Mass communication living in a media world sixth edition pdf

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MAKE YOUR COURSE FRESH AND ENGAGING!

KEEP YOUR COURSE CURRENT!

New sections on critical theory, communicating in the age of emoji, Amazon’s impact on the publishing industry, and more!

New original infographics that highlight data and trends in media transformations.

Eleven new chapter-opening vignettes including PewDiePie, the Wild Ponies, Marvel’s Black Panther comics, and Caitlyn Jenner’s Vanity Fair magazine cover.

Seven Secrets “They” Don’t Want You To Know About The Media has been updated to reflect the growing importance of mobile and social media.

Increased global coverage using new data for social and legacy media in the Middle East and North Africa.

SAGE PREMIUM VIDEO Boost comprehension. Bolster analysis.

Mass Communication, Sixth Edition by Ralph E.

Hanson offers premium video, curated specifically for the text, to make learning more effective for all types of students. Accessed through a FREE Interactive eBook (when purchased with a new copy of the text), students go way beyond highlighting and note-taking.

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INTRIGUING REAL WORLD EXAMPLES!

IMPROVE STUDENTS’ CRITICAL- THINKING SKILLS THROUGH APPLICATION

Test Your Media Literacy boxes ask students to read about current research, interviews, data, or events, and then answer questions that encourage critical thinking.

Test Your Visual Media

Literacy boxes showcase images from various media, seeking instinctive reactions from readers, before providing context and questions that encourage critical assessment.

Questioning the Media: These critical thinking questions, in the margin of every main section of the text, provide useful moments to stop and think, addressing current media issues and encouraging students to consider how we use and consume media.

CAPTURE YOUR STUDENTS’ ATTENTION WITH COMPELLING STORIES Capture your students’ attention with compelling stories about people at the center of newsworthy events by assigning chapter-opening vignettes

reflecting the latest media news.

The media’s role in the Flint Water Crisis

How Serial shook up the podcasting industry

Yik Yak’s influence on college campuses

Mad Max: Fury Road on real actors doing their action scenes

Mizzou campus protests

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PRAISE FOR MASS COMMUNICATION: LIVING IN A MEDIA WORLD

“It is a PERFECT TEXT in that it covers everything related to mass communication but more importantly focuses on the importance of media literacy in understanding one’s world and one’s thoughts.”

—Kim Mac Innis Bridgewater State University

“This is a great text. The topics are presented in a very thoughtful order. The chapters are thorough, yet very MANAGEABLE to cover during class lectures on a tight semester timeframe.”

—Rick Bebout Reed College of Media, West Virginia

University

“I have really liked this text. It’s easy to teach, FRESH, CURRENT, and features graphics that I feel reflect the material and the current state of media comm as it stands.”

—Christopher T. Gullen Westfield State University

“This is a QUALITY INTRODUCTION and overview to a sprawling field that involves many disciplines.”

—Tim J. Anderson Old Dominion University

“This has it ALL! I can’t think of anything else I want in a textbook.”

—Karl Babij DeSales University

“The Hanson text’s narrative approach allows the work to be both ACCESSIBLE AND THOROUGH. From the opening vignettes through the multiple ‘added’ content in the form of secrets, media literacy sections, and media transformation cutouts, Hanson’s text manages to weave complex mass communication phenomena into coherent story about how the media came to look the way it does.”

—Aaron Heresco California Lutheran University

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To Matt, Howard and Mike Let’s go ride

SAGE was founded in 1965 by Sara Miller McCune to support the dissemination of usable knowledge by publishing innovative and high-quality research and teaching content. Today, we publish over 900 journals, including those of more than 400 learned societies, more than 800 new books per year, and a growing range of library products including archives, data, case studies, reports, and video. SAGE remains majority-owned by our founder, and after Sara’s lifetime will become owned by a charitable trust that secures our continued independence.

Los Angeles | London | New Delhi | Singapore | Washington DC | Melbourne

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Copyright © 2017 by SAGE Publications, Inc.

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher.

