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Nfpa 99 electrical safety standards

18/10/2021 Client: muhammad11 Deadline: 2 Day

NFPA® 99

Health Care Facilities Code

2012 Edition

NFPA, 1 Batterymarch Park, Quincy, MA 02169-7471 An International Codes and Standards Organization

Copyright 2013 National Fire Protection Association (NFPA). Licensed, by agreement, for individual use and single download on August 6, 2013 to IUPUI for designated user BARBARA CHRISTE|. No other reproduction or transmission in any form permitted without written permission of NFPA. For inquires or to report unauthorized use, contact licensing@nfpa.org.

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NOTICE AND DISCLAIMER OF LIABILITY CONCERNING THE USE OF NFPA DOCUMENTS NFPA® codes, standards, recommended practices, and guides (“NFPA Documents”), of which the document contained herein is one, are developed through a consensus standards development process approved by the American National Standards Institute. This process brings together volunteers representing varied viewpoints and interests to achieve consensus on fire and other safety issues. While the NFPA administers the process and establishes rules to promote fairness in the development of consensus, it does not independently test, evaluate, or verify the accuracy of any information or the soundness of any judgments contained in NFPA Documents.

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ISBN: 978-145590102-9 (Print) ISBN: 978-145590145-6 (PDF) 12/09

IMPORTANT NOTICES AND DISCLAIMERS CONCERNING NFPA DOCUMENTS ®

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IMPORTANT NOTICES AND DISCLAIMERS CONCERNING NFPA DOCUMENTS

ADDITIONAL NOTICES AND DISCLAIMERS

Updating of NFPA Documents Users of NFPA codes, standards, recommended practices, and guides (“NFPA Documents”) should be aware that these documents may be

superseded at any time by the issuance of new editions or may be amended from time to time through the issuance of Tentative Interim Amendments. An official NFPA Document at any point in time consists of the current edition of the document together with any Tentative Interim Amendments and any Errata then in effect. In order to determine whether a given document is the current edition and whether it has been amended through the issuance of Tentative Interim Amendments or corrected through the issuance of Errata, consult appropriate NFPA publications such as the National Fire Codes® Subscription Service, visit the NFPA website at www.nfpa.org, or contact the NFPA at the address listed below.

Interpretations of NFPA Documents A statement, written or oral, that is not processed in accordance with Section 6 of the Regulations Governing Committee Projects shall not be

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NFPA and National Fire Pr

NFPA® 99

Health Care Facilities Code

2012 Edition

This edition of NFPA 99, Health Care Facilities Code, was prepared by the Technical Commit- ees on Electrical Systems, Fundamentals, Health Care Emergency Management and Security, yperbaric and Hypobaric Facilities, Mechanical Systems, Medical Equipment, and Piping

ystems, released by the Technical Correlating Committee on Health Care Facilities, and cted on by NFPA at its June Association Technical Meeting held June 12–15, 2011, in Boston, A. It was issued by the Standards Council on August 11, 2011, with an effective date of ugust 31, 2011, and supersedes all previous editions.

Tentative interim amendments (TIAs) to Chapters 8 and 9 were issued on August 11, 2011. or further information on tentative interim amendments, see Section 5 of the NFPA Regu-

ations Governing Committee Projects available at: http://www.nfpa.org/assets/files/PDF/ odesStandards/TIAErrataFI/TIARegs.pdf

This edition of NFPA 99 was approved as an American National Standard on August 31, 2011.

Origin and Development of NFPA 99 The idea for this document grew as the number of documents under the original NFPA

ommittee on Hospitals grew. By the end of 1980, there existed 12 documents on a variety of ubjects, 11 directly addressing fire-related problems in and about health care facilities. These ocuments covered health care emergency preparedness, inhalation anesthetics, respiratory

herapy, laboratories in health-related institutions, hyperbaric facilities, hypobaric facilities, nhalation anesthetics in ambulatory care facilities, home use of respiratory therapy, medical– urgical vacuum systems in hospitals, essential electrical systems for health care facilities, safe se of electricity in patient care areas of health care facilities, and safe use of high-frequency lectricity in health care facilities.

A history on the documents that covered these topics can be found in the “Origin and evelopment of NFPA 99” in the 1984 edition of NFPA 99.

What was then the Health Care Facilities Correlating Committee reviewed the matter eginning in late 1979 and concluded that combining all the documents under its jurisdic- ion would be beneficial to those who used those documents, for the following reasons:

1) The referenced documents were being revised independently of each other. Combining all the individual documents into one document would place all of them on the same revision cycle.

2) It would place in one unit many documents that referenced each other. 3) It would be an easier and more complete reference for the various users of the document

(e.g., hospital engineers, medical personnel, designers and architects, and the various types of enforcing authorities).

To learn if this proposal was desired or desirable to users of the individual documents, the ommittee issued a request for public comments in the spring of 1981, asking whether pur- hasers of the individual documents utilized more than one document in the course of their ctivities and whether combining these individual documents would be beneficial. Seventy- ive percent of responses supported such a proposal, with 90 percent of health care facilities nd organizations supportive of it. Based on this support, the Correlating Committee pro- eeded with plans to combine all the documents under its jurisdiction into one document.

In January, 1982, a compilation of the latest edition of each of the 12 individual documents nder the jurisdiction of the Correlating Committee was published. It was designated FPA 99, Health Care Facilities Code. The Correlating Committee also entered the document

nto the revision cycle reporting to the 1983 Fall Meeting for the purpose of formally adopting he document.

For the 1984 edition of NFPA 99, in addition to technical changes, administrative and rganizational changes were made.

otection Association are registered trademarks of the National Fire Protection Association, Quincy, Massachusetts 02169.

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99–2 HEALTH CARE FACILITIES CODE

For the 1987 edition of NFPA 99, the third and final step in the process of combining the previous individual documents took place — that of integrating the content of these individual documents into a cohesive document. In addition, there were again technical changes made. The 1987 edition also saw the incorporation of NFPA 56F, Standard on Nonflammable Medical Piped Gas Systems, into NFPA 99.

For the 1990 edition of NFPA 99, some structural changes were made and some modifiers were added to make it easier to determine where requirements are applicable. Technical changes made included the following: correlation with NFPA 101®, Life Safety Code®; changes for compressed medical air systems on the use of gas-powered medical devices operating at a gauge pressure of 200 psi, and piped gas systems in general; changes in leakage current limits for patient care electrical appliances; clarification that patient care areas and wet locations are mutually exclusive; and further guidance on the effects of a disaster on staff.

For the 1993 edition of NFPA 99 there were further efforts to make the document more user-friendly (e.g., placing all “recommended” guidance either in notes or in the appendix). Significant technical changes included the follow- ing: adding requirements and recommendations to further prevent or minimize fires in operating rooms; making major changes to requirements in Chapter 4 for installing, testing, inspecting, verifying, and maintaining nonflam- mable medical piped gas systems; adding new sections on dental compressed air and dental vacuum requirements in Chapter 4; changing leakage current limits of patient care–related electrical appliances to correlate more closely with an international document on the subject; revising laboratory requirements to correlate more closely with NFPA 45, Standard for Laboratories Using Chemicals; changing essential electrical system requirements in ambulatory health care clinics and medical/dental offices; and extensively revising hyperbaric chamber requirements (Chapter 19).

For the 1996 edition of NFPA 99, further changes to make the document more user-friendly were made. These included restructuring Chapters 3 and 4 so that all requirements for a Type 1, 2, or 3 essential electrical system, or a Level 1, 2, 3, or 4 piped gas or vacuum system, were contained in one section.

Other technical changes included the following:

(1) Moving requirements on flammable anesthetizing locations and the use of flammable inhalation anesthetics to a new Appendix 2

(2) Upgrading the subject of emergency preparedness from guidance to a new chapter containing requirements (3) Adding a new chapter (Chapter 18) on home health care (4) Revising Section 1-1 to reflect the intent that NFPA 99 applies only to facilities treating human beings (5) In Chapter 3, revising load testing requirements for emergency generators to reference NFPA 110, Standard for

Emergency and Standby Power Systems, and revising emergency lighting criteria for operating rooms (6) In Chapter 4, revising requirements for medical compressed air systems, dental compressed air systems, waste

anesthetic gas disposal systems, and dental piped gas/vacuum systems; adding a new section on “headwall units” (“manufactured assemblies”); and clarifying and moving requirements for transfilling containers of liquid oxygen to Chapter 8

(7) In Chapter 8, adding requirements for storage rooms containing cylinders and containers totaling less than 3000 ft3

(8) In Chapters 12 to 17, revising criteria for gas and vacuum systems (9) In Chapter 19, in addition to many technical changes, adding criteria for mobile hyperbaric facilities

For the 1999 edition, significant technical and structural changes included the following:

(1) Chapters 13, 14, and 15 (on ambulatory health care centers, clinics, and medical/dental offices, respectively) were replaced completely by new Chapter 13 covering health care facilities other than hospitals, nursing homes, and limited care facilities as defined in Chapter 2.

(2) Requirements for Level 2 gas and vacuum systems were developed (Section 4.4 in Chapter 4). (3) Subsections 12.3.4, 16.3.4, and 7.3.4 were revised to correlate with the two significant changes in (1) and (2). (4) In Chapter 3, load testing requirements for emergency power supplies of the essential electrical system were

changed through reference, and the testing interval (“monthly”) was reworded to be more responsive to needs of health care facilities.

(5) Clarification of transfer switches and branches of the emergency system was made. (6) Clarification on the use of emergency power supplies other than for emergency power was made in 3.4.1.1.5. (7) Paragraph 4.3.1.2, Distribution Requirements for Level 1 Gas Systems, was completely revised and restructured. (8) Chapter 4 was made more user-friendly by reducing the number of internal cross-references between Sections

4.3 and 4.5. (9) The order of installation and testing requirements for piped gas and vacuum systems was revised.

