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Fundamentals of

Corporate Finance

Eighth EDITION

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Fundamentals of

Corporate Finance

Richard A. Brealey London Business School

Stewart C. Myers Sloan School of Management, Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Alan J. Marcus Carroll School of Management, Boston College

Eighth EDITION

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THE McGRAW-HILL/IRWIN SERIES IN FINANCE, INSURANCE, AND REAL ESTATE

Stephen A. Ross, Franco Modigliani Professor of Financial Economics Sloan School of Management, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Consulting Editor

Financial Management

Block, Hirt, and Danielsen Foundations of Financial Management Fifteenth Edition

Brealey, Myers, and Allen Principles of Corporate Finance Eleventh Edition

Brealey, Myers, and Allen Principles of Corporate Finance, Concise Second Edition

Brealey, Myers, and Marcus Fundamentals of Corporate Finance Eighth Edition

Brooks FinGame Online 5.0

Bruner Case Studies in Finance: Managing for Corporate Value Creation Seventh Edition

Cornett, Adair, and Nofsinger Finance: Applications and Theory Third Edition

Cornett, Adair, and Nofsinger M: Finance Second Edition

DeMello Cases in Finance Second Edition

Grinblatt (editor) Stephen A. Ross, Mentor: Influence through Generations

Grinblatt and Titman Financial Markets and Corporate Strategy Second Edition

Higgins Analysis for Financial Management Tenth Edition

Kellison Theory of Interest Third Edition

Ross, Westerfield, and Jaffe Corporate Finance Tenth Edition

Ross, Westerfield, Jaffe, and Jordan Corporate Finance: Core Principles and Applications Fourth Edition

Ross, Westerfield, and Jordan Essentials of Corporate Finance Eighth Edition

Ross, Westerfield, and Jordan Fundamentals of Corporate Finance Tenth Edition

Shefrin Behavioral Corporate Finance: Decisions That Create Value First Edition

White Financial Analysis with an Electronic Calculator Sixth Edition

Investments

Bodie, Kane, and Marcus Essentials of Investments Ninth Edition

Bodie, Kane, and Marcus Investments Tenth Edition

Hirt and Block Fundamentals of Investment Management Tenth Edition

Hirschey and Nofsinger Investments: Analysis and Behavior Second Edition

Jordan, Miller, and Dolvin Fundamentals of Investments: Valuation and Management Seventh Edition

Stewart, Piros, and Heisler Running Money: Professional Portfolio Management First Edition

Sundaram and Das Derivatives: Principles and Practice First Edition

Financial Institutions and Markets

Rose and Hudgins Bank Management and Financial Services Ninth Edition

Rose and Marquis Financial Institutions and Markets Eleventh Edition

Saunders and Cornett Financial Institutions Management: A Risk Management Approach Eighth Edition

Saunders and Cornett Financial Markets and Institutions Sixth Edition

International Finance

Eun and Resnick International Financial Management Seventh Edition

Real Estate

Brueggeman and Fisher Real Estate Finance and Investments Fourteenth Edition

Ling and Archer Real Estate Principles: A Value Approach Fourth Edition

Financial Planning and Insurance

Allen, Melone, Rosenbloom, and Mahoney Retirement Plans: 401(k)s, IRAs, and Other Deferred Compensation Approaches Eleventh Edition

Altfest Personal Financial Planning First Edition

Harrington and Niehaus Risk Management and Insurance Second Edition

Kapoor, Dlabay, and Hughes Focus on Personal Finance: An Active Approach to Help You Develop Successful Financial Skills Fourth Edition

Kapoor, Dlabay, and Hughes Personal Finance Eleventh Edition

Walker and Walker Personal Finance: Building Your Future First Edition

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Dedication To Our Wives

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FUNDAMENTALS OF CORPORATE FINANCE, EIGHTH EDITION

Published by McGraw-Hill Education, 2 Penn Plaza, New York, NY 10121. Copyright © 2015 by McGraw- Hill Education. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. Previous editions © 2012, 2009, 2007, 2004, 2001, 1999, and 1995. No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education, including, but not limited to, in any network or other electronic storage or transmission, or broadcast for distance learning.

Some ancillaries, including electronic and print components, may not be available to customers outside the United States.

This book is printed on acid-free paper.

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ISBN 978-0-07-786162-9 MHID 0-07-786162-0

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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Brealey, Richard A. Fundamentals of corporate finance / Richard A. Brealey, London Business School; Stewart C. Myers,

Sloan School of Management, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Alan J. Marcus, Carroll School of Management, Boston College.—Eighth edition.

pages cm.—(The McGraw-Hill/Irwin series in finance, insurance and real estate) Includes index. ISBN-13: 978-0-07-786162-9 (alk. paper) ISBN-10: 0-07-338230-2 (alk. paper) 1. Corporations–Finance. I. Myers, Stewart C. II. Marcus, Alan J. III. Title. HG4026.B6668 2014 658.15–dc23 2014018986