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CONTENTS

Preface Acknowledgments About the Author

PART I: INTRODUCTION TO THE MEDIA

AP/Hannah McKay

Chapter 1. Living in a Media World

Levels of Communication Intrapersonal Communication Interpersonal Communication Group Communication Mass Communication A Mix of Levels

Elements of Mass Communication The Players in the Mass Communication Process

• Media Transformations: When Media Connect Us to the Most Remote Places on Earth

Contemporary Models of Mass Communication Evolution of the Media World

Before Print: Pre–Mass Media Communication Networks Print: Arrival of the Book Electronic Networks: Telegraph, Gramophone, Radio, Movi

es, and Television

• Test Your Media Literacy: Can Television Take Anything Seriously?

Online and Mobile Media: Interactive Communication Understanding the Media World Defining Media Literacy The New Seven Secrets About the Media “They” Don’t Wan

t You to Know

• Test Your Media Literacy: What Did the Media’s Future Look Like in the Past?

Chapter Summary Key Terms Review Questions

Chapter 2. Mass Communication Effects: How Society and Media Interact

History of Media Effects Research Rise of Mass Society Propaganda and the Direct Effects Model

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Voter Studies and the Limited Effects Model

• Test Your Visual Media Literacy: The Messages in Propa ganda

The Importance of Meaning and the Critical/Cultural Model Effects of the Media in Our Lives Message Effects Medium Effects Ownership Effects Active Audience Effects

Theories of Media and Society Functional Analysis

Agenda Setting Uses and Gratifications Theory Social Learning Symbolic Interactionism

• Test Your Media Literacy: Where Are the Rey Star Wars Toys?

Spiral of Silence Media Logic

• Media Transformations: Cultivation Theory Cultivation Analysis

Chapter Summary Key Terms Review Questions

Wild Ponies

Chapter 3. The Media Business: Consolidation, Globali zation, and the Long Tail

The Development of the Media Business in the United States A Tradition of Private Ownership The Growth of National News

Big Media: The Legacy Conglomerates Disney: The Mouse That Grew News Corporation and 21st Century Fox: A Worldwide G iant Splits in Two

Time Warner: Starting the Trend That Smaller Is Better Viacom and CBS: A Generational Change

Bertelsmann: The World’s Largest Publisher Big Media: The New Players Comcast/NBC Universal: Cable Buys Broadcaster Alphabet: Google and Company

• Test Your Media Literacy: Google’s Core Principles • Media Transformations: Who Are Our Media? Apple: Reinventing the Media

Media Economics and the Long Tail The Short Head Versus the Long Tail Characteristics of the Long Tail

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Consequences of the Long Tail Big Players in the Long Tail

Who Controls the Media? Owners Advertisers Government Special Interest Groups News Sources Audiences

Chapter Summary Key Terms Review Questions

PART II: PRINT MEDIA

Kathy Willens/AP Images

Chapter 4. Books: The Birth of the Mass Media

The Development of the Book and Mass Communication Early Books and Writing

• Test Your Visual Media Literacy: Emojis Bring Back Pict ure Writing

The Development of the Printing Press The Invention of Mass Culture

• Test Your Visual Media Literacy: How Do Words Get Int o the Dictionary?

Books in the New World The Development of Large-Scale, Mass-Produced Books

Buying and Selling Books Publishers Authors Booksellers Books and the Long Tail The Textbook Business

Books and Culture The Importance of Blockbuster Books Books and Censorship

• Test Your Visual Media Literacy: Comics Don’t Have to Be Funny

The Future of Books

• Media Transformations: Can Paper Books and e-Books Coexist?