(10) Emphasis on emergency preparedness was made in Chapter 11 and its appendix material. (11) Chapter 19, “Hyperbaric Facilities,” was extensively revised in the areas of electrical wiring, air quality, ventilation

lighting, equipment, communication, and safety management. (12) A new chapter (Chapter 20) on freestanding birthing centers was added.

The 2002 edition included format and technical revisions. The Manual of Style for NFPA Technical Committee Docu- ments, April 2000 edition, was applied to this document, resulting in changes to its structure and format. Introductory material in Chapter 1 was formatted for consistency among all NFPA documents. Referenced publications that apply to the document were relocated from the last chapter to Chapter 2, resulting in the renumbering of chapters. Informa- tional references remained in the last annex. Appendices were designated as annexes. Definitions in Chapter 3 were

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99–3ORIGIN AND DEVELOPMENT OF NFPA 99

eviewed for consistency with definitions in other NFPA documents, were systematically aligned, and were individually umbered. Paragraph structuring was revised with the intent of one mandatory requirement per section, subsection, r paragraph. Information that often accompanied many of the requirements was moved to Annex A, Explanatory aterial. Exceptions were deleted or rephrased in mandatory text, unless the exception represented an allowance or

equired alternate procedure to a general rule when limited specified conditions exist. The reformatted appearance nd structure provided continuity among NFPA documents, clarity of mandatory text, and greater ease in locating pecific mandatory text.

The document scope and individual chapter scopes defining the intent of each chapter and document as a whole ere located in Chapter 1.

The occupancy Chapters 13–21 stated what is required, while Chapters 4–12 prescribed how those requirements re achieved. Each chapter began with a section explaining applicability. Information concerning the nature of azards was moved to Annex B. Annexes A and C retained explanatory information, and Annexes 1 and 2 became nnexes D and E. Informational references were in Annex F.

The changes in Chapter 4, Electrical Systems, addressed electrical wiring, transfer switches, inspection, and appli- ation.

Chapter 5 on Piping Systems was realigned so that Level 1 requirements were found in Section 5.1, and concur- ently Level 2 in Section 5.2 and Level 3 in Section 5.3. Level 4 associated with laboratories was deleted, with require- ents realigned in Chapter 11 on laboratories. Definitions were developed for vacuum systems and Levels 1, 2, and 3

as systems in Chapter 3. Revisions were made to compressed gas cylinder identification and restraint; valve venting; entilation of storage rooms; alarms; connection of the electrical supply for central supply systems with the essential lectrical system; allowance of a three-way full port ball valve to isolate one branch or component; provisions for a onitored and audible low-content alarm on the surge gas while brazing; the allowance of medical air systems for

pplication with human respiration; and deletion of 20-year-old appendix information.

Gas Delivery, Chapter 8, included a new section on the storage of compressed gas cylinders in patient care areas.

Chapter 11, Laboratories, clarified the structural protection of exits, and intent of portable fire extinguishers. evisions were made concerning flammable and combustible liquids handling requirements.

An increased focus on the total process of maintaining services during a disaster, mitigating damage from a disaster, nd recovery from a disaster was reflected in Chapter 12, Emergency Management. Annexed security program infor- ation was expanded.

Chapter 20, Hyperbaric Facilities, contained revised emergency depressurization requirements, safety director esponsibilities, and emergency procedure performance.

The changes made to the 2005 edition were mainly for clarity and were editorial in nature. In Chapter 3, the efinitions for medical gas, patient medical gas, and medical support gas were modified to differentiate between the ifferent types of gases.

In Chapter 4, the requirements for switches and receptacles in anesthetizing locations were moved to Chapter 13, ospital Requirements. The extracted material from NFPA 110, Standard for Emergency and Standby Power Systems, was pdated.

In Chapter 5, the requirements for construction materials for filters, dryers, regulators, vacuum pumps, and after- oolers were changed to allow the manufacturers to choose the materials.

A centralized computer was allowed to be used in lieu of one of the master alarms. Cylinders were allowed to be itted with a means to slow the initial opening pressure. The requirement to individually secure the cylinders was hanged to no longer require the cylinders to be secured individually. Two new methods for making joints were added o the requirements. Stainless steel tubing was added as an approved material for vacuum systems. The requirement to raze a joint within 1 hour after cleaning was changed to 8 hours. Vacuum joints were required to be leak tested, and perational pressure testing was permitted to be conducted with the source gas.

Chapters 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, and 11 underwent minor changes for clarity or for editorial reasons.

Chapter 12 was revised to update the techniques used in emergency management in health care facilities.

In Chapters 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, and 19 editorial corrections were made.

Chapter 20 was revised to include requirements for heating and ventilation changes in the chamber. Additional estrictions to the types of materials that are allowed in the chamber were added.

The 2012 edition went through a major overhaul. The premise of an occupancy-based document was modified to ecome a risk-based document. NFPA 99 was changed to a “code” instead of a “standard” to reflect how the document

s used and adopted.

The administration of health care continues to change. NFPA 99 has changed to reflect how health care is deliv- red. The risk to the patient does not change for a given procedure. If the procedure is performed in a doctor’s office ersus a hospital, the risk remains the same. Therefore, NFPA 99 eliminated the occupancy chapters and has gone to a isk-based approach. New Chapter 4 outlines the parameters for this approach. The Code now reflects the risk to the atient in defined categories of risk.

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99–4 HEALTH CARE FACILITIES CODE

Chapter 5, Gas and Vacuum Systems, went through some editorial changes as well as adding new material on the testing and maintenance of gas and vacuum systems. In addition, the administrative details for care, maintenance, and handling of cylinders moved to chapters under the responsibility of the new Technical Committee on Medical Equipment.

There are several new chapters. There are new chapters on Information Technology and Communications Systems for Health Care Facilities; Plumbing; Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning; Security Management; and Features of Fire Protection. Many of these systems were not addressed by NFPA 99. These are important systems and protection features in health care and needed to be addressed. The Technical Committees on Gas Delivery Equipment and the Technical Committee on Electrical Equipment were combined into a single Technical Committee on Medical Equip- ment. The hyperbaric chapter had relatively minor changes for clarity.

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99–5COMMITTEE PERSONNEL

Technical Correlating Committee on Health Care Facilities (HEA-AAC)

Douglas S. Erickson, Chair

American Society for Healthcare Engineering, VI [U]
onstance Bobik, B&E Fire Safety Equipment Inc., L [IM] ayne L. Brannan, Medical University of South Carolina,

C [U] Rep. American Society of Safety Engineers

ordon D. Burrill, Teegor Consulting Inc., Canada [U] Rep. Canadian Healthcare Engineering Society

avid A. Dagenais, Wentworth-Douglass Hospital, H [U]

Rep. NFPA Health Care Section

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Mazzetti Nash Lipsey Burc

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Marvin J. Fischer, Monroe Township, NJ [SE] Robert M. Gagnon, Gagnon Engineering, MD [SE] Thomas W. Jaeger, Jaeger and Associates, LLC, VA [U]

Rep. American Health Care Association Michael S. Jensen, U.S. Department of Health & Human Services, AZ [E] William E. Koffel, Koffel Associates, Inc., MD [SE] Mayer D. Zimmerman, Randallstown, MD [SE]

. Shane Ashby, West Tennessee Healthcare, TN [U] (Alt. to W. L. Brannan)

haron S. Gilyeat, Koffel Associates, Inc., MD [SE] (Alt. to W. E. Koffel)

W. Thomas Schipper, Lakewood, CA [U] (Alt. to D. S. Erickson)

ichard P. Bielen, NFPA Staff Liaison

his list represents the membership at the time the Committee was balloted on the final text of this edition. Since that time, hanges in the membership may have occurred. A key to classifications is found at the back of the document.

OTE: Membership on a committee shall not in and of itself constitute an endorsement of the Association or ny document developed by the committee on which the member serves.

ommittee Scope: This Committee shall have primary responsibility for documents that contain criteria for afeguarding patients and health care personnel in the delivery of health care services within health care acilities: a) from fire, explosion, electrical, and related hazards resulting either from the use of anesthetic gents, medical gas equipment, electrical apparatus, and high frequency electricity, or from internal or xternal incidents that disrupt normal patient care; b) from fire and explosion hazards associated with aboratory practices; c) in connection with the use of hyperbaric and hypobaric facilities for medical pur- oses; d) through performance, maintenance and testing criteria for electrical systems, both normal and ssential; and e) through performance, maintenance and testing, and installation criteria: for vacuum sys-

tems.

