Nonliving fluid matrix of blood

Hands On Lab- Endocrine System & Hands On Lab- Blood And Heart

Cardiovascular System: Blood and Heart
Whole Blood

Use the following terms to complete this passage. Place the letter in the numbered spaces provided.

a. Erythrocyte

b. Thrombocyte

c. Plasma

d. Red blood cells

e. Leukocytes

f. Connective

g. White Blood Cells

h. Platelets

i. Injury

j. 55%

k. 45%

In terms of its tissue classification, blood is classified as a ____(1)______tissue because it’s extracellular matrix determines its function. Blood is composed of living blood cells, called formed substances, suspended in a nonliving fluid matrix called ___(2)________. The “fibers” of blood only become visible during ______(3)____________.

When blood is centrifuged, the plasma is less dense and rises to the top. It makes up ___(4)_____ of whole blood.

The other 45% is comprised of 3 formed elements, scientifically they are called: ____(5)_______ (RBC), _____(6)____ (WBC) and ____(7)_____(platelets).

The heavier blood cells become packed at the bottom. Most of the bottom is composed of _____(8)___________.

The “buffy coat” separates these two areas. It is composed of ____(9)______ and ___(10)_______.

White Blood Cells
Answer the following questions about the WBCs.

1. There are 5 Leukocytes, neutrophils, basophils, eosinophils, lymphocytes and monocytes.

I. Which are granular and which are agranular?

II. Rank them from the most numerous to least numerous.

2. Name the Leukocytes pictured below.

I.

A. _____

B. _____

C. _____

D. _____

E. _____

Which part of whole blood is being described below? (Terms may be used more than once)
Characteristic

Use the following terms:

RBC, WBC, Platelets or Plasma

Carries oxygen

Coagulation

Immunity

No nuclei, Lives about 3 months

Broken megakaryocyte

Numbers increase during infection

Greatest number of formed elements

Contains albumin, fibrin and globulin proteins

Blood Type
The Blood Type Matching game (opens window) is secondary and optional. The object of the game is to score as many points as possible by matching the appropriate blood type of a donor to the blood type of a recipient. During each round, a total of 10 recipients will walk onto the screen. You then click on the donor you think is a match — there's no guarantee that a match exists every time. Each round has a set amount of matches you must make to proceed, and time gets shorter with each progressive round you face.

Analysis Questions (Don’t forget to highlight your answers)
1. Tell me which antigens (A, B and/or Rh) would be found on the red blood cell and which antibodies (A, B, and/or Rh) would be found in the plasma of the following individuals. (Note : antibodies are called Anti-A antibody and not A antibody).

Blood Type

Agglutinogens or antigens

Agglutinins or antibodies in plasma

Can donate blood to type

Can receive blood from type

Type A+

A, Rh

A, AB

Type B-

Anti- A

B, O

Type AB+

None

AB

Type O-

(exposed to Rh+ blood)

None

O

2. Why is type O considered the universal donor? (It can give to all blood types is NOT acceptable, explain what its blood antigen/ antibody make up has to do with this ability).

3. Why is type AB the universal recipient? (It can receive from all blood types is NOT acceptable, explain what its blood antigen/ antibody make up has to do with this ability)

4. If patient 2, from the chart above (B-), was given B+ blood, what would happen in regards to her/his plasma antibodies?

The Heart
To understand the anatomy of the heart you will watch a video and fill out the chart below. Most of the structures are in the video, however, some you may need to use your book or another resource.

The Heart

Structure

Function

Oxygenated/Deoxygenated/Both

Right atria

Receive blood from the systemic circulation

Tricuspid valve

Aorta

Oxygenated

Prevents heart valve prolapse by contracting

Both

Carries blood to the right atria from structures and organs above the heart

Deoxygenated

Chordae tendinae

Both

Prevent the back flow of blood from the left ventricle to the left atria

Oxygenated

Inferior vena cava

Prevent the back flow of blood from the aorta to the ventricle

Oxygenated

First vessel to transports blood to the lungs

Deoxygenated

Interventricular septum

Left ventricle

Receives blood from left atria and contracts to pump blood into the aorta

Cardiac sinus

Delivers blood to the right atria from the cardiac veins.

Receives blood from pulmonary veins, Feeds blood to left ventricle for distribution

Oxygenated

Pulmonary semilunar valve

Prevents back flow of blood from the pulmonary trunk to the right ventricle

Pulmonary arteries

Accept blood from the right atria and contracts to pump blood to the pulmonary trunk

Deoxygenated

Interatrial septum

Separates the left and right atria.

Pulmonary veins

Oxygenated

Label the Heart
1.

2. Semilunar Aortic valve_____

3. Semilunar pulmonary valve_____

4. Inferior vena cava_____

5. Left ventricle_____

6. Right atrium_____

7. Tricuspid valve_____

8. aorta_____

9. Right ventricle_____

10. Interventricular septum_____

11. pulmonary artery _____

EKG Interpretation
Cardiac Conduction
The heart has its own system in place to create nerve impulses and does not actually require the brain to make it beat. This electrical system is called the cardiac conduction system. It is made up of specialized tissues and cells embedded in the heart that send impulses directly to the atria and ventricles, causing them to contract. In the normal cardiac cycle, the left and right atria contract together first followed by the contraction of the ventricles together.

a. The cardiac conduction system is complex, but there are five crucial parts. Name the parts of the conduction system beginning at the sinoatrial (SA) node.

1. ____

2. ____

3. ____

4. ____

5. ____

Electrocardiograms
An electrocardiogram is a measurement of the electrical activity and impulses created by the heart. It is most often referred to as an EKG or ECG. Electrodes are placed on the chest and each electrical impulse is translated into a wave pattern on a grid. The grid allows for the calculation of the duration and amplitude of each impulse, as well as whether the impulses are abnormal or irregular. Flat lines on the grid represent no electrical activity, upward spikes represent electrical activity or depolarization, and downward spikes represent repolarization.

Match
1.

2. P wave _____

3. QRS Complex _____

4. T wave _____

5. PR Interval _____

6. QT interval _____

a. Time between the depolarization of the atria and ventricles

b. Depolarization and contraction of the right and left atria

c. Repolarization and relaxation of the ventricles

d. Time for the ventricles to contract and relax

e. Depolarization and contraction of the right and left ventricles

Label
1. T wave _____

2. QT Interval _____

3. P wave _____

4. PR Interval _____

5. QRS Complex _____