Electronic Publishing and Print on Demand Chapter Summary Key Terms Review Questions

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Chapter 5. Magazines: The Power of Words and Image

s

The Development of a National Culture Early Magazines The Saturday Evening Post The Birth of Photojournalism

The Magazine Business The Economics of Magazine Publishing Trade Magazines Literary and Commentary Magazines Newsmagazines Women’s Magazines Men’s Magazines

Magazines and Modern Society Magazines and Body Image

• Test Your Visual Media Literacy: Presenting a Broader R ange of Beauty

Who’s in Control? Advertising Versus Editorial The Importance of Magazine Covers

The Future of Magazines Magazines for the Twenty-First Century Magazines in the Digital Age

• Media Transformations: Going From Paper to Digital Chapter Summary Key Terms Review Questions

Jake May/The Flint Journal via AP/AP Images

Chapter 6. Newspapers and the News: Reflection of a Democratic Society

Inventing the Modern Press Colonial Publishing: A Tradition of Independence The Penny Press: Newspapers for the People Pulitzer, Hearst, and the Battle for New York City The Tabloids Broadcast News

The News Business Newspaper Conglomerates—Consolidation and Profitabilit

y National Newspapers The Metropolitan Press

• Test Your Media Literacy: Truth-Telling as a Journalistic Priority

Community and Suburban Papers News, Politics, and Society Sources, Advertisers, and Readers—Whom Do You Please?

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Media and Political Bias Patriotism and the Press—Reporters Risk Their Lives to R eport the News

• Test Your Media Literacy: Living in Different Media Wor lds

The Alternative Press

• Media Transformations: News in the Age of Mobile Med ia

The Future of News Are Newspapers a Dying Medium? The Future Is Mobile and Social

• Test Your Media Literacy: Journalists and Social Media Chapter Summary Key Terms

Review Questions

PART III: ELECTRONIC MEDIA

Monika Skolimowska/AP Images

Chapter 7. Audio: Music and Talk Across Media

History of Sound Recording and Transmission Storing Musical Performances: The Development of the Re

cording Industry Transmitting Music and Talk: The Birth of Radio From the Golden Age to the Television Age

• Test Your Media Literacy: When Is a Radio Show Racist? Radio’s New Look: HD and Satellite Streaming/Downloads: Online and Mobile Audio

Music, Youth Culture, and Society Rock ’n’ Roll and the Integration of Music The Changing Face of Popular Music Country: Pop Music for Adults Finding a Niche: Popular Radio Formats

• Test Your Media Literacy: When Is Recycled Music Origi nal? Mash-ups and Covers

Talk Radio: Politics, News, Shock Jocks, and Sports Public Radio Concerns About Effects of Music on Young People Changing the Musical Experience: From Social Music to Per

sonal Soundtracks

From Singles to Digital Downloads: Making Money in the Rec ording Industry LPs Versus 45s CDs and Digital Recording Economics of Streaming and Downloads Radio Consolidates and Goes High-Tech

• Test Your Media Literacy: Who Is Being Hurt by Declini ng Sales of Recorded Music?

The Future of Sound

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Music and the Long Tail: Alternatives to Broadcasting New Economic Models for the Music Industry

• Media Transformations: Creating a Radio Show Withou t a Radio Station

Chapter Summary Key Terms Review Questions

The White Hosuse/ www.flickr.com

Chapter 8. Movies: Mass Producing Entertainment

The Development of Movies The First Moviemakers The Studio System The Blacklist Television and the Movies

The Movie Business

The Blockbuster Era

• Media Transformations: As You Like It: Movie Viewershi p in the Digital Era

Home Video Digital Production and Projection What Makes a Movie Profitable?

Movies and Society How Much Influence Do Movies Have? Diversity in the Movies

• Test Your Visual Media Literacy: Does It Look Like Wom en Have Major Film Roles?

The Production Code: Protecting the Movies From Censors hip

The Ratings System

• Test Your Media Literacy: Movie Ratings The Future of Movies Movies as a Brand Movie Promotion on the Internet Movies and the Long Tail

Chapter Summary Key Terms Review Questions

Chapter 9. Television: Broadcast and Beyond

Television: Broadcast and Cable/Satellite Broadcast Television Cable and Satellite Television Digital Television

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From Broadcasting to Narrowcasting: The Changing Business of Television Networks and Affiliates Educational Broadcasting Becomes Public Broadcasting The Fox Network

Defining Ratings An Earthquake in Slow Motion Diversity on Television

• Test Your Visual Media Literacy: What Does a TV Show Look Like?