Technical Committee on Electrical Systems (HEA-ELS)

Walter N. Vernon, IV, Chair

h, CA [SE]
an Chisholm, Sr., MGI Systems, Inc., FL [IM] ames H. Costley, Jr., Newcomb & Boyd, GA [SE]

Rep. NFPA Health Care Section ason D’Antona, Partners HealthCare System Inc., A [U] avid A. Dagenais, Wentworth-Douglass Hospital, H [U] erbert H. Daugherty, Electric Generating Systems ssociation, NJ [M]

ames J. Dunn, Jr., University of Texas, TX [U] ony Easty, University Health Network, Canada [U] an Ehrenwerth, Yale University, CT [C]

Rep. American Society of Anesthesiologists hris M. Finen, Eaton Electrical Corporation, N [M] on W. Jhonson, Interior Electric, Inc., FL [IM]

Rep. National Electrical Contractors Association urton R. Klein, Burton Klein Associates, A [SE]

Stephen M. Lipster, The Electrical Trades Center, OH [L]

Rep. International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers James E. Meade, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, MD [U] Joseph P. Murnane, Jr., Underwriters Laboratories Inc., NY [RT] John Peterson, Utility Service Corporation, AL [IM]

Rep. InterNational Electrical Testing Association Vincent M. Rea, TLC Engineering for Architecture, FL [SE] Michael L. Savage, Sr., Middle Department Inspection Agency, Inc., MD [E] Ronald M. Smidt, Carolinas HealthCare System, NC [U]

Rep. American Society for Healthcare Engineering Leonard W. White, Stanford White Associates Consulting Engineers, Inc., NC [SE] James L. Wiseman, Square D Company/Schneider Electric, TN [M] Robert Wolff, IES Engineers-Dewberry, NC [SE]

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Alternates

David Bredhold, Eaton Electrical Corporation, KY [M]

(Alt. to C. M. Finen) Dan Chisholm, Jr., MGI Systems, Inc., FL [IM]

(Alt. to D. Chisholm, Sr.) Julian M. Goldman, Massachusetts General Hospital, MA [C]

(Alt. to J. Ehrenwerth)

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Nancy W. Gunderson, Square D Company/Schneider Electric, NC [M]

(Alt. to J. L. Wiseman) Donald D. King, Kaiser Permanente, CA [U]

(Alt. to R. M. Smidt) Hugh O. Nash, Jr., Mazzetti Nash Lipsey Burch, TN [SE]

(Alt. to W. N. Vernon, IV) Herbert V. Whittall, Electrical Generating Systems Association, FL [M]

(Alt. to H. H. Daugherty)

Richard P. Bielen, NFPA Staff Liaison

OTE: Membership on a committee shall not in and of itself constitute an endorsement of the Association or ny document developed by the committee on which the member serves.

ommittee Scope: This Committee shall have primary responsibility for documents or portions of docu- ents covering the minimum requirements for performance, testing, maintenance, operations, and failure anagement of electrical systems, low voltage systems, wireless technologies, infomatics, and telemedicine to

afeguard patients, staff, and visitors within health care facilities.

Technical Committee on Fundamentals (HEA-FUN)

Michael A. Crowley, Chair The RJA Group, Inc., TX [SE]

Gordon D. Burrill, Teegor Consulting Inc., Canada [U] Rep. Canadian Healthcare Engineering Society

Richard E. Cutts, NORAD/NORTHCOM (USAF), GA [U] August F. DiManno, Jr., Program Risk Management, Inc., NY [I] Michael S. Jensen, U.S. Department of Health & Human Services, AZ [E]

Rep. U.S. Dept. of Health & Human Services/IHS David P. Klein, U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, DC [U] James K. Lathrop, Koffel Associates, Inc., CT [SE] Barry Lefler, Chubb Group of Insurance Companies, NC [I]

Stephen M. Lipster, The Electrical Trades Center, OH [L]

Rep. International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers Jack McNamara, Bosch Security Systems, NY [M]

Rep. National Electrical Manufacturers Association Thomas G. McNamara, North Shore LIJ Health System-Southside Hospital, NY [U] James S. Peterkin, Heery International-HLM Design, PA [SE] W. Thomas Schipper, Lakewood, CA [U]

Rep. American Society for Healthcare Engineering Frank L. Van Overmeiren, FP&C Consultants, Inc., IN [SE] Robert F. Willey, III, North Carolina Dept. of Health & Human Services, NC [E]

Beth A. Alexander, FP&C Consultants, Inc., IN [SE]

(Alt. to F. L. Van Overmeiren) Chad E. Beebe, American Society for Healthcare Engineering, WA [U]

(Alt. to W. T. Schipper)

Sharon S. Gilyeat, Koffel Associates, Inc., MD [SE] (Alt. to J. K. Lathrop)

Peter Leszczak, U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, CT [U]

(Alt. to D. P. Klein) Terrence Pintar, The RJA Group, Inc., IL [SE]

(Alt. to M. A. Crowley)

Richard P. Bielen, NFPA Staff Liaison

OTE: Membership on a committee shall not in and of itself constitute an endorsement of the Association or ny document developed by the committee on which the member serves.

ommittee Scope: This Committee shall have primary responsibility for documents or portions of docu- ents on the scope, application, and intended use of documents under the Health Care Facilities Project,

ncluding reference standards, performance, the protection of special hazards, criteria for levels of health are services based on risk, as well as definitions not assigned to other committees in the Health Care acilities Project.

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Technical Committee on Health Care Emergency Management and Security (HEA-HES)

George F. Stevens, Chair

U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
obert M. Becker, Incident Management Solutions, Inc., Y [SE] ete Brewster, U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, V [U] avid A. Dagenais, Wentworth-Douglass Hospital, H [U] teve Ennis, Virginia Hospital & Healthcare Association, A [U] on M. Evenson, The RJA Group, Inc., IL [SE] cott R. Fernhaber, Johnson Controls, Inc., I [M]

haron S. Gilyeat, Koffel Associates, Inc., D [SE]

Alternates

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Susan B. McLaughlin, MSL Healthcare Consulting, Inc., IL [U]

Rep. American Society for Healthcare Engineering William C. McPeck, State of Maine Employee Health & Safety, ME [E] Russell Phillips, Russell Phillips & Associates, LLC, NY [SE] Tom Mayer Scheidel, Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, TX [E] James P. Simpson, National Joint Apprentice & Training Committee, MN [L]

Rep. International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers Michael D. Widdekind, Zurich Services Corporation, MD [I]

had E. Beebe, American Society for Healthcare ngineering, WA [U]

(Alt. to S. B. McLaughlin) ennifer L. Frecker, Koffel Associates, Inc., MD [SE]

(Alt. to S. S. Gilyeat) icholas E. Gabriele, Russell Phillips & Associates, LLC, T [SE]

(Alt. to R. Phillips)

Zachary Goldfarb, Incident Management Solutions, Inc., NY [SE]

(Alt. to R. M. Becker) Richard A. Mahnke, The RJA Group, Inc., IL [SE]

(Alt. to J. M. Evenson)

ichard P. Bielen, NFPA Staff Liaison

OTE: Membership on a committee shall not in and of itself constitute an endorsement of the Association or ny document developed by the committee on which the member serves.

ommittee Scope: This Committee shall have primary responsibility for documents or portions of docu- ents covering the framework for emergency management and security of health care facilities proportion-

te to the risk of the patient and health care staff. This Committee shall have primary responsibility for the lements of planning over a continuum from minor incidences to catastrophic events, including: manage- ent controls, mitigation practices, incident response, continuity of services, recovery, stored capacity, staff

raining, and program evaluation.

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99–8 HEALTH CARE FACILITIES CODE

Technical Committee on Hyperbaric and Hypobaric Facilities (HEA-HYP)

Robert B. Sheffield, Chair

International ATMO, Inc., TX [U]
Michael W. Allen, Life Support Technologies Group Inc., PA [U] Peter Atkinson, Townsville Hospital, Australia [C]

Rep. Hyperbaric Technicians & Nurses Association Inc. Richard C. Barry, Diversified Clinical Services, FL [SE] James Bell, Intermountain Health Care, UT [U] W. Robert Bryant, Perry Baromedical Corporation, TX [M] Mario Caruso, Comprehensive Healthcare Solutions, Inc., FL [SE] Keith Ferrari, Praxair, NC [M] Angela M. Fuqua, Chubb Group Insurance Companies, TX [I] William C. Gearhart, University of Maryland Medical Systems, MD [U]

Alternates

Richard P. Bielen, NFPA Staff Liaison

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Affiliated Engineers, Inc

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W. T. Gurnée, OxyHeal Health Group, CA [M] Barry E. Newton, Wendell Hull & Associates, Inc., NM [SE] Stephen D. Reimers, Reimers Systems, Inc., VA [M] Rachael Sheets, The Linde Group, NJ [IM] John M. Skinner, Medical Equipment Technology, Inc., GA [IM] Deepak Talati, Sechrist Industries, Inc., CA [M] Harry G. Vincent, Baromedical Nurses Association, LA [C] Wilbur T. Workman, Undersea & Hyperbaric Medical Society, TX [U]

Kevin I. Posey, International ATMO, Inc., TX [U] (Alt. to R. B. Sheffield)

OTE: Membership on a committee shall not in and of itself constitute an endorsement of the Association or ny document developed by the committee on which the member serves.

ommittee Scope: This Committee shall have primary responsibility for documents or portions of docu- ents covering the construction, installation, testing, performance, and maintenance of hyperbaric and

ambers.

Technical Committee on Mechanical Systems (HEA-MEC)

Roger W. Lautz, Chair

., WI [SE]
Kimberly A. Barker, Siemens Building Technologies, Inc., IL [M] Christopher Bernecker, H. T. Lyons, Inc., PA [IM] Gordon D. Burrill, Teegor Consulting Inc., Canada [U]

Rep. Canadian Healthcare Engineering Society Robert J. Dubiel, Luther Midelfort Mayo Health, WI [U] Keith Ferrari, Praxair, NC [M] Ronald E. Galloway, Moses Cone Health System, NC [U]

Phil Gioia, Mazzetti & Associates Inc., OR [SE] Charles Seyffer, Camfil Farr, NY [M] Michael P. Sheerin, TLC Engineering for Architecture, FL [SE] Michael Soper, Phoenix Controls Corporation, MA [M] Allan David Volz, OSF HealthCare System, IL [U]

Richard P. Bielen, NFPA Staff Liaison

OTE: Membership on a committee shall not in and of itself constitute an endorsement of the Association or ny document developed by the committee on which the member serves.

ommittee Scope: This committee shall have primary responsibility for documents or portions of documents overing the performance, operations, testing, maintenance, and failure management criteria for air quality, emperature, humidity, critical space pressure relationships, water and waste water, and their associated ystems.

