Neurotransmitter chart

University of Phoenix Material

Neurotransmitter Chart

Select four neurotransmitters. Complete a table for each neurotransmitter.

Neurotransmitter 1

State if this neurotransmitter is inhibitory or excitatory:

Serotonin

 Serotonin is inhibitory neurotransmitter.

What is this neurotransmitter's role on behavior?

 Serotonin has an influence on almost all human behaviors, emotions, appetite, automatic, motor, and cognitive. Serotonin controls sleep, moods, appetite, and regulates body temperature. It also regulates the rate hormones are released. Serotonin modulates the tone of nervous system activity (Frazer & Hensler, 1999).

References

Frazer, A. & Hensler, J. (1999). Serotonin Involvement in Physiological Function and Behavior. Bookshelf. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK27940/

Pharmacological agent prescribed to increase the neurotransmitter:

List three possible side effects linked to this agent:

Prozac is an antidepressant of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI) that is selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor class (Dore, 2014). Prozac increases the level of usable serotonin in the brain. High levels of serotonin are associated with good moods, as serotonin plays a large part in mood regulation. If serotonin levels are too low, moods can suffer (Dore, 2014).

References

Dore, D. PharmD (2014). Prozac (Fluoxetine). Everyday Health. Retrieved from http://www.everydayhealth.com/drugs/prozac

1) nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea

2) stiff rigid muscles

3) Headache, and trouble concentrating.

Example of a neurological disorder, disease, or condition where this agent occurs

List possible risks associated with not taking this agent for the disorder, disease, or condition:

Prozac is used to treat depression, or major depressive disorder.

Risks associated with not taking medication for depression are:

suicide, addiction, self-injury, risk taking behaviors, poor

academic performance, health problems, and relationship problems (Hollerstein, 2014).

Hollerstein, D. J. MD ( 2014). Heal Your Brain. Depression, and Anxiety Disorders Damage Your Brain, Especially When Untreated. Psychology Today. Retrieved from http://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/heal-your-brain/201107/depression-and-anxiety-disorders-damage-your-brain-especially-when-untre

Pharmacological agent prescribed to decrease the neurotransmitter:

List three possible side effects linked to this agent:

Redux (Leonard, 2014)

1) depression

2) insomnia

3) somnolence (state of feeling drowsy) (Leonard, 2014)

Example of a neurological disorder, disease, or condition where this agent occurs

List possible risks associated with not taking this agent for the disorder, disease, or condition:

Redux (Dexfenfluramine) is serotonin reuptake inhibitor, used as an anti-obesity drug, used to promote weight loss and the management of obesity (Leonard, 2014).

References

Leonard, L. PhD (2014). Reducing Aggression and Violence The Serotonin Connection. Life Enhancement. Retrieved from http://www.life-enhancement.com/magazine/article/208-reducing-aggression-and-violence-the-serotonin-connection

Possible risks associated with not taking the agent are:

obesity, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, heart disease,

and diabetes (Weight Loss and Prevention Plans, 2014).

References

Weight Loss Prevention Plans (2014). WebMD. Retrieved from http://www.webmd.com/diet/tc/obesity-health-risks-of-obesity

Neurotransmitter 2

State if this neurotransmitter is inhibitory or excitatory:

Ephinephrine

 Epinephrine is an Excitatory

What is this neurotransmitter's role on behavior?

Epinephrine is adrenaline, this neurotransmitter drives off the autonomic nervous system giving the fight or flight response, when something dangerous happens or a stressful situation it is immediately released into the bloodstream and the body is prepped with oxygen and glucose to the brain and muscles.

Pharmacological agent prescribed to increase the neurotransmitter:

List three possible side effects linked to this agent:

An EpiPen is a pharmacological agent that is prescribed and given to individuals who severely allergic to particular items in the world. When the body goes into a severe stressful situation the EpiPen is injected into the high thigh area which is released into the blood stream increasing the adrenaline putting the body at ease saving the life of someone.