Television and Society Television as a Major Social Force How Do Viewers Use Television? Standards for Television

• Test Your Media Literacy: No Sense of Place The Problem of Decency

The Future of Television Interactive Television

• Media Transformations: Defining Television in the Twen ty-First Century

The Earthquake in Slow Motion Continues Chapter Summary Key Terms Review Questions

Bloomberg/Getty Images

Chapter 10. Online Media: The Internet, Social Media, and Video Games

The Development of the Internet Packet Switching: Letting Computers Talk to Each Other ARPAnet

Connecting Incompatible Networks What Are Online/Mobile Media? E-mail Instant Messaging and SMS The World Wide Web Search as a Medium Mobile Apps Blogs

• Media Transformations: Going Mobile Podcasts and Streaming Media

Social Media: Sharing Our Lives Online What Makes Media Social? Who Are Our Social Media?

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Video Games as Mass Communication

• Test Your Media Literacy: How Much Privacy Do You Ha ve With Your Social Media Accounts?

Video Games as a Spectator Sport Diversity and Representation in Video Games

The Internet and Society The Hacker Ethic The Notion of Cyberspace Broadening Our Online World Conflicts Over Digital Media Convergence of Old and New Media

• Test Your Visual Media Literacy: Humans of New York Everything Is Data

Chapter Summary Key Terms Review Questions

PART IV: STRATEGIC COMMUNICATION

The Ladies Home Journal/Kellogg’s Rice Krispies

Chapter 11. Advertising: Selling a Message

The Development of the Advertising Industry The Birth of Consumer Culture The Growth of Brand Names Advertising-Supported Media

The Advertising Business The Client The Agency The Media The Audience

• Test Your Media Literacy: Advertising to Targeted Mark ets

Advertising in Contemporary Culture The Problem of Clutter Debunking Subliminal Advertising When Advertisements Are More Important Than the Progr

am Advertising to Children

• Test Your Media Literacy: Limits on Advertising Food to Children

The Future of Advertising Integrated Marketing Communication

• Media Transformations: From Advertorials to Native Ad vertising

Is Anyone Watching Television Ads? Product Placement

The Long Tail of Advertising Social Marketing

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Chapter Summary Key Terms Review Questions

Jon Rawlinson

Chapter 12. Public Relations: Interactions, Relationshi ps, and the News

From Press Agentry to Professionalism The Origins of Public Relations

• Test Your Media Literacy: False Reports Garner Publicit y

World War I: The Federal Government Starts Using Public Relations

Public Relations Becomes a Profession The Business of Public Relations What Is Public Relations? The Public Relations Process Who Are the Publics? Crisis Communication Public Relations Goes Online

• Media Transformations: Old and New Tools for Integrat ed Marketing Communication

Public Relations and Society Journalism and Public Relations Public Relations and the Government Spin Control: A More Personal Form of Public Relations Public Relations and Political Activism Public Relations and the Civil Rights Movement

Chapter Summary Key Terms Review Questions

PART V: REGULATION AND CONTROL OF THE MEDIA

Chapter 13. Media Law: Free Speech and Fairness

The Development of a Free Press The First Amendment: “Congress Shall Make No Law” The Roots of American Free Speech Limits on Free Speech in the Post-9/11 Era

Protection of Individuals Libel Invasion of Privacy Free Press/Fair Trial

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• Test Your Visual Media Literacy: Should Legal Protectio ns Extend to Offensive Speech?

Controlling the Press Honesty and the Press Prior Restraint Free Speech and Students Journalists Going to Jail Obscenity

• Test Your Media Literacy: Citizens United v. Federal Ele ction Commission

Regulation of the Media Industry Copyright and Fair Use The Rise and Fall of Broadcast Regulation Mandating Fairness on the Air

• Media Transformations: Who Owns Your Social Media Content?