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99–9COMMITTEE PERSONNEL

Technical Committee on Medical Equipment (HEA-MED)

Alan Lipschultz, Chair Christiana Care Health Services, DE [M]

Rep. Association for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation

ichael E. Brousseau, Intertek Testing Services, MA [RT] usan E. Dorsch, Orange Park, FL [SE] obert J. Dubiel, Luther Midelfort Mayo Health, WI [U] eith Ferrari, Praxair, NC [M]

Rep. Compressed Gas Association illiam C. Fettes, Airgas, Inc., KS [IM] erald R. Goodman, Texas Woman’s University, TX [SE] arvey Kostinsky, ECRI Institute, PA [RT]

Alternates

Nonvoting

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Medical Engineering Service

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Joseph P. Murnane, Jr., Underwriters Laboratories Inc., NY [RT] Ezra R. Safdie, U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, CA [U] Lawrence S. Sandler, Bonita Springs, FL [SE] W. Thomas Schipper, Lakewood, CA [U]

Rep. American Society for Healthcare Engineering Robert M. Sutter, B&R Compliance Associates, PA [SE]

ary L. Bean, Air Products & Chemicals, Inc., A [M]

(Alt. to K. Ferrari) arry E. Brown, Airgas, Inc., A [IM]

(Alt. to W. C. Fettes)

John T. Collins, American Society for Healthcare Engineering, IL [U]

(Alt. to W. T. Schipper) Mike W. Schmidt, Strategic Device Compliance Services, OH [M]

(Alt. to A. Lipschultz)

aul Aronow, Auburndale, MA [SE] (Member Emeritus)

ichard P. Bielen, NFPA Staff Liaison

OTE: Membership on a committee shall not in and of itself constitute an endorsement of the Association or ny document developed by the committee on which the member serves.

ommittee Scope: This committee shall have primary responsibility for documents or portions of documents overing the maintenance, performance, and testing of electrical medical equipment and portable patient- elated gas equipment for the purpose of safeguarding patients and health care personnel within patient are areas of health care facilities from the hazards of fire, explosion, electricity, nonionizing radiation, heat,

Technical Committee on Piping Systems (HEA-PIP)

David B. Mohile, Chair

s, Inc., VA [SE]
ark W. Allen, Beacon Medaes, SC [M] rant A. Anderson, Bard, Rao & Athanas Consulting ngineers, LLC, MA [SE] avid L. Brittain, ProVac, OH [M]

an Ehrenwerth, Yale University, CT [C] Rep. American Society of Anesthesiologists

eith Ferrari, Praxair, NC [M] Rep. Compressed Gas Association

illiam C. Fettes, Airgas, Inc., KS [IM] ichael Frankel, Utility Systems Consultants, FL [SE]

Rep. American Society of Plumbing Engineers d Golla, TRI/Air Testing, TX [RT] ames L. Lucas, Tri-Tech Medical Inc., OH [M] dward J. Lyczko, The Cleveland Clinic, OH [U] effery F. McBride, Red Lion Medgas Consultants, Inc., E [SE] onald R. McIlroy, Providence Health System, OR [U]

erry L. McManus, National ITC Corporation, LA [L] Rep. Piping Industry Progress & Education Trust Fund

Thomas J. Mraulak, Plumbing Industry Training Center, MI [L]

Rep. American Society of Sanitary Engineering Olen L. Pruitt, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL [U]

Rep. American Society for Healthcare Engineering E. Daniel Shoemaker, Midmark Corporation, AZ [M] Ronald M. Smidt, Carolinas HealthCare System, NC [U]

Rep. NFPA Health Care Section Russell C. Thomason, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, VA [U] J. Richard Wagner, J. Richard Wagner, PE, LLC, MD [IM]

Rep. Mechanical Contractors Association of America, Inc.

Jonathan C. Willard, Certified Medical Gas Services, NH [SE] Wayne T. Wozniak, American Dental Association, IL [U]

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99–10 HEALTH CARE FACILITIES CODE

Alternates

Gary L. Bean, Air Products & Chemicals, Inc., GA [M]

(Alt. to K. Ferrari) Chad E. Beebe, American Society for Healthcare Engineering, WA [U]

(Alt. to O. L. Pruitt) Barry E. Brown, Airgas, Inc., GA [IM]

(Alt. to W. C. Fettes)

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David D. Eastman, Metro Detroit Plumbing Industry Training Center, MI [L]

(Alt. to T. J. Mraulak) P. L. Fan, Arlington Heights, IL [U]

(Alt. to W. T. Wozniak) Michael T. Massey, National ITC Corporation, CA [L]

(Alt. to J. L. McManus) Christopher Swayze, The Sherman Engineering Company, PA [M]

(Alt. to M. W. Allen)

Richard P. Bielen, NFPA Staff Liaison

OTE: Membership on a committee shall not in and of itself constitute an endorsement of the Association or ny document developed by the committee on which the member serves.

ommittee Scope: This Committee shall have primary responsibility for documents or portions of docu- ents covering the performance, maintenance, installation, and testing of medical and dental related gas

iping systems and medical and dental related vacuum piping systems.

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99–11CONTENTS

Contents

Chapter 1 Administration ............................... 99– 13 1.1 Scope ............................................. 99– 13 1.2 Purpose .......................................... 99– 13 1.3 Application ...................................... 99– 13 1.4 Equivalency ..................................... 99– 14 1.5 Units .............................................. 99– 14 1.6 Code Adoption Requirements .............. 99– 14

Chapter 2 Referenced Publications ................... 99– 14 2.1 General ........................................... 99– 14 2.2 NFPA Publications ............................. 99– 14 2.3 Other Publications ............................ 99– 15 2.4 References for Extracts in Mandatory

Sections .......................................... 99– 16

Chapter 3 Definitions .................................... 99– 17 3.1 General ........................................... 99– 17 3.2 NFPA Official Definitions .................... 99– 17 3.3 General Definitions ........................... 99– 17 3.4 BICSI Definitions .............................. 99– 25

Chapter 4 Fundamentals ................................ 99– 25 4.1 Building System Categories ................. 99– 25 4.2 Risk Assessment ................................ 99– 25 4.3 Application ...................................... 99– 25

Chapter 5 Gas and Vacuum Systems .................. 99– 25 5.1 Category 1 Piped Gas and Vacuum

Systems ........................................... 99– 25 5.2 Category 2 Piped Gas and Vacuum

Systems ........................................... 99– 56 5.3 Category 3 Piped Gas and Vacuum

Systems ........................................... 99– 57

Chapter 6 Electrical Systems ........................... 99– 73 6.1 Applicability ..................................... 99– 73 6.2 Nature of Hazards ............................. 99– 73 6.3 Electrical System ............................... 99– 73 6.4 Essential Electrical System

Requirements — Type 1 ...................... 99– 78 6.5 Essential Electrical System

Requirements — Type 2 ...................... 99– 85 6.6 Essential Electrical System

Requirements — Type 3 ...................... 99– 86

Chapter 7 Information Technology and Communications Systems for Health Care Facilities ....................... 99– 87

7.1 Applicability ..................................... 99– 87 7.2 Reserved ......................................... 99– 87 7.3 Category 1 Systems ............................ 99– 87 7.4 Category 2 Systems ............................ 99– 90 7.5 Category 3 Systems ............................ 99– 91

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Chapter 8 Plumbing ...................................... 99– 91 8.1 Applicability ..................................... 99– 91 8.2 System Category Criteria ..................... 99– 91 8.3 General Requirements ....................... 99– 92

Chapter 9 Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning (HVAC) ...................... 99– 92

9.1 Applicability ..................................... 99– 92 9.2 System Category Criteria ..................... 99– 92 9.3 General ........................................... 99– 92

Chapter 10 Electrical Equipment ...................... 99– 94 10.1 Applicability ..................................... 99– 94 10.2 Performance Criteria and Testing for

Patient Care–Related Electrical Appliances and Equipment ................. 99– 94

10.3 Testing Requirements — Fixed and Portable .......................................... 99– 95

10.4 Nonpatient Electrical Appliances and Equipment ...................................... 99– 96

10.5 Administration ................................. 99– 96

Chapter 11 Gas Equipment ............................. 99–100 11.1 Applicability ..................................... 99–100 11.2 Cylinder and Container Source ............ 99–100 11.3 Cylinder and Container Storage

Requirements ................................... 99–100 11.4 Performance Criteria and Testing ......... 99–101 11.5 Administration ................................. 99–101 11.6 Operation and Management of

Cylinders ......................................... 99–103 11.7 Liquid Oxygen Equipment .................. 99–104

Chapter 12 Emergency Management ................. 99–105 12.1 Scope ............................................. 99–105 12.2 Responsibilities ................................. 99–105 12.3 Matrix Categories .............................. 99–105 12.4 General .......................................... 99–105 12.5 Category 1 and Category 2

Requirements ................................... 99–105

Chapter 13 Security Management ..................... 99–109 13.1 Scope ............................................. 99–109 13.2 Security Vulnerability Assessment

(SVA) ............................................. 99–109 13.3 Responsible Person ........................... 99–109 13.4 Security-Sensitive Areas ....................... 99–109 13.5 Access and Egress Security Measures ...... 99–110 13.6 Media Control .................................. 99–110 13.7 Crowd Control .................................. 99–110 13.8 Security Equipment ........................... 99–110 13.9 Employment Practices ........................ 99–110 13.10 Security Operations ........................... 99–110 13.11 Program Evaluation ........................... 99–111

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Chapter 14 Hyperbaric Facilities ...................... 99–111 14.1 Scope ............................................. 99–111 14.2 Construction and Equipment ............... 99–111 14.3 Administration and Maintenance .......... 99–119

Chapter 15 Features of Fire Protection .............. 99–122 15.1 Applicability ..................................... 99–122 15.2 Construction and Compartmentation .... 99–122 15.3 Special Hazard Protection for

Flammable Liquids and Gases .............. 99–122 15.4 Laboratories .................................... 99–122 15.5 Utilities ........................................... 99–122 15.6 Rubbish Chutes, Incinerators, and

Laundry Chutes ................................ 99–123 15.7 Fire Detection, Alarm, and

Communications Systems .................... 99–123

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15.8 Automatic Sprinklers and Other Extinguishing Equipment ................... 99–124

15.9 Manual Extinguishing Equipment ......... 99–124 15.10 Compact Storage .............................. 99–125 15.11 Compact Mobile Storage .................... 99–125 15.12 Maintenance and Testing .................... 99–125 15.13 Fire Loss Prevention in Operating

Rooms ............................................ 99–125

Annex A Explanatory Material ......................... 99–125

Annex B Additional Explanatory Notes .............. 99–175

Annex C Sample Ordinance Adopting NFPA 99 ... 99–193

Annex D Informational References ................... 99–193

Index ........................................................... 99–197

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99–13ADMINISTRATION

NFPA 99

Health Care Facilities Code

2012 Edition

IMPORTANT NOTE: This NFPA document is made available for use subject to important notices and legal disclaimers. These notices and disclaimers appear in all publications containing this document and may be found under the heading “Important Notices and Dis- claimers Concerning NFPA Documents.” They can also be obtained on request from NFPA or viewed at www.nfpa.org/disclaimers.

