2012/05/09/link-ch-12-dominos-deals-with-social-media-crisis/
http://www.npr.org/2015/11/18/456360331/commentary-mizzou-football-and-the-power-of-the-players
http://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2014/06/11/320753007/behind-the-scenes-of-school-nutrition-fight-big-food-money-flows
http://www.ralphehanson.com/2012/01/02/truth-4-nothings-new-rihanna-and-rita-hayworth-beautiful-sexy-and-not-winning-an-award/
http://www.prsa.org/AboutPRSA/PublicRelationsDefined/
Review five things everyone should know about PR.

Examine how Exxon and BP handled public relations duri ng the major spills.

Review lessons learned from an Apple PR executive.

Learn how Dr. King demonstrated his understanding of p ublic relations.

Keep up-to-date with content from the author’s blog.

QUIZ

Take the Chapter Quiz

Chapter 13: Media Law

PREMIUM VIDEO

VIDEO CASE

Video Case 13.1: Gag rules for online reviews.

Video Case 13.2: USA Patriot Act.

Video Case 13.3: Ted Cruz mobile app.

Video Case 13.4: Digital culture and copyright.

OPEN ACCESS VIDEO

Watch a segment about cameras in the courtroom.

AUDIO

Mom Asks: Who Will Unlock Murdered Daughter’s iPho ne?

http://www.forbes.com/sites/robertwynne/2016/01/21/five-things-everyone-should-know-about-public-relations/#6196e633436b
http://www.ralphehanson.com/2012/05/09/link-ch-12-exxon-valdez-and-deepwater-horizon-bp-pr-disasters/
http://www.huffingtonpost.com/cameron-craig/one-more-thing-i-learned-_b_11340682.html
http://www.ralphehanson.com/tag/mlk/
http://www.ralphehanson.com/category/chapter-12/
https://edge.sagepub.com/hanson6e/student-resources/chapter-12/quiz
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fJ9prhPV2PI
http://www.npr.org/sections/alltechconsidered/2016/03/30/472302719/mom-asks-who-will-unlock-her-murdered-daughters-iphone
Listen to more on the Citizens United case.

What a “Goodnight Moon” Spinoff Tells Us About Copyri ght Law.

WEB

Interview with Apple CEO Tim Cook about iPhone access for FBI.

Read more about the USA Patriot Act.

Read the court’s opinon on New York Times v. Sullivan.

Learn more about libel, privacy and social media.

More on privacy laws and photographers.

Read more about Falwell v. Flynt

Free speech and students.

What are the implications of Hazelwood 25 years later?

Read about students getting expelled for posting online.

An example of why bloggers matter.

Is this the copyright law revision we need?

Have you read your social media Terms of Service lately?

Keep up-to-date with content from the author’s blog.

QUIZ

Take the Chapter Quiz

http://www.ralphehanson.com/2012/05/24/link-ch-13-is-spending-money-speech-a-look-at-citizens-united-case/
http://www.npr.org/sections/money/2016/06/16/482214814/what-a-goodnight-moon-spinoff-tells-us-about-copyright-law
http://abcnews.go.com/Technology/exclusive-apple-ceo-tim-cook-iphone-cracking-software/story?id=37173343
http://www.ralphehanson.com/2014/10/18/link-ch-13-patriot-act-readings/
http://www.nytimes.com/1964/03/10/text-of-the-supreme-courts-opinion-in-libel-case-against-the-new-york-times.html
http://www.ralphehanson.com/2014/10/18/link-ch-13-libel-privacy-social-media/
http://www.ralphehanson.com/2012/05/26/link-ch-13-photography-and-privacy-around-the-united-states/
http://www.ralphehanson.com/2012/05/27/link-ch-13-remembering-the-case-of-falwell-v-flynt/
http://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2016/04/first-amendment-college-campus-millennials/477171/
http://www.ralphehanson.com/2013/01/14/the-hazelwood-decisions-25th-anniversary/
http://www.ralphehanson.com/2012/05/28/ch-13-links-students-expelled-for-what-they-post-online/
http://www.ralphehanson.com/2014/04/16/who-is-the-press/
http://www.ralphehanson.com/2013/05/20/could-this-be-the-copyright-law-update-we-need/
http://www.ralphehanson.com/2014/10/18/link-ch-13-who-owns-your-social-media-content/
http://www.ralphehanson.com/category/chapter-13/
https://edge.sagepub.com/hanson6e/student-resources/chapter-13/quiz
Chapter 14: Media Ethics

PREMIUM VIDEO

VIDEO CASE

Video Case 14.1: Moral injury.