The Telecommunications Act of 1996 Net Neutrality

Chapter Summary Key Terms Review Questions

Alex Wong/Getty Images

Chapter 14. Media Ethics: Truthfulness, Fairness, and S tandards of Decency

Ethical Principles and Decision Making Aristotle: Virtue and the Golden Mean Kant: The Categorical Imperative John Stuart Mill: The Principle of Utility

• Test Your Visual Media Literacy: Horrific Sports Injuries John Rawls: The Veil of Ignorance Hutchins Commission: Social Responsibility Ethics The Bok Model for Ethical Decision Making

Ethics and News Truthfulness

• Test Your Media Literacy: When Is Arresting Reporters

Considered Acceptable? Corporate Conflict of Interest Sensationalism Going Too Far: The News of the World Hacking Scandal When and How Do You Apologize? There Is No “They”: The Sago Mine Disaster Photography Enforcing Ethics

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Ethics and Persuasive Communication Advertising

• Test Your Media Literacy: The Unabomber's Manifesto Raises Questions

• Media Transformations: Cookie Monsters: Online Priva cy and Data Gathering

Ethics in Public Relations Attacks on Women Through Online Media Chapter Summary Key Terms Review Questions

Subhendu Sarkar/Getty Images

Chapter 15. Global Media: Communication Around the World

Media Ideals Around the World

Authoritarian Theory Communist Theory Libertarian Theory Social Responsibility Theory Norms for the Press in the Twenty-First Century

• Test Your Media Literacy: Updating the Four Theories The Internet in the Twenty-First Century Going Global: Media Standards Around the World Canada, Western Europe, and Great Britain

• Test Your Visual Media Literacy: Are There Limits to What Media Images Should Display?

Central and Latin America Islamic Countries and the Middle East Africa Russia and the Former Soviet Republics Asia

• Test Your Media Literacy: How Free Are the World’s Media to Report the News?

• Media Transformations: Are We Really Living in a Me dia World?

Chapter Summary Key Terms Review Questions

Notes Glossary Index

Video

Case

Open Access

Video

Audio Web

Quiz

media library

Media Library

Chapter 1: Living in a Media World

PREMIUM VIDEO

VIDEO CASE

Video Case 1.1: Facebook reaches one billion users in a d ay.

Video Case 1.2: Donald Trump and media control.

Video Case 1.3: Media literacy research.

Video Case 1.4: Social media in college admissions.

OPEN ACCESS VIDEO

See footage from Paul McCartney’s baseball stadium tou r.

Experience the difference between watching and reading two speeches.

Clips from John Oliver’s Last Week Tonight.

http://www.ralphehanson.com/2014/09/29/link-ch-1-paul-mccartneys-baseball-stadium-concerts/
http://www.ralphehanson.com/2011/12/15/ch-1-link-hearing-a-speech-v-reading-a-speech/
https://www.youtube.com/user/LastWeekTonight
Nepal earthquake footage.

Neil Postman talks about his book Amusing Ourselves to Death.

WEB

One of Time’s 100 Most Influencial People: Felix Kjellber g.

Read how SCOTUSblog scooped both CNN and Fox New s on coverage of Obamacare Supreme Court Decision.

Get the latest on Super Bowl advertising and coverage.

Read more on media access to Everest climbing and disas ters.

Read more about how the ritual model applies to the new s coverage around the death of bin Laden.

Dealing with FCC decency rules in the years since Janet J ackson’s wardrobe malfunction.

Read more on Web comics.

Read more examples of Secret One.

Read more examples of Secret Two.

Read more examples of Secret Three.

Read more examples of Secret Four.

Read more examples of Secret Five.

Read more examples of Secret Six.

Read more examples of Secret Seven.