Changes to the content of this code have not been marked by vertical rules and deletion bullets due to the fact that the entire document has undergone restructuring.

A reference in brackets [ ] following a section or paragraph indicates material that has been extracted from another NFPA document. As an aid to the user, the complete title and edition of the source documents for extracts in mandatory sections of the document are given in Chapter 2 and those for extracts in informational sections are given in Annex D. Extracted text may be edited for consistency and style and may include the revision of internal paragraph references and other refer- ences as appropriate. Requests for interpretations or revisions of extracted text shall be sent to the technical committee re- sponsible for the source document.

Information on referenced publications can be found in Chapter 2 and Annex D.

Chapter 1 Administration

1.1 Scope.

1.1.1 The scope of this code is to establish minimum criteria as follows in 1.1.2 through 1.1.13.

1.1.2 Fundamentals. Chapter 4 establishes criteria for levels of health care services or systems based on risk to the patients, staff, or visitors in health care facilities.

1.1.3 Gas and Vacuum Systems.

1.1.3.1 Chapter 5 covers the performance, maintenance, in- stallation, and testing of the following:

(1) Nonflammable medical gas systems with operating pres- sures below a gauge pressure of 2068 kPa (300 psi)

(2) Vacuum systems in health care facilities (3) Waste anesthetic gas disposal (WAGD) systems, also re-

ferred to as scavenging (4) Manufactured assemblies that are intended for connec-

tion to the medical gas, vacuum, or WAGD systems (also referred to as scavenging)

1.1.3.2 Requirements for portable compressed gas systems are covered in Chapter 11.

1.1.4 Electrical Systems.

1.1.4.1 Chapter 6 covers the performance, maintenance, and testing of electrical systems (both normal and essential) in health care facilities.

1.1.4.2 The following areas are not addressed in this code, but are addressed in other NFPA documents:

(1) Specific requirements for wiring and installation of equip- ment are covered in NFPA 70, National Electrical Code.

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(2) Requirements for illumination and identification of means of egress in health care facilities are covered in NFPA 101, Life Safety Code.

(3) Requirements for installation, testing, and maintenance of fire protection signaling systems are covered in NFPA 72, National Fire Alarm and Signaling Code.

(4) Requirements for installation of fire pumps are covered in NFPA 20, Standard for the Installation of Stationary Pumps for Fire Protection, except that the alternate source of power are permitted to be the essential electrical system.

(5) Requirements for installation of stationary engines and gas turbines are covered in NFPA 37, Standard for the Installation and Use of Stationary Combustion Engines and Gas Turbines.

1.1.5 Information Technology and Communications Systems. Chapter 7 covers the performance, maintenance, and testing of information technology and communications systems in health care facilities.

1.1.6 Plumbing. Chapter 8 covers the performance, mainte- nance, and testing of plumbing systems in health care facilities.

1.1.7 HVAC Systems. Chapter 9 covers the performance, main- tenance, and testing of heating, cooling, and ventilating in health care facilities.

1.1.8 Electrical Equipment. Chapter 10 covers the perfor- mance, maintenance, and testing of electrical equipment in health care facilities.

1.1.9 Gas Equipment. Chapter 11 covers the performance, maintenance, and testing of gas equipment in health care facilities.

1.1.10* Emergency Management. Chapter 12 establishes crite- ria for emergency management in the development of a pro- gram for effective disaster preparedness, response, mitigation, and recovery in health care facilities.

1.1.11 Security Management. Chapter 13 covers the perfor- mance, maintenance, and testing of security equipment and systems in health care facilities.

1.1.12* Hyperbaric Facilities. Chapter 14 covers the recogni- tion of, and protection against, hazards of an electrical, explo- sive, or implosive nature, as well as fire hazards associated with hyperbaric chambers and associated facilities that are used, or intended to be used, for medical applications and experimen- tal procedures at gauge pressures from 0 kPa to 690 kPa (0 psi to 100 psi).

1.1.13 Features of Fire Protection. Chapter 15 covers the per- formance, maintenance, and testing of fire protection equip- ment in health care facilities.

1.2 Purpose. The purpose of this code is to provide minimum requirements for the installation, inspection, testing, mainte- nance, performance, and safe practices for facilities, material, equipment, and appliances, including other hazards associ- ated with the primary hazards.

1.3 Application.

1.3.1 This code shall apply to all health care facilities other than home care.

1.3.1.1 This document is intended for use by those persons involved in the design, construction, inspection, and opera- tion of health care facilities and in the design, manufacture, and testing of appliances and equipment used in patient care rooms of health care facilities.

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1.3.2 Construction and equipment requirements shall be ap- plied only to new construction and new equipment, except as modified in individual chapters.

1.3.2.1 Only the altered, renovated, or modernized portion of an existing system or individual component shall be re- quired to meet the installation and equipment requirements stated in this code.

1.3.2.2 If the alteration, renovation, or modernization adversely impacts the existing performance requirements of a system or component, additional upgrading shall be required.

1.3.2.3 An existing system that is not in strict compliance with the provisions of this code shall be permitted to be continued in use, unless the authority having jurisdiction has determined that such use constitutes a distinct hazard to life.

1.3.3 Policies.

1.3.3.1 The health care organization shall ensure that poli- cies are established and maintained that permit the attending physician to satisfy the emergency needs of any patient that supersede the requirements of this code.

1.3.3.2 Each such special use shall be clearly documented and reviewed to attempt to have future similar needs met within the requirements of this code.

1.3.4 Patient Care Rooms.

1.3.4.1 The governing body of the facility or its designee shall establish the following areas in accordance with the type of patient care anticipated and with the following definitions of the classification (see definition of patient care room in Chapter 3):

(1) Critical care rooms (2) General care rooms (3) Basic care rooms (4) Support rooms

1.3.4.2 Anesthesia. It shall be the responsibility of the govern- ing body of the health care organization to designate anesthe- tizing locations.

1.3.4.3 Wet Procedure Locations. It shall be the responsibility of the governing body of the health care organization to des- ignate wet procedure locations.

1.4 Equivalency.

1.4.1 Nothing in this code is intended to prevent the use of systems, methods, or devices of equivalent or superior quality, strength, fire resistance, effectiveness, durability, and safety to those prescribed by this code. Technical documentation shall be submitted to the authority having jurisdiction to demonstrate equivalency. The system, method, or device shall be approved for the intended purpose by the authority having jurisdiction.

1.4.2 Alternative systems, methods, or devices approved as equivalent by the authority having jurisdiction shall be recog- nized as being in compliance with this code.

1.4.3 The authority having jurisdiction shall be permitted to grant exceptions to this code.

1.5* Units. Primary units will be trade units, and secondary units will be the conversion.

1.6 Code Adoption Requirements.

1.6.1 The effective date of application of any provision of this document is not determined by the National Fire Protection

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Association. All questions related to applicability shall be di- rected to the authority having jurisdiction. 1.6.2 Enforcement. This code shall be administered and en- forced by the authority having jurisdiction. (See Annex C for a sample wording for enabling legislation.)

Chapter 2 Referenced Publications

2.1* General. The documents or portions thereof listed in this chapter are referenced within this code and shall be consid- ered part of the requirements of this document. 2.2 NFPA Publications. National Fire Protection Association, 1 Batterymarch Park, Quincy, MA 02169-7471.

NFPA 10, Standard for Portable Fire Extinguishers, 2010 edition. NFPA 13, Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems, 2010

edition. NFPA 14, Standard for the Installation of Standpipe and Hose

Systems, 2010 edition. NFPA 20, Standard for the Installation of Stationary Pumps for

Fire Protection, 2010 edition. NFPA 25, Standard for the Inspection, Testing, and Maintenance

of Water-Based Fire Protection Systems, 2011 edition. NFPA 30, Flammable and Combustible Liquids Code, 2012

edition. NFPA 31, Standard for the Installation of Oil-Burning Equip-

ment, 2011 edition. NFPA 37, Standard for the Installation and Use of Stationary

Combustion Engines and Gas Turbines, 2010 edition. NFPA 45, Standard on Fire Protection for Laboratories Using

Chemicals, 2011 edition. NFPA 54, National Fuel Gas Code, 2012 edition. NFPA 55, Compressed Gases and Cryogenic Fluids Code, 2010

edition. NFPA 58, Liquefied Petroleum Gas Code, 2011 edition. NFPA 70®, National Electrical Code®, 2011 edition. NFPA72®, National FireAlarm and Signaling Code, 2010 edition. NFPA 82, Standard on Incinerators and Waste and Linen Han-

dling Systems and Equipment, 2009 edition. NFPA 90A, Standard for the Installation of Air-Conditioning and

Ventilating Systems, 2012 edition. NFPA 91, Standard for Exhaust Systems forAir Conveying of Vapors,

Gases, Mists, and Noncombustible Particulate Solids, 2010 edition. NFPA 92, Standard for Smoke Control Systems, 2012 edition. NFPA 99, Health Care Facilities Code, 2012 edition. NFPA 99B, Standard for Hypobaric Facilities, 2010 edition. NFPA 101®, Life Safety Code®, 2012 edition. NFPA 101A, Guide on Alternative Approaches to Life Safety, 2010

edition. NFPA 110, Standard for Emergency and Standby Power Systems,

2010 edition. NFPA 111, Standard on Stored Electrical Energy Emergency and

Standby Power Systems, 2010 edition. NFPA 211, Standard for Chimneys, Fireplaces, Vents, and Solid

Fuel–Burning Appliances, 2010 edition. NFPA 259, Standard Test Method for Potential Heat of Building

Materials, 2008 edition. NFPA 286, Standard Methods of Fire Tests for Evaluating Contri-

bution of Wall and Ceiling Interior Finish to Room Fire Growth, 2011 edition.

