Lolwa meaning

School of Engineering

Department of Petroleum Engineering

nvironnemental Protection – Summer 2020

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Topic

Nanotechnology and wastewater treatment

Weekly Report

1

Supervisor:

Dr. Rana Malhas

Student Name:

Loulwah Al-Ajmi

ID

1515808

SPE number

5160957

Section

G4P1

Group Number

A

Date of Submission: Wednesday 8th July 2020

Table of Contents 1.1 Week 1 Tasks: 4 I. Environmental protection 4 II. Types of water pollution 4  Ground Water 5  Surface water 6  Ocean water 6  Point source water pollution 6  Non-point source water pollution 7  Transboundary water pollution 7 III. Conventional wastewater treatment methods 8  Preliminary stage (Screening): 9  Primary stage: 10  Secondary stage: 12  Coagulation & Flocculation 12  Tertiary stage: 13 1.2 Results and discussion 14 1.3 Reflection: 15 1.4 References: 16

List of figures

Figure 1. Groundwater Pollution (Rifshat Islam 2006) 5

Figure 2. Water Pollution Types (Earn 2005) 7

Figure 3. Conventional wastewater treatment process (Sewage) ( Aditya Kumar, 2018) 8

Figure 4.Bar screens Figure 5. Grit Chamber (Dr. Rjaendra Singh 2014) 9

Figure 6. Skimming tanks (Dr. Rjaendra Singh 2014) 10

Figure 7. Sedimentation tank (Quach-Cu,2017) 11

Figure 8. Neutralization step (Scientific Expert 2020) 11

Figure 9.: Coagulation and Flocculation (Félicien Mazille 2019) 12

Figure 10. Tertiary treatment Sharma, N. (2019). 13

1.1 Week 1 Tasks:
Environmental protection
The environment around us is represented by land, water, air, living creatures, microbes, plants and humans and all of them are linked together by a specific ecosystem. Since we are an integral part of the environment, we have to protect what surround us from any imbalance or abnormal phenomena which will cause the disruption in the ecosystem. However, the world is facing many problems in trying to protect the environment, one of those problem is the depletion of potable water or fresh water. Water pollution poses a considerable threat to the ecosystem and sustenance of life. The main reason of all environmental pollutions is the human activity. The human activities are disturbing the environmental balance which will lead to endanger the existence of the life in the earth. In our world, there are excessive amount of water pollution and wastewater which considered to be a challenge in the environmental protection sector. Environmental protection can be defined as the self-restriction to obey the government policies and procedures in order to conserve and protect all the natural resources. Self-restriction can be represented by having the intensity of the environmental awareness to preserve healthy and youthful level of the surrounding natural resources without affecting the standard limitation of polluting the environment. One of the major problems that we are facing today is water pollution. The reason behind taking this problem into a serious scenario is because the water is covering almost 71% of the earth surface and the oceanic water represent almost 96.5% of Earth’s water. It includes water bodies like ocean, rivers, lakes, ponds and streams. (Earn, M. 2005)

Types of water pollution
Today, water pollution has a significant effect on the environment this is because there almost 80% of the waste water is dumped back into the fresh water sources and pollute the environment which will lead to have unhealthy ecosystem because of the untreated water. All types of water pollution will be jeopardizing the human health, not only the human health, but the life of all the leaving creatures on our planet. First of all, water pollution happens when the unwanted or toxic materials usually microorganisms or harmful chemicals enters the water body sources. Water pollution can be classified into many types or categories, starting with the ground water (Earn, M. 2005)

· Ground Water
Ground water is the water stored inside the crevices and porous space of an aquifer, or, the water stored beneath the earth surface. The original source of this water is rain falls which seeps into the earth cracks and crevices filling it with water. Ground water considered as one of the most important sources of fresh water, and in some areas, it is the only source of fresh water. The ground water pollution occurs when the pollutants are released into the ground and start violate the fresh water. When the ground water is contaminated it is nearly impossible to treat and becomes unusable instantly. As shown in figure below, It is very important to understand that when ground water is polluted or contaminated it spread far away from the original source seeps into other water sources such as lakes and streams which will result in contaminating of these areas. (Melissa Denchak 2018)

images of groundwater pollution - Yahoo Image Search Results ...

Figure 1. Groundwater Pollution (Rifshat Islam 2006)

· Surface water
Surface water is covering almost about 71% of the earth, it consists of oceans, lakes, lagoons, rivers and any water source that occur on the earth surface. A recent study done by the U.S Environmental Protection Agency stated that nearly half of the surface water from fresh water sources in the U.S is polluted and unsuitable for the human activity it is unfit for drinking, fishing and even swimming which gives us an idea about how the waste is being bumped into waterways without any treatment. This pollution is manly caused by activities such as farm waste, fertilizer ran off, and random junk that is being dumped by individuals. Also, industrial and toxic waste from many factories and companies have a huge effect in causing surface water pollution. (Melissa Denchak 2018)

· Ocean water
Oceans are the heart of the subwater streams in the life of our planet. Ocean pollution usually happens along the coast or deep inland. The mean cause of ocean pollution or also known as marine pollution is the contaminations that are being carried by rivers streams and lakes into the ocean. These contaminations may contain unwanted materials like; chemicals, nutrients, acids, and heavy metals that may travel by streams from cities into the ocean. Other causes of marine pollution are oil and toxic spells which may spread to cover a large area and damage the marine life. (Melissa Denchak 2018)

· Point source water pollution