Keep up-to-date with content from the author’s blog.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=heSOBf-sOm8
http://www.ralphehanson.com/2011/12/19/link-ch-1-interview-with-neil-postman/
http://time.com/4302406/felix-kjellberg-pewdiepie-2016-time-100/
http://www.ralphehanson.com/2012/06/29/fox-and-cnn-get-health-care-decision-wrong-everyone-turns-to-blog-for-accurate-news/
http://www.ralphehanson.com/tag/super-bowl/
http://www.ralphehanson.com/tag/everest/
http://www.ralphehanson.com/2011/05/09/covering-bin-ladens-death/
http://www.ralphehanson.com/2011/12/16/ch-1-link-are-fcc-indecency-rules-still-relevant-in-new-media-age/
http://www.ralphehanson.com/2014/09/30/ch-1-links-web-comics-round-up/
http://www.ralphehanson.com/tag/secret-1/
http://www.ralphehanson.com/tag/secret-2/
http://www.ralphehanson.com/tag/secret-3/
http://www.ralphehanson.com/tag/secret-4/
http://www.ralphehanson.com/tag/secret-5/
http://www.ralphehanson.com/tag/secret-6/
http://www.ralphehanson.com/tag/secret-7/
http://www.ralphehanson.com/category/chapter-1/
QUIZ

Take the Chapter Quiz

Chapter 2: Mass Communication Effects

PREMIUM VIDEO

VIDEO CASE

Video Case 2.1: Discussing reactions to new technology.

Video Case 2.2: Shopping for a smartphone.

Video Case 2.3: Transgender in the media.

Video Case 2.4: Virtual reality gaming.

OPEN ACCESS VIDEO

Watch clips of McLuhan speaking.

Watch commercials targeting different audiences.

Watch C-SPAN coverage.

AUDIO

Learn about the long presidential campaigns of the 1800 s.

Listen to an interview with and listen to the music of John Adams.

Listen to Orson Welles’ War of the Worlds broadcast.

WEB

https://edge.sagepub.com/hanson6e/student-resources/chapter-1/quiz
http://www.ralphehanson.com/2012/01/24/link-ch-2-marshal-mcluhan/
http://www.ralphehanson.com/2012/01/24/ch-2-link-two-approaches-to-selling-suvs/
http://www.c-span.org/
http://www.ralphehanson.com/2012/01/23/link-ch-2-the-endless-presidential-campaign/
http://www.ralphehanson.com/2011/09/12/john-adams-on-the-transmigration-of-souls/
http://www.ralphehanson.com/2012/01/25/link-ch-2-orson-welles-war-of-the-worlds-broadcast/
Up to date stories about Edward Snowden on NPR.

Read more about Glenn Greenwald’s reporting on Edwar d Snowden.

The Posters that Sold WWI to the American Public from Smithsonian Magazine.

Read stories about media coverage on missing white wo men.

Check out the corporate sites of media giants.

The latest from Nate Silver’s FiveThirtyEight.

View tweets on the 2011 Egyptian revolution.

Read NPR’s coverage on Donald Trump.

Read more about the Pew report on social media and the Spiral of Silence.

Read more about Dr. Gerbner on TV violence.

Keep up-to-date with content from the author’s blog.

QUIZ

Take the Chapter Quiz

Chapter 3: The Media Business

PREMIUM VIDEO

VIDEO CASE

Video Case 3.1: The savvy media consumer.

http://www.npr.org/tags/190293264/edward-snowden
http://www.ralphehanson.com/2014/10/07/ch-2-link-edward-snowden-glenn-greenwald-and-the-nsa/
http://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/posters-sold-world-war-i-american-public-180952179/?no-ist
http://www.ralphehanson.com/2012/01/23/link-ch-2-missing-pretty-white-girls//
http://www.ralphehanson.com/2012/01/24/link-ch-2-who-are-the-owners/
http://fivethirtyeight.com
http://www.ralphehanson.com/2011/02/11/are-you-watching-this/
http://www.npr.org/tags/134949364/donald-trump
http://www.ralphehanson.com/2014/10/10/link-ch-2-applying-the-spiral-of-silence-to-social-media/
http://www.ralphehanson.com/2014/10/10/link-ch-2-revisiting-dr-gerbner-and-tv-violence/
http://www.ralphehanson.com/category/chapter-2/
https://edge.sagepub.com/hanson6e/student-resources/chapter-2/quiz
Video Case 3.2: Holiday toy merchandising.