NFPA 704, Standard System for the Identification of the Hazards of Materials for Emergency Response, 2012 edition.

NFPA 1600®, Standard on Disaster/Emergency Management and Business Continuity Programs, 2010 edition.

NFPA 5000®, Building Construction and Safety Code®, 2012 edition.

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99–15REFERENCED PUBLICATIONS

2.3 Other Publications.

2.3.1 ANSI Publications. American National Standards Insti- tute, Inc., 22 West 43rd Street, 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036.

ANSI C84.1, Electric Power Systems and Equipment — Voltage Ratings, 1995.

ANSI Z136.3, Safe Use of Optical Fiber Communication Systems Utilizing Laser Diode and LED Sources, 2011.

ANSI/NEMA WD 6, Wiring Devices — Dimensional Require- ments, 2002.

ANSI/UL 723, Standard for Test for Surface Burning Character- istics of Building Materials, 2010.

ANSI/AAMI ES 60601–1, Medical Electrical Equipment, 2005.

2.3.2 AHSRAE Publications. American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air Conditioning Engineers, Inc., 1791 Tul- lie Circle, NE, Atlanta, GA 30329-2305

ASHRAE 170, Ventilation of Health Care Facilities, 2008.

ASHRAE 90.1, Energy Standard for Buildings Except Low-Rise Residential Buildings, 2010.

ASHRAE Guideline 0, The Commissioning Process, 2005.

ASHRAE Guideline 1.1, HVAC&R Technical Requirements for The Commissioning Process, 2007.

2.3.3 ASME Publications. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, Three Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5990.

ASME A.17.1, Safety Code for Elevators and Escalators, 2010.

ASME A.17.3, Safety Code for Existing Elevators and Escalators, 2008.

ASME B1.20.1, Pipe Threads, General Purpose, Inch, 2001.

ASME B16.22, Wrought Copper and Copper Alloy Solder-Joint Pressure Fittings, 2001.

ASME B16.26, Cast Copper Alloy Fittings for Flared Copper Tubes, 2006.

ANSI/ASME B16.50, Wrought Copper and Copper Alloy Braze- Joint Pressure Fittings, 2001.

ASME B31.3, Pressure Process Piping, 2002.

ASME B40.100, Pressure Gauges and Gauge Attachments, 1998.

ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Sections VIII and IX, 2001.

ANSI/ASME PVHO-1, Safety Standard for Pressure Vessels for Human Occupancy., 1990

2.3.4 ASSE Publications. American Society of Sanitary Engi- neering, 901 Canterbury Road, Suite A, Westlake, OH 44145- 1480.

ASSE 6010, Professional Qualification Standard for Medical Gas Systems Installers, 2001.

ASSE 6030, Professional Qualification Standard for Medical Gas Systems Verifiers, 2001.

ASSE 6040, Professional Qualification Standard for Medical Gas Maintenance Personnel, 2001.

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2.3.5 ASTM Publications. ASTM International, 100 Barr Har- bor Drive, P.O. Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959.

ASTM B 32, Standard Specification for Solder Metal, 1996.

ASTM B 88, Standard Specification for Seamless Copper Water Tube, 2002.

ASTM B 280, Standard Specification for Seamless Copper Tubing for Air Conditioning and Refrigeration Field Service, 2002.

ASTM B 819, Standard Specification for Seamless Copper Tube for Medical Gas Systems, 2000.

ASTM B 828, Standard Practice for Making Capillary Joints by Soldering of Copper and Copper Alloy Tube and Fittings, 2002.

ASTM D 5, Standard Test Method for Penetration of Bituminous Materials, 1997.

ASTM D 1785, Standard Specification for Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Plastic Pipe, Schedules 40, 80, and 120, 2006.

ASTM D 2466, Standard Specification for Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Plastic Pipe Fittings, Schedule 40, 2006.

ASTM D 2467, Standard Specification for Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Plastic Pipe Fittings, Schedule 80, 2006.

ASTM D 2672, Standard Specification for Joints for IPS PVC Pipe Using Solvent Cement, 2010.

ASTM D 2846, Standard Specification for Chlorinated Poly (Vi- nyl Chloride) (CPVC) Plastic Hot- and Cold-Water Distribution Sys- tems, 2009b.

ASTM D 2863, Standard Test Method for Measuring the Mini- mum Oxygen Concentration to Support Candle-Like Combustion of Plastics (Oxygen Index) (ANSI D2863), 1997.

ASTM E 84, Standard Test Method for Surface Burning Charac- teristics of Building Materials, 2010.

ASTM E 136, Standard Test Method for Behavior of Materials in a Vertical Tube Furnace at 750°C, 1998.

ASTM F 438, Standard Specification for Socket-Type Chlorinated Poly (Vinyl Chlorinated) (CPVC) Plastic Pipe Fittings, Schedule 40, 2009.

ASTM F 439, Standard Specification for Chlorinated Poly (Vinyl Chlorinated) (CPVC) Plastic Pipe Fittings, Schedule 80, 2009.

ASTM F 441, Standard Specification for Chlorinated Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (CPVC) Plastic Pipe, Schedules 40 and 80, 2009.

ASTM F 493, Solvent Cements for CPVC Pipe and Fittings, 2004.

2.3.6 AWS Publications. American Welding Society, 550 NW LeJeune Road, Miami, FL 33126.

ANSI/AWS A5.8, Specification for Filler Metals for Brazing and Braze Welding, 1992.

AWS B2.2, Standard for Brazing Procedure and Performance Qualification, 1991.

2.3.7 BICSI Publications. BICSI, 8610 Hidden River Park- way, Tampa, FL 33637-1000.

Telecommunications Distribution Methods Manual, 11th edi- tion, 2006.

The BICSI Information Transport Systems (ITS) Dictionary, 3rd edition.

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99–16 HEALTH CARE FACILITIES CODE

2.3.8 CDA Publications. Copper Development Association Inc., 260 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10016.

Copper Tube Handbook, 2010.

2.3.9 CGA Publications. Compressed Gas Association, 4221 Walney Road, 5th Floor, Chantilly, VA 20151-2923.

CGA C-4, Method of Marking Portable Compressed Gas Contain- ers to Identify the Material Contained, 1954.

CGA C-7, Guide to the Preparation of Precautionary Labeling and Marking of Compressed Gas Containers, 2004.

CGA G-4, Oxygen, 2008.

CGA G-4.1, Cleaning Equipment for Oxygen Service, 2009.

CGA G-6.1, Standard for Insulated Carbon Dioxide Systems at Consumer Sites, 2005.

CGA G-6.5, Standard for Small, Stationary, Insulated Carbon Dioxide Supply Systems, 2007.

CGA G-8.1, Standard for Nitrous Oxide Systems at Consumer Sites, 2007.

CGA M-1, Guide for Medical Gas Installations at Consumer Sites, 2007.

CGA O2-DIR, Directory of Cleaning Agents for Oxygen Service, Edition 4.

CGA P-2.5, Transfilling of High Pressure Gaseous Oxygen to be Used for Respiration, 2007.

CGA P-2.6, Transfilling of Liquid Oxygen to be Used for Respira- tion, 2008.

CGA P-2.7, Guide for the Safe Storage, Handling, and Use of Portable Liquid Oxygen Systems in Healthcare Facilities, 2008.

CGA P-18, Standard for Bulk Inert Gas Systems at Consumer Sites, 2006.

CGA V-1, Compressed Gas Association Standard for Com- pressed Gas Cylinder Valve Outlet and Inlet Connections (ANSI B57.1), 2005.

CGA V-5, Diameter-Index Safety System (Noninterchangeable Low Pressure Connections for Medical Gas Applications), 2008.

CGA V-6, Standard Cryogenic Liquid Transfer Connection, 2008.

2.3.10 CSA Publications. Canadian Standards Association, 5060 Spectrum Way, Mississauga, ON, L4W 5N6, Canada.

CSA C22.2 No. 0.3, Test Methods for Electrical Wires and Cables, 2009.

2.3.11 IEC Publications. International Electrotechnical Com- mission, 3, rue de Varembé, P.O. Box 131, CH-1211 Geneva 20, Switzerland.

IEC 60601-1-2, Medical Electrical Equipment — Part 1–2: Gen- eral Requirements for Safety — Collateral Standard: Electromagnetic Compatibility — Requirements and Tests, 2004.

2.3.12 ISA Publications. Instrumentation, Systems, and Au- tomation Society (ISA), 67 Alexander Drive, Research Tri- angle Park, NC 27709.

ANSI/ISA S-7.0.01, Quality Standard for Instrument Air, 1996.

RP 12.6, Installation of Intrinsically Safe Systems in Hazardous Locations, 1995.

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2.3.13 MSS Publications. Manufacturer’s Standardization Society of the Valve and Fittings Industry, Inc., 127 Park Street NE, Vienna, VA 22180.

SP-58, Pipe Hangers and Supports — Materials, Design, Manu- facture, Selection, Application and Installation, 2009

2.3.14 TC Publications. Transport Canada, 330 Sparks Street, Ottawa, ON, K1A/ON5, Canada.

Transportation of Dangerous Goods Regulations.