Video Case 14.2: Journalistic ethics.

Video Case 14.3: Advertising and ethics.

Video Case 14.4: Erin Andrews trial.

OPEN ACCESS VIDEO

See a multimedia 9/11 retrospective.

Watch Spock explain the principle of utility.

Watch and read about the Frey fabrication.

Watch an interview with Jose Vargas.

AUDIO

Media struggles with reporting gunman’s name.

BBC reporter arrested for talking to Qatar’s World Cup workers.

WEB

See coverage of a variety of sports injuries.

The role of tabloids in political campaigns.

Read the Press Herald apologies.

http://www.ralphehanson.com/2011/09/13/sept-11-2001-retrospective/
http://www.ralphehanson.com/2012/05/21/link-ch-14-spock-explains-principle-of-utility/
http://www.ralphehanson.com/2012/02/14/link-ch-4-a-million-little-memoir-fabrications/
http://www.ralphehanson.com/2011/06/29/jose-vargas-immigration-and-journalistic-truth-telling/
http://www.npr.org/2016/06/15/482206165/dont-say-their-name-media-struggles-with-reporting-on-orlando-gunman
http://www.npr.org/2015/05/22/408680072/talking-to-qatar-s-world-cup-workers-gets-bbc-reporter-arrested
http://www.ralphehanson.com/tag/sports-injury-photos/
http://www.npr.org/2016/03/25/471913749/tabloid-allegations-again-fly-in-a-political-campaign-and-why-no-one-can-look-aw
http://www.ralphehanson.com/2010/09/21/apologies-ramadan-911/
Ethics in photography.

Visit the website for the Organization of News Ombuds men.

View codes of ethics in the communications industry.

Visit the ethical guidance from the Public Relations Socie ty of America.

Guide to #gamergate.

Keep up-to-date with content from the author’s blog.

QUIZ

Take the Chapter Quiz

Chapter 15: Global Media

PREMIUM VIDEO

VIDEO CASE

Video Case 15.1: Freedom of the press index.

Video Case 15.2: Cuban Political Shift.

Video Case 15.3: Murals created to show human rights in Iran.

Video Case 15.4: Watch a news clip covering President O bama's visit to Ethiopia.

AUDIO

Listen to discussion of Iranian court’s ruling on the Rezai an case.

https://photographylife.com/the-importance-of-ethics-in-photography
http://newsombudsmen.org/
http://www.ralphehanson.com/2012/05/22/link-ch-14-codes-of-ethics/
https://www.prsa.org/aboutprsa/ethics/#.V3ZwgWPLRo4
http://time.com/3305466/male-female-harassment-online/
http://www.ralphehanson.com/category/chapter-14/
https://edge.sagepub.com/hanson6e/student-resources/chapter-14/quiz
http://www.npr.org/2015/10/12/447911168/iranian-court-rules-on-rezaian-case-but-verdict-isnt-released
Why we didn’t see the Charlie Hebdo cartoons.

What are the restrictions on journalists in Russia?

Listen to how a committee to protect journalists was bloc ked by a U.N. Panel.

WEB

Read about press freedom around the world.

Compare and contrast media outlets.

Balancing free speech, public safety and ethnic violence i n age of social media

Read about BBC programming.

Read the Guardian’s story on how and why they altered t he photo.

Read more about the dangers of reporting from Syria.

Al Jazeera news.

Media use in the Middle East.

Explore the BBC’s Africa coverage.

Read the latest on press freedom in Russia.

Read about media censorship in China.