Video Case 3.3: Long tail growth at ComicCon.

Video Case 3.4: Google and investing.

OPEN ACCESS VIDEO

View examples of the penny press.

Watch a 1939 video on how Walt Disney cartoons were made.

See what all the fuss was about with the Janet Jackson in decency case.

Douglas Edwards talks about time with Google.

WEB

Check out projects receiving funding on kickstarter.

Learn more about the Bay Psalm Book.

How Americans Get Their News

Read reaction to Disney’s acquisition of Lucasfilm

When Will ESPN’s Subscriber Numbers Finally Hit Botto m?

Take a peek at the corporate web sites for several of the most dominant media corporations.

Visit Time Warner’s corporate site.

Visit Viacom’s corporate site.

Visit the CBS corporate site.

Visit the Bertelsmann corporate site.

http://www.library.illinois.edu/hpnl/guides/newspapers/american/1800-1860/city.html
http://www.ralphehanson.com/2011/04/05/how-walt-disney-cartoons-are-made-1939/
http://www.ralphehanson.com/2012/06/29/httpthehill-comblogshillicon-valleytechnology235629-supreme-court-wont-take-up-janet-jackson-case/
http://www.ralphehanson.com/2012/01/22/link-ch-3-im-feeling-lucky-author-douglas-edwards-talks-about-working-for-google
https://www.kickstarter.com/discover/categories/film%20&%20video
http://www.ralphehanson.com/2012/01/19/link-ch-3-4-the-whole-book-of-psalmes/
https://www.americanpressinstitute.org/publications/reports/survey-research/how-americans-get-news/
http://www.ralphehanson.com/2012/11/01/disney-buys-lucasfilm-now-owns-star-wars-is-that-really-such-a-bad-thing/
http://fortune.com/2015/11/24/espn-subscriber-numbers/
http://www.ralphehanson.com/2012/01/24/link-ch-2-who-are-the-owners/
http://www.timewarner.com/
http://www.viacom.com/Pages/default.aspx
http://www.cbscorporation.com/
http://www.bertelsmann.com
Read more about Comcast’s accelerated purchase of NB CUniversal from GE.

Read more about Comcast’s attempt to buy Time Warner Cable

Read a remembrance of Apple co-founder Steve Jobs.

Read Chris Anderson’s article on long tail.

Who owns the media you’re consuming?

Keep up-to-date with content from the author’s blog.

QUIZ

Take the Chapter Quiz

Chapter 4: Books

PREMIUM VIDEO

VIDEO CASE

Video Case 4.1: Appalachian dialects.

Video Case 4.2: Harper Lee’s new novel.

Video Case 4.3: Impact of children's books.

OPEN ACCESS VIDEO

Check out a video history on the development of modern alphabets.

Are emojis taking us back to the Dark Ages?

Was Johannes Gutenberg the most influential person of t

http://www.ralphehanson.com/2013/02/13/comcast-completing-purchase-of-nbcuniversal-from-ge-years-ahead-of-schedule/
http://www.ralphehanson.com/2014/02/17/comcast-commits-to-buying-time-warner-cable/
http://www.ralphehanson.com/2011/10/06/steve-jobs-1955-2011/
http://changethis.com/manifesto/show/10.LongTail
http://www.cjr.org/resources/index.php
http://www.ralphehanson.com/category/chapter-3/
https://edge.sagepub.com/hanson6e/student-resources/chapter-3/quiz
http://www.ralphehanson.com/2012/01/29/link-ch-4-a-history-of-writing/
https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/jonathanjonesblog/2015/may/27/emoji-language-dragging-us-back-to-the-dark-ages-yellow-smiley-face
http://www.ralphehanson.com/2012/02/01/link-ch-4-gutenbergs-influence/
he second millennium?

Watch a demonstration of Apple’s e-textbook