Objectives of health and hygiene

Community Teaching Work Plan Proposal

Directions: Develop an educational series proposal for your community using one of the following four topics:

1) Bioterrorism/Disaster

2) Environmental Issues

3) Primary Prevention/Health Promotion

4) Secondary Prevention/Screenings for a Vulnerable Population

Planning Before Teaching:

Name and Credentials of Teacher:

Estimated Time Teaching Will Last:

2 hours

Location of Teaching:

Supplies, Material, Equipment Needed:

Soaps, pamphlets

Estimated Cost:

Community and Target Aggregate:

150 people

Topic:

Primary health prevention

Epidemiological Rationale for Topic (statistics related to topic):

Various researches undertaken have discovered that majority of stomach problems affecting individuals are cause by poor sanitation. It is also identified that 50 % of such ailments can be prevented through washing hands. Also, it has been identified that 16% of respiratory infections can also be reduced through hand washing practices. Proper handwashing practices can be undertaken through the use of regular hand washing using sanitizers such as alcohol. This practice as utilized in elementary schools is stated to effectively reduce human infections by 19.8% (WHO, 2014).

Nursing Diagnosis:

Most of the risk factors are associated with human attributes such as:

1. Age

2. Inadequate information

Readiness for Learning: Identify the factors that would indicate the readiness to learn for the target aggregate. Include emotional and experiential readiness to learn.

These project will seek various indications which will show the readiness of the people to learning. Such indications will include;

1. Their readiness to undertaking the lesson

2. Asking the learners questions concerning their hand washing practices and their infection prevention practices.

3. Giving the learners time to present their ideas and ensuring that the correct practice is utilized.

Learning Theory to Be Utilized: Explain how the theory will be applied.

The learning process will involve the use of handouts where the learners will be issued with the materials before the lesson is administered. These handouts will be detailed with the relevant information about the numerous diseases that are caused as a result of poor handwashing practices, best hand washing practices, best detergents to use and the importance of hand washing (Luby et al, 2005). It will also include an explanation of how undertaking the practice wills enhance the fight against infections.

Goal: Healthy People 2020 (HP2020) objective(s) utilized as the goal for the teaching. Include the appropriate objective number and rationale for using the selected HP2020 objective (use at least one objective from one of the 24 focus areas). If an HP2020