Review the violations of press freedom barometer.

Keep up-to-date with content from the author’s blog.

QUIZ

Take the Chapter Quiz

http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2015/01/10/376098073/why-youre-not-seeing-those-charlie-hebdo-cartoons
http://www.npr.org/sections/parallels/2016/04/26/475634042/for-journalists-in-russia-no-one-really-knows-what-is-allowed
http://www.npr.org/sections/parallels/2016/05/27/479740466/u-n-panel-blocks-accreditation-bid-by-committee-to-protect-journalists
https://rsf.org/en/ranking
http://www.ralphehanson.com/2012/05/29/link-ch-15-differing-views-of-world-news/
http://www.ralphehanson.com/2014/07/14/dealing-globally-with-free-speech/
http://www.ralphehanson.com/2012/05/30/link-ch-15-the-bbc/
http://www.guardian.co.uk/media/2004/mar/12/pressandpublishing.spain
http://www.ralphehanson.com/2014/10/19/link-ch-15-dangers-of-reporting-from-syria/
http://www.aljazeera.com/connect/
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qOs5eArRG7M
http://www.bbc.com/news/world/africa/
http://www.cpj.org/europe/russia/
http://www.cfr.org/china/media-censorship-china/p11515
https://rsf.org/en/barometer
http://www.ralphehanson.com/category/chapter-15/
https://edge.sagepub.com/hanson6e/student-resources/chapter-15/quiz
p.xx

PREFACE

Many of the defining moments of our lives come from our shared experiences with the media. It could be witnessing mass shootings through social media coverage, experiencing the thrill of Olympic competition viewed streaming on the Internet, going to the latest Marvel Cinematic Universe movie as the backdrop to a first date, or hearing ‘that’ song from the summer you turned sixteen. For my generation, it was the moon walk. Parents all across the United States let their nine-year-olds stay up way past their bedtimes to watch on television the biggest show of their lives—Apollo 11 astronaut Neil Armstrong setting foot on the moon. On September 11, 2001, my son and his fellow fifth-grade classmates sat mesmerized by news coverage of the airplanes crashing into the World Trade Center twin towers, the Pentagon, and a field in southwestern Pennsylvania. Some parents questioned whether their children ought to have watched these events, but my son said, “We begged the teacher to keep the TV on. We had to know.” As I write this, my former fifth-grader is a graduate student who has lived in Canada, Europe and Asia with a global perspective brought on in part by that fateful day in 2001. I’ve reached the point with my freshmen where their earliest major media memories are no longer 9/11. That’s now something that has just always been. Now their top media memory might be watching Blue’s Clues, Disney’s The Little Mermaid, or listening to Michael Jackson songs on the radio their parents.

Then there are the myriad trivial aspects of everyday life that come from our time with the media: finding the perfect little café through restaurant review site Yelp, listening to the opening night of Jimmy Buffett’s summer tour on satellite radio, or arguing on the Internet over who should be the top pick in your fantasy football league.

The media world we inhabit is constantly changing, as is our relationship with the media. In my first job as a college professor, I taught a course in media effects. On the first day of class, a student raised his hand and asked, “When do we get to

the part where we talk about how television turns people into zombies?” His question has stayed with me through the years because it represents the view many people have about the media. The student’s attitude had been fostered by media critics with an agenda—getting elected to office, getting a regulation approved, promoting a product, or even pushing a moral choice. I have long taken the view that the successful study of mass communication is also a journey of self-awareness. We are students of media and also players in a media world.

Approach of the Book

A study conducted by the Zenith Optima in 2015 shows that people spend an average of more than eight hours a day interacting with mass media of one form or another. Time wise, the biggest medium is television, but in terms of growth, it’s online media – much of it mobile.

