Meiotic division beads diagram with crossing over

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image1.emfUMUC Biology 102/103

Lab 5: Meiosis

INSTRUCTIONS:

· To conduct your laboratory exercises, use the links to the instructions for each lab, found in the “Course Content” section of the classroom.

· On your own and without assistance, complete this Lab5 Answer Form electronically and submit it via the Assignments Folder by the date listed on your Course Schedule (under Syllabus).

· Type your answers into the shaded boxes provided after the questions. The boxes will expand as you type.

· When necessary, insert graphs prepared in Excel, or image files (scans, photos, etc.) into the clear boxes provided.

· Save your Lab 5 Answer Form in the following format: LastName – Bio 102 Lab – Lab 5 Answer Form (e.g., Largen – Bio 102 Lab – Lab 5 Answer Form).

· You should submit your document in a Word (.doc or .docx) or Rich Text Format (.rtf) for best compatibility.

· Please note that this answer form also serves as a grading rubric. The grading information for each question is provided in red text in parentheses following each question/graph/table, etc. Skipping a requested question, part of a question, table, graph, etc., will result in the designated amount of percentage points being deducted from the grade for this lab answer form.

Experiment 1: Following chromosomal DNA movement (71 points)

Part 1 – Meiotic Division Beads Diagram WITHOUT Crossing Over (each photo is worth 2 points for a total of 18 points)

Take pictures of your beads for each phase of meiosis I and II without crossing over. Include notes with your name, date and meiotic stage on index cards in the pictures.

Stage

Colored Sketch or Photos of Beads

Prophase I

-continued next page-

Stage

Colored Sketch or Photos of Beads

Metaphase I

Anaphase I

Telophase I

Prophase II

Metaphase II

-continued-

Stage

Colored Sketch of Beads

Anaphase II

Telophase II

Cytokinesis

Part 2 – Meiotic Division Beads Diagram WITH Crossing Over (each photo is worth 2 points for a total of 18 points)

Take pictures of your beads for each phase of meiosis I and II with crossing over. Include notes with your name, date and meiotic stage on index cards in the pictures.

Stage

Colored Sketch or Photos of Beads

Prophase I

-continued next page-

Stage

Colored Sketch or Photos of Beads

Metaphase I

Anaphase I

Telophase I

Prophase II

Metaphase II

-continued-

Stage

Colored Sketch of Beads

Anaphase II

Telophase II

Cytokinesis

Questions

1. What is the ploidy of the DNA at the end of meiosis I? What about at the end of meiosis II? (each part of question is worth 2 points, for a total of 4 points)

2. How are meiosis I and meiosis II different? (worth 2 points)

3. Why do you use non-sister chromatids to demonstrate crossing over? (worth 2 points)

4. What combinations of alleles could result from a crossover between BD and bd chromosomes? (worth 2 points)

5. How many chromosomes were present when meiosis I started? (worth 2 points)

6. How many nuclei are present at the end of meiosis II? How many chromosomes are in each? (each part worth 2 points for a total of 4 points)

7. Identify two ways that meiosis contributes to genetic recombination? (each part worth 1 point for a total of 2 points)

8. Why is it necessary to reduce the number of chromosomes in gametes, but not in other cells? (worth 2 points)

9. Blue whales have 44 chromosomes in every somatic cell. Complete the table below by entering in the final column the number of chromosomes you would expect to find in each of the indicated cells: (each cell in table is worth 1 points, for a total of 4 points)

Cell Type

# Chromosomes

Sperm cell

Egg cell

Daughter cell from meiosis I

Daughter cell from meiosis II

10. Research and identify a disease that is caused by chromosomal mutations. Briefly describe the disease. When does the mutation occur? What chromosome(s) is/are affected? What are the consequences? (question has 4 parts, each part of question is worth 2 points, for a total of 8 points)

11. Diagram what would happen if sexual reproduction took place for four generations using diploid (2n) cells? (worth 3 points)

-continued-

Experiment 2: The Importance of Cell Cycle Control (29 points)

Data Table (each abnormality worth 1 point, each drawing worth 2 points, for total of 15 points)

Abnormality

Drawing of Abnormality

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

Questions

1. Record your hypothesis from Step 1 in the Procedure section here. (worth 2 points)

2. What do your results indicate about cell cycle control? (worth 2 points)

3. Suppose a person developed a mutation in a somatic cell which diminishes the performance of the body’s natural cell cycle control proteins. This mutation resulted in cancer, but was effectively treated with a cocktail of cancer-fighting techniques. Is it possible for this person’s future children to inherit this cancer-causing mutation? Be specific when you explain why or why not. (worth 3 points)

4. Why do cells which lack cell cycle control exhibit karyotypes which look physically different than cells with normal cell cycle. (worth 3 points)

5. What are HeLa cells? Why are HeLa cells appropriate for this experiment? (each part worth 2 points, for a total of 4 points)

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