1) Anxiety

2) Palpitations/tremors

3) dizzness

Example of a neurological disorder, disease, or condition where this agent occurs

List possible risks associated with not taking this agent for the disorder, disease, or condition:

 Epinephrine auto injector or EpiPen is used to treat anaphylaxis

Life threatening reaction such as death// rapidly decline//closing of airways//swelling or inflammation//nervous system weakening// Severe GI Symptoms

Pharmacological agent prescribed to decrease the neurotransmitter:

List three possible side effects linked to this agent:

Benzodiazepines (Valium) http://www.heartspring.net/brain_improving_happy_balance.html

1. Reduces stress

2. Anxiety Levels are lowered

3. Impairs patient awareness/drowsy

Example of a neurological disorder, disease, or condition where this agent occurs: Claustrophobic

List possible risks associated with not taking this agent for the disorder, disease, or condition:

 Claustrophobic

Woods,M. (2014). NYU Langone Medical Center. Retrieved on Dec. 14, 2014. From http://www.med.nyu.edu/content?ChunkIID=100695

1) Agitation/anxiety

2)fatigue/lack of focus

4) No excitement about life

Neurotransmitter 3 Dopamine

State if this neurotransmitter is inhibitory or excitatory:

Dopamine

 Both-inhibitory and excitatory (Carlson, 2013)

What is this neurotransmitter's role on behavior?

 “Dopamine is one of the more interesting neurotransmitters because it has been implicated in several important functions, including movement, attention, learning, and the reinforcing effects of drugs that people tend to abuse” (Carlson, 2013, p. 114).

Pharmacological agent prescribed to increase the neurotransmitter:

List three possible side effects linked to this agent:

 L-DOPA

1) Nausea

2) vomiting

3) Low blood pressure

(WebMD, 2014)

Example of a neurological disorder, disease, or condition where this agent occurs

List possible risks associated with not taking this agent for the disorder, disease, or condition:

 Parkinson’s Disease

Tremors

Rigidity of the limbs

Poor balance

(Carlson, 2014)

Pharmacological agent prescribed to decrease the neurotransmitter:

List three possible side effects linked to this agent:

 Chlorpromazine

1) drowsiness

2) blank facial expression

3) shuffling walk

(MedlinePlus, 2014)

Example of a neurological disorder, disease, or condition where this agent occurs

List possible risks associated with not taking this agent for the disorder, disease, or condition:

 Schizophrenia

Hallucinations

Delusions

Disruptions in normal, logical thought process

(MedlinePlus, 2014)

Neurotransmitter 4

State if this neurotransmitter is inhibitory or excitatory:

 Acetylcholine (ACh)

 Excitatory

What is this neurotransmitter's role on behavior?

In the central nervous system Acetylcholine plays a part in attention and arousal. In the peripheral nervous system Acetylcholine helps to activate muscles. (Carlson, 2013)

Pharmacological agent prescribed to increase the neurotransmitter:

List three possible side effects linked to this agent:

 Neostigmine, Botulinum Toxin

1) Headache

2) Blurred Vision

3) Slowing of heart rate

Example of a neurological disorder, disease, or condition where this agent occurs

List possible risks associated with not taking this agent for the disorder, disease, or condition:

 Myasthenia Gravis

Increased weakness

Muscles become less responsive

Pharmacological agent prescribed to decrease the neurotransmitter:

List three possible side effects linked to this agent:

 Atropine, Curare

1) Blurred Vision

2) Tachycardia

3) Rash

Example of a neurological disorder, disease, or condition where this agent occurs

List possible risks associated with not taking this agent for the disorder, disease, or condition:

 Parkinson’s Disease

Increased rigidity

Increased tremors

Progression of the disease (Science Daily, 2000)

References

Carlson, N.R. (2013). Physiology of Behavior (11th ed) Upper Saddle River, NJ. Pearson Education

Medline Plus, (2014). Chlorpromazine. Retrieved from http://www.nlm.nih.gov

Mayo Clinic (2011). Seratonin syndrome. Retrieved from: http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/serotonin-syndrome/basics/definition/con-20028946

Nordqvist, C. (2011). What is serotonin? What does serotonin do? Retrieved from: http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/232248.php#neurotransmitter

Science Daily. (July 28, 2000). Ecstasy use depletes brain’s serotonin levels. Retrieved from: http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2000/07/000727081324.htm

WebMD. (2014). Drug & Medication Search. Retrieved from http://www.webmd.com/drugs/drug-8323-desipramine+oral.aspx?drugid=8323&drugname=desipramine+oral&source=2

WebMD, (2014). Parkinson’s disease Health Center. Retrieved from http://www.webmd.com

Team B,

You all did a good job on this assignment. You addressed all key elements and your responses were very thorough. Your reference list looks good. 10 / 10 points