Mass Communication: Living in a Media World views the media in our world not as isolated institutions that somehow “do something” to us, but rather as forces that are central to how we live, work, and play. The media are not outside influences; they are part of who we are. From mobile media devices to streaming video, the pervasiveness of mass communication in our daily lives complicates our ability to understand the media’s rich history of technical, cultural, sociological, political, economic, and artistic achievements. Mass Communication reveals the forces that drive the industry, while at the same time motivating readers to think critically about how they consume media. It uses compelling stories and examples drawn from everyday life. Readers are encouraged to consider the media industry from the inside out and, in so doing, to explore the many dimensions of mass communication that operate in our society.

p.xxi

My students over the years have told me that they remember information better if it is presented as a story, and so I strive to be a storyteller. The narrative style of this book will help motivate students to do the reading and facilitate their recall of the material. Many of the Test Your Media Literacy exercises are based on writing assignments I’ve used in classroom settings, as well as in more writing-intensive online sections. These

exercises connect the material from the book to the media that students use every day, and students say that these assignments make them really think about how they experience the media.

Organization

The book is organized into five parts, each examining critical dimensions that comprise the world of mass communication. Part I: Introduction to the Media presents the institutions, social effects, and business workings of the media in order to lay the foundation for understanding mass communication. Part II: Print Media explores the development of mass literacy and mass communication and what has traditionally been the paper- oriented print media, including newspapers, books, and magazines. Part III: Electronic Media covers the media of sound and motion, from radio and music to movies, television, and online. Part IV: Strategic Communication delves into the advertising and public relations industries. Part V: Regulation and Control of the Media looks at the institutions, conventions, and rules that regulate and control the media in the United States and around the world, critiques normative theories of the press in various countries, and looks at how the media operate around the globe.

Most of the chapters about the individual print or electronic media (Parts II and III) are organized around the same basic structure. Following an opening vignette come four major sections:

1. How the medium developed along with major changes in society and culture. More than just a history of the medium, this section considers how societal, cultural, and technological elements came together to create the medium we have today.

2. How the medium operates within the business and social world. This section looks at why the medium behaves the way it does within our economy.

3. Current issues and controversies between the medium and society. These often include issues involving media effects, such as the concern about the influence of fashion magazines on a young woman’s body image or the influence of rock and rap lyrics on listeners.

4. The future of the medium, including the effects mobile technology and the long tail have had on it.

New to the Sixth Edition

We live in a media world that is constantly changing. My chief goal in writing this sixth edition, in addition to comprehensively updating the material, was to reflect the big changes taking place within the media industry, especially with the rising importance of online and mobile media. The sixth edition of Mass Communication deals with this period of rapid change with several new elements, including the first major update to the Seven Secrets ‘They’ Don’t Want You To Know About The Media; a strengthened focus on online, mobile and social media; a strengthened focus on critical/cultural theory; many new or substantially revised chapter opening vignettes; some reorganization of content; and a fresh approach to the interactive e-book. Below are the details about these new offerings, as well as information on some returning features.

The New Seven Secrets—Four editions ago, I introduced what were then called the Seven Truths ‘They’ Don’t Want You To Know About The Media. These were designed to highlight in a fun way several principles of media literacy that serve as common themes throughout the book. But other than moving from being ‘truths’ to ‘secrets,’ they’d stayed largely unchanged since 2006. But as I note in Chapter 1, the media world has not stood still since then. Video streaming, the pervasiveness of touchscreen smartphones, the rise of tablet computing, and the importance of social media have all become vastly more important.

p.xxii

So it became clear that it was time to update the Seven Secrets to better match this changing media world. So there are still just seven secrets, but numbers 5 and 6 are all-new. These secrets all deal with what the media are, who controls the media, how media content is selected, why the media behave the way they do, and how society and the media interact with each other. The New Seven Secrets are:

SECRET 1 The media are essential components of our lives.

SECRET 2 There are no mainstream media.

SECRET 3 Everything from the margin moves to the center.

SECRET 4 Nothing’s new: Everything that happened in the past will happen again.

SECRET 5 All media are social.

SECRET 6 Online media are mobile media.

SECRET 7 There is no “they.”

The secrets are presented in depth in the last section of Chapter 1, and they recur, when relevant, in the subsequent chapters to remind students of these concepts and also to serve as a springboard for discussions or writing assignments. These important principals of media literacy are highlighted to call attention to where the Seven Secrets appear throughout the chapters, reminding readers to be attentive and thoughtful.