2.3.15 TIA Publications. Telecommunications Industry Asso- ciation, 2500 Wilson Boulevard, Suite 300, Arlington, VA 22201.

TIA/EIA 568-B, Commercial Building Telecommunications Ca- bling Standard, 2003.

TIA/EIA 606-A, Administration Standard for Commercial Tele- communications Infrastructure, 2002.

2.3.16 UL Publications. Underwriters Laboratories Inc., 333 Pfingsten Road, Northbrook, IL 60062–2096.

UL 263, Standard for Fire Test of Building Construction and Materials, 2003.

UL 723, Standard for Test for Surface Burning Characteristics of Building Materials, 2008.

UL 1685, Standard for Vertical-Tray Fire-Propagation and Smoke- Release Test for Electrical and Optical-Fiber Cables, 2007.

2.3.17 U.S. Government Publications. Document Automa- tion and Production Service (DAPS), Building 4D, 700 Robbins Avenue, Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094, www.dodssp.daps.mil.

21 USC 9, United States Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act.

U.S. Government Commercial Standard 223-59, Casters, Wheels, and Glides for Hospital Equipment.

2.3.18 Other Publications.

Merriam-Webster’s Collegiate Dictionary, 11th edition, Merriam-Webster, Inc., Springfield, MA, 2003.

CSA C22.2 No. 0.3–M, Test Methods for Electrical Wires and Cables, 2009.

2.4 References for Extracts in Mandatory Sections. NFPA 13, Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems, 2010

edition. NFPA 30, Flammable and Combustible Liquids Code, 2012

edition. NFPA 45, Standard on Fire Protection for Laboratories Using

Chemicals, 2011 edition. NFPA 55, Compressed Gases and Cryogenic Fluids Code, 2010

edition. NFPA 70®, National Electrical Code®, 2011 edition. NFPA 90A, Standard for the Installation of Air-Conditioning and

Ventilating Systems, 2012 edition. NFPA 99B, Standard for Hypobaric Facilities, 2010 edition. NFPA 101®, Life Safety Code®, 2012 edition. NFPA 110, Standard for Emergency and Standby Power Systems,

2010 edition. NFPA 1670, Standard on Operations and Training for Technical

Search and Rescue Incidents, 2009 edition. NFPA 5000®, Building Construction and Safety Code®, 2012

edition.

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99–17DEFINITIONS

Chapter 3 Definitions

3.1 General. The definitions contained in this chapter shall ap- ply to the terms used in this code. Where terms are not defined in this chapter or within another chapter, they shall be defined us- ing their ordinarily accepted meanings within the context in which they are used. Merriam-Webster’s Collegiate Dictionary, 11th edition, shall be the source for the ordinarily accepted meaning.

3.2 NFPA Official Definitions.

3.2.1* Approved. Acceptable to the authority having juris- diction.

3.2.2* Authority Having Jurisdiction (AHJ). An organization, office, or individual responsible for enforcing the require- ments of a code or standard, or for approving equipment, materials, an installation, or a procedure.

3.2.3* Code. A standard that is an extensive compilation of pro- visions covering broad subject matter or that is suitable for adop- tion into law independently of other codes and standards.

3.2.4 Guide. A document that is advisory or informative in na- ture and that contains only nonmandatory provisions. A guide may contain mandatory statements such as when a guide can be used, but the document as a whole is not suitable for adoption into law.

3.2.5 Labeled. Equipment or materials to which has been at- tached a label, symbol, or other identifying mark of an organiza- tion that is acceptable to the authority having jurisdiction and concerned with product evaluation, that maintains periodic in- spection of production of labeled equipment or materials, and by whose labeling the manufacturer indicates compliance with appropriate standards or performance in a specified manner.

3.2.6* Listed. Equipment, materials, or services included in a list published by an organization that is acceptable to the author- ity having jurisdiction and concerned with evaluation of products or services, that maintains periodic inspection of production of listed equipment or materials or periodic evaluation of services, and whose listing states that either the equipment, material, or service meets appropriate designated standards or has been tested and found suitable for a specified purpose.

3.2.7 Shall. Indicates a mandatory requirement.

3.2.8 Should. Indicates a recommendation or that which is advised but not required.

3.2.9 Standard. A document, the main text of which contains only mandatory provisions using the word “shall” to indicate requirements and which is in a form generally suitable for mandatory reference by another standard or code or for adop- tion into law. Nonmandatory provisions shall be located in an appendix or annex, footnote, or fine-print note and are not to be considered a part of the requirements of a standard.

3.3 General Definitions.

3.3.1 ACFM. Actual cubic feet per minute. (PIP)

3.3.2 Adiabatic Heating. The heating of a gas caused by its compression. (HYP)

3.3.3 Aerosol. An intimate mixture of a liquid or a solid in a gas; the liquid or solid, called the dispersed phase, is uniformly distributed in a finely divided state throughout the gas, which is the continuous phase or dispersing medium. (MED)

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3.3.4 Alarm System.

3.3.4.1 Area Alarm System. A warning system within an area of use that provides continuous visible and audible surveil- lance of Category 1 and Category 2 medical gas and vacuum systems. (PIP)

3.3.4.2 Category 3 Alarm System. A warning system within an area of use that provides continuous visible and audible surveillance of Category 3 medical gas systems. (PIP)

3.3.4.3 Local Alarm System. A warning system that provides continuous visible and audible surveillance of medical gas and vacuum system source equipment at the equipment site. (PIP)

3.3.4.4 Master Alarm System. A warning system that moni- tors the operation and condition of the source of supply, the reserve source (if any), and the pressure in the main lines of each medical gas and vacuum piping system. (PIP)

3.3.5 Alternate Power Source. One or more generator sets, or battery systems where permitted, intended to provide power during the interruption of the normal electrical service; or the public utility electrical service intended to provide power dur- ing interruption of service normally provided by the generat- ing facilities on the premises. (ELS)

3.3.6 Ambulatory Health Care Center. A building or portion thereof used to provide services or treatment simultaneously to four or more patients that (1) provides, on an outpatient basis, treatment for patients that renders the patients incapable of tak- ing action for self-preservation under emergency conditions without the assistance of others; or (2) provides, on an outpatient basis, anesthesia that renders the patients incapable of taking ac- tion for self-preservation under emergency conditions without the assistance of others. (FUN)

3.3.7 Ampacity. The current, in amperes, that a conductor can carry continuously under the conditions of use without exceed- ing its temperature rating. (ELS)

3.3.8 Anesthetic. As used in this code, applies to any inhala- tional agent used to produce sedation, analgesia, or general anesthesia. (MED)

3.3.9* Anesthetizing Location. Any area of a facility that has been designated to be used for the administration of general anesthesia. (MED)

3.3.10 Anoxia. A state of markedly inadequate oxygenation of the tissues and blood, of more marked degree than hy- poxia. (HYP)

3.3.11 Appliance. Utilization equipment, generally other than industrial, normally built in standardized sizes or types, that is installed or connected as a unit to perform one or more func- tions. (MED)

3.3.12* Applicator. A means of applying high-frequency energy to a patient other than by an electrically conductive connection. (MED)

3.3.13 Area of Administration. Any point within a room within 4.3 m (15 ft) of oxygen equipment or an enclosure containing or intended to contain an oxygen-enriched atmosphere. (MED)

3.3.14* Atmosphere. The pressure exerted by, and gaseous composition of, an environment. (HYP)

3.3.14.1 Ambient Atmosphere. The pressure and composi- tion of the environment surrounding a chamber. (HYP)

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99–18 HEALTH CARE FACILITIES CODE

3.3.14.2 Atmosphere Absolute (ATA). The pressure of the earth’s atmosphere, 760.0 mmHg, 101.325 kPa, or 14.7 psia. Two ATA = two atmospheres. (See also 3.3.14, Atmosphere.) (HYP)

3.3.14.3* Atmosphere of Increased Burning Rate. Any atmo- sphere containing a percentage of oxygen or oxygen and nitrous oxide greater than the quotient of 23.45 divided by the square root of the total pressure in atmospheres. (HYP)

3.3.14.4 Chamber Atmosphere. The environment inside a chamber. (HYP)

3.3.15 Automatic. Providing a function without the necessity of human intervention. (ELS)

3.3.16 Bathrooms. An area including a basin with one or more of the following: a toilet, a tub, or a shower. (FUN)

3.3.17 Battery-Powered Lighting Units. Individual unit equip- ment for backup illumination consisting of a rechargeable bat- tery, battery-charging means, provisions for one or more lamps mounted on the equipment, or with terminals for remote lamps, or both, and relaying device arranged to energize the lamps au- tomatically upon failure of the supply to the unit equipment. [70, 2011] (ELS)

3.3.18 Bends. Decompression sickness; caisson worker’s dis- ease. (HYP)

3.3.19 Branch Circuit. The circuit conductors between the fi- nal overcurrent device protecting the circuit and the outlet(s). [70, 2011] (ELS)

3.3.20 Branch Line. See 3.3.144, Piping.

3.3.21 Bulk System. An assembly of equipment, such as storage containers, pressure regulators, pressure relief devices, vaporiz- ers, manifolds, and interconnecting piping, that terminates at the source valve of oxygen or 1452 kg (3200 lb) of nitrous oxide, including unconnected reserves on the site. (PIP)

3.3.21.1 Bulk Inert Gas System. An assembly of equipment consisting of, but not limited to, storage containers, pressure regulators, pressure relief devices, vaporizers, manifolds, and piping, with a storage capacity of more than 20,000 ft3 (scf) (566 m3) of inert gas including unconnected reserves on hand at the site. The bulk system terminates at the point where the gas supply, at service pressure, first enters the sup- ply line. The containers are either stationary or movable, and the source gas is stored as a compressed gas or cryogenic fluid. (PIP)