Updated Media Transformations Boxes—These boxes use a combination of text and visual graphics to help students understand the rapid rate of media changes over recent decades. Each Media Transformations feature includes text telling the story of one specific transformation such as how the transmission of news from disasters at Mt. Everest from the time of Into Thin Air in 1996 to the earthquake in 2015 changed, how e-books are changing the publishing industry, how podcasts are blurring the line between radio and online content, and how Netflix and other streaming services are transforming the way we define “watching television” in the twenty-first century. Many of these Media Transformations were inspired by changes that have happened since the first edition of his book came out more than 10 years ago. Each story is accompanied by a fresh infographic that shows the broader picture of the

transformation.

Interactive Chapter Timelines—The chapter timelines are now exclusive to the interactive ebook. As in the previous edition, these timelines summarize major events in the development of mass communication and place them within the context of other major historical dates. We have now made these chapter timelines “clickable” in the new edition and hope that they will better allow students to integrate their knowledge of world history with the parallel development of mass media. The timelines preview important dates in mass-media history that are detailed elsewhere in the chapter.

New Chapter-Opening Vignettes—Eleven brand new stories about key figures in the media provide a powerful narrative thread exemplifying the major themes of each chapter. These vignettes convey the excitement and relevance of media studies and critical enquiry by way of those whose lives have been profoundly affected by the media. New vignettes include video game social media phenom PewDiePie, singer/songwriters Doug and Telisha Williams who are navigating their way through the changing world of the music business, Marvel’s Black Panther comics, and the struggle that happens when university conversations turn to race.

Mobile Media—This edition includes a strengthened emphasis on dominant role the mobile media are playing in how we consume both legacy and new types of media. More than two- thirds of all Americans go online with mobile devices like smartphones or tablets. Many online sites are finding they have more mobile traffic than connections from traditional computers. And mobile media have moved us from the need-to- connect of dial-up service, to the always-on of broadband, to the access-everywhere of mobile Internet.

p.xxiii

Social Media—Throughout the book I take a more nuanced look at social media and how they are used not only on their own but as a tool for existing media to interact with their audiences. With the new Secret 5: All media are social, we are also reminded that there has always been a social element of media use, long before we had online social media. We look at how media recall is enhanced by social interaction, how being able to discuss issues

anonymously changes the rhetoric (and usually not for the better), and how marketers depend on their best customers for social promotion. The roles of social media and interaction are integrated throughout the book.

Global Media—The sixth edition contains takes a fresh look at Middle Eastern and North African media based on newly publish data on media use in that under-studied section of the world. As technology continues to change, so too do the boundaries on information that is available to media and consumers.

Review Questions—The central concepts that were listed at the end of each chapter have been converted to review questions. These questions will encourage students to apply critical thinking skills to examples of mass communication from literature and popular culture.

Updated Chapters—Each chapter has been thoroughly updated to include new developments, new scholarship, and recent events in mass communication. Highlights of the revisions include:

Chapter 1, Living in a Media World, has a new opening vignette dealing with social media star PewDiePie and introduces The New Seven Secrets ‘They’ Don’t Want You To Know About The Media.

Chapter 2, Mass Communication Effects, has an expanded section on critical/cultural theory.

Chapter 3, The Media Business, has a new opening vignette that looks at the success of the band Wild Ponies as musicians inhabiting the long tail of the media marketplace. It also introduces the concept of “1,000 true fans” and looks at how Google has reimagined itself as now being part of a larger company named Alphabet.

Chapter 4, Books, opens with a look at how National Book Award winner Ta-Nehisi Coates when from winning a MacCarthur Foundation “genius grant” to writing the reboot of the Black Panther super hero comic for Marvel. There is also a fun look at the latest words to enter the Oxford English Dictionary, including “hot mess” and

“photobomb.” (Hot mess is much older than you think!)

Chapter 5, Magazines, looks at how Vanity Fair magazine and famed photographer Annie Leibovitz created one of 2015’s most important covers with her image of Caitlin Jenner in a corset. There is also an updated look at how magazines and other media deal with a range of ideas about women and body image.

Chapter 6, Newspapers and the News, takes a look at how the news media did (and did not) cover the Flint, Michigan, water crisis, as well as taking a new approach to discussing media bias by looking at how media use differs for liberals and conservatives.

Chapter 8, Movies, examines the debate over the merits of practical vs. digital special effects in summer action movies such as Mad Max: Fury Road. It also takes an expanded look at how dialog for male and female characters differs in Disney princess films.

Chapter 10, Online Media, takes an expanded look at the roles that video games make in our online media. It also takes a reconceived look at the nature of our online media, with an increased focus on mobile media.

Chapter 14, Media Ethics, has more coverage on issues of race and gender, looking at how press were treated by police in Ferguson, Missouri, and examining the #GamerGate controversy.

Chapter 15, Global Media, has a fresh look at media use statistics from the Middle East and North Africa.

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Returning Favorites

While some of the book’s new features were described above, the sixth edition contains many returning features and coverage that have been updated to enhance and improve upon the existing content.

Chapter Objectives—Learning objectives appear at the start of each chapter and call out key topics for close, focused reading. Students can refer back to them for study guidance as well.

Test Your Media Literacy Boxes—There’s no better way to cultivate critical media consumers than by modeling critical thinking. These boxes present students with current research, interviews, and issues relating to the practice of mass communication, and ask questions that challenge students to evaluate and analyze the story being told. The readings are engaging and fun, but more important, the questions get students to do more than summarize what they’ve read—they encourage them to think.

Test Your Visual Media Literacy Boxes—These boxes showcase images—sometimes controversial—from various media to seek instinctive reactions from students before providing context and questions that encourage critical assessment of how we see and interpret images, and what more may be behind them. Both media literacy boxes are supplemented with up-to-the-minute additions and further related information through my blog at http://ralphehanson.com.

Questioning the Media Feature—This marginal feature poses critical-thinking questions that address current media issues and encourage students to consider how they use and consume media and develop their own opinions.

Global Media Icon— Globe icons next to major headings in the Table of Contents give a quick overview of where global media developments and issues are addressed throughout the books, and are shown next to the same headings in the text to cue readers to look for upcoming global media content.

Chapter Summary—Each chapter concludes with a brief recap of important points to assist students in reviewing key themes, events, and concepts.

Key Terms—Boldface terms are defined in the margins, and a list of key terms—with page references—appears at the end of each chapter to make the terms easy to locate.

http://ralphehanson.com
Living in a Media World’s Social Media

Located at http://ralphehanson.com, my blog Living in a Media World covers the entire mass communication field and has been linked to by national Web sites, including FishbowlDC, Wonkette, Gawker, Eat the Press, and USA Today’s On Deadline. One of the blog’s biggest benefits to you is that it provides a single destination for up-to-date material on the topics covered in this book. It also provides links to current multimedia features created by media outlets across the country. Think of it as a clearing house for current media news and features. You may also find examples of new assignments or early versions of new book features on the blog as well.

The Living in a Media World blog has now been joined by several other social media feeds. You can follow me on Twitter (https://t witter.com/ralphehanson) for daily links to media news and whatever else I’m reading. I generally tag my tweets that tie most closely to this book with the hashtag #liamw (for Living In A Media World), as occasionally do other teachers and students. (Expect links to Web comics and motorcycle news to make an occasional appearance.) I also have a Tumblr (http://ralphehanso n.tumblr.com) that will feature a lot of great video clips that work well as a pre-class feature, along with photos and other images I’ve found online or created myself. Typical content includes music clips, viral videos, memes, and commentary on geek culture. The Tumblr tends to be a bit less focused than the blog and sometimes includes photos I’ve taken. Finally, this book has a Facebook page (https://www.facebook.com/livinginamedia world) where you can share materials and find links to what I’ve been posting about on the blog and on Tumblr.