3.3.21.2 Bulk Nitrous Oxide System. An assembly of equip- ment as described in the definition of bulk oxygen system that has a storage capacity of more than 1452 kg (3200 lb) [ap- proximately 793 m3 (28,000 ft3) (at normal temperature and pressure)] of nitrous oxide. (PIP)

3.3.21.3* Bulk Oxygen System. An assembly of equipment such as oxygen storage containers, pressure regulators, pres- sure relief devices, vaporizers, manifolds, and interconnect- ing piping that has a storage capacity of more than 566 m3

(20,000 ft3) of oxygen (at normal temperature and pressure), including unconnected reserves on hand at the site. (PIP)

3.3.22 Category 3 Drive Gas System. An assembly of compo- nent parts including, but not limited to, the source, pressure and operating controls, filters and purification equipment, valves, alarm warning systems, alarm wiring, gauges, and a net-

work of piping and suitable outlets that produces and distrib-
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utes compressed air from cylinders, compressed air from com- pressors, or nitrogen from cylinders less than 1100 kPa gauge (less than 160 psi gauge) to power devices (hand pieces, sy- ringes, cleaning devices, delivery system chairs, and so forth) as a power source. The system includes the compressor intakes and ends with the service outlet where the user connects their clinical equipment. (PIP)

3.3.23 Category 3 Vacuum System. A Category 3 vacuum distri- bution system that can be either a wet system designed to remove liquids, air–gas, or solids from the treated area; or a dry system designed to trap liquid and solids before the service inlet and to accommodate air–gas only through the service inlet. (PIP)

3.3.24 Cold Room. A refrigerated area large enough for per- sonnel to enter.

3.3.25 Combustible. Capable of undergoing combustion. (MED)

3.3.26* Combustible Liquid. Any liquid that was a closed-cup flash point at or above 37.8°C (100°F). Combustible liquids are classified as follows: (a) Class II liquid. Any liquid that has a flash point at or above 37.8°C (100°F) and below 60°C (140°F); (b) Class IIIA liquid. Any liquid that has a flash point at or above 60°C (140°F) and below 93°C (200°F); (c) Class IIIB liquid. Any liquid that has a flash point at or above 93°C (200°F).

3.3.27* Combustion. A chemical process of oxidation that oc- curs at a rate fast enough to produce heat and usually light in the form of either a glow or flame. [5000, 2012] (HYP)

3.3.28 Compact Storage. Storage on solid shelves not exceed- ing 0.9 m (36 in.) in total depth, arranged as part of a compact storage module, with no more than 0.76 m (30 in.) between shelves vertically and with no internal vertical flue spaces other than those between individual shelving sections. [13, 2010] (FUN)

3.3.29 Container. A low-pressure, vacuum-insulated vessel containing gases in liquid form. (MED)

3.3.29.1 Liquid Oxygen Ambulatory Container. A container used for liquid oxygen not exceeding 1.5 L (0.396 gal) spe- cifically designed for use as a medical device as defined by 21 USC Chapter 9, the United States Food, Drug and Cos- metic Act, that is intended for portable therapeutic use and to be filled from its companion base unit, which is a liquid oxygen home care container. (MED)

3.3.29.2 Liquid Oxygen Base Reservoir Container. A con- tainer used for liquid oxygen not exceeding 60 L (15.8 gal) specifically designed for use as a medical device as defined by 21 USC Chapter 9, the United States Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act, that is intended to deliver gaseous oxygen for therapeutic use, transfilling, or both. (MED)

3.3.29.3 Liquid Oxygen Home Care Container. A container used for liquid oxygen not exceeding 60 L (15.8 gal) spe- cifically designed for use as a medical device as defined by 21 USC Chapter 9, the United States Food, Drug and Cos- metic Act, that is intended to deliver gaseous oxygen for therapeutic use in a home environment. (MED)

3.3.29.4 Liquid Oxygen Portable Container. A container used for liquid oxygen not exceeding 1.5 L (0.396 gal) spe- cifically designed for use as a medical device as defined by 21 USC Chapter 9, the United States Food, Drug and Cos- metic Act, that is intended for portable therapeutic use and to be filled from its companion base unit, which is a liquid

oxygen base reservoir container. (MED)
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99–19DEFINITIONS

3.3.30 Critical Branch. system of feeders and branch circuits supplying power for task illumination, fixed equipment, select receptacles, and select power circuits serving areas and functions related to patient care that are automatically connected to alter- nate power sources by one or more transfer switches during in- terruption of the normal power source. (ELS)

3.3.31 Critical Care Area. See 3.3.138, Patient Care Room.

3.3.32 Critical Equipment. That equipment essential to the safety of the occupants of the facility. (HYP)

3.3.33 Cylinder. A supply tank containing high-pressure gases or gas mixtures at pressures that can be in excess of 13.8 kPa gauge (2000 psi gauge). (MED)

3.3.34 Decompression Sickness. A syndrome due to evolved gas in the tissues resulting from a reduction in ambient pressure. (HYP)

3.3.35* Defend in Place. The operational response to an emer- gency in a building, in which the initial action does not involve evacuation of the building occupants. (FUN)

3.3.36 Demand Check. A paired set of fittings that permit gas flow when correctly mated but interrupt flow when separated. (PIP)

3.3.37 Detonation. An exothermic reaction wherein the reac- tion propagates through the unreacted material at a rate exceed- ing the velocity of sound, hence the explosive noise. (MED)

3.3.38* Direct Electrical Pathway to the Heart. An externalized conductive pathway, insulated except at its ends, one end of which is in direct contact with heart muscle while the other is outside the body and is accessible for inadvertent or inten- tional contact with grounded objects or energized, ground- referenced sources. (MED)

3.3.39* Disaster. Within the context of this code, any unusual occurrence or unforeseen situation that seriously overtaxes or threatens to seriously overtax the routine capabilities of a health care facility. (HES)

3.3.40 D.I.S.S. Connector. A system of noninterchangeable medical gas and vacuum connectors complying with CGA V-5, Diameter-Index Safety System (Noninterchangeable Low Pressure Con- nections for Medical Gas Applications). (PIP)

3.3.41* Double-Insulated Appliances. Appliances where the primary means of protection against electrical shock is not grounding. The primary means is by the use of combinations of insulation and separation spacings in accordance with an ap- proved standard. (MED)

3.3.42 Electrical Life Support Equipment. Electrically powered equipment whose continuous operation is necessary to maintain a patient’s life. (ELS)

3.3.43 Electrode. An electrically conductive connection to a patient. (MED)

3.3.43.1 Active Electrode. An electrode intended to gener- ate a surgical or physiological effect at its point of applica- tion to the patient. (MED)

3.3.43.2 Bipolar Electrode. An electrode consisting of adja- cent contacts (e.g., the two legs of a forceps) such that the current passes between the pair of contacts generating the intended effect. (MED)

3.3.43.3* Dispersive Electrode. An electrode intended to complete the electrical path between patient and appli- ance and at which no surgical effect is intended. (MED)

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3.3.44 Emergency Management. The act of developing proce- dures and plans to create effective preparedness, mitigation, response, and recovery during a disaster affecting a health care facility. (HES)

3.3.45 Emergency Oxygen Supply Connection. An assembly of equipment that permits a gas supplier to make a temporary connection to supply oxygen to a building that has had its normal source of oxygen disconnected. (PIP)

3.3.46 Equipment Branch. A system of feeders and branch circuits arranged for delayed, automatic, or manual connec- tion to the alternate power source and that serves primarily 3-phase power equipment. (ELS)

3.3.47 Equipment Grounding Bus. A grounding terminal bus in the feeder circuit of the branch circuit distribution panel that serves a particular area. (MED)

3.3.48* Essential Electrical System. A system comprised of alter- nate sources of power and all connected distribution systems and ancillary equipment, designed to ensure continuity of electrical power to designated areas and functions of a health care facility during disruption of normal power sources, and also to minimize disruption within the internal wiring system. (ELS)

3.3.49 Evacuation — Waste Gas. See 3.3.183, Waste Anes- thetic Gas Disposal.

3.3.50 Exposed Conductive Surfaces. Those surfaces that are capable of carrying electric current and that are unprotected, uninsulated, unenclosed, or unguarded, permitting personal contact. (ELE)

3.3.51* Failure. An incident that increases the hazard to per- sonnel or patients or that affects the safe functioning of elec- tric appliances or devices. (MED)

3.3.52 Fault Current. A current in an accidental connection between an energized and a grounded or other conductive element resulting from a failure of insulation, spacing, or con- tainment of conductors. (ELS)

3.3.53 Feeder. All circuit conductors between the service equipment, the source of a separately derived system, or other power supply source and the final branch-circuit overcurrent device. (ELS)

3.3.54* Flammable. A combustible that is capable of easily being ignited and rapidly consumed by fire.

3.3.55 Flammable Gas. Any substance that exists in the gas- eous state at normal atmospheric temperature and pressure and is capable of being ignited and burned when mixed with proper proportion of air, oxygen, or other oxidizers. (HYP)

3.3.56 Flammable Liquid. A liquid that has a closed-cup flash point that is below 37.8°C (100°F) and a maximum vapor pres- sure of 2068 mmHg (40 psi absolute) at 37.8°C (100°F).

3.3.57* Flash Point. The minimum temperature at which a liq- uid or a solid emits vapor sufficient to form an ignitable mixture with air near the surface of the liquid or the solid. (FUN)

3.3.58 Flow-Control Valve. A valve, usually a needle valve, that precisely controls flow of gas. (MED)

3.3.59 Flowmeter. A device for measuring volumetric flow rates of gases and liquids. (MED)

3.3.59.1 Pressure Compensated Flowmeter. A flowmeter indi- cating accurate flow of gas whether the gas is discharged into ambient pressure or into a system at nonambient pressure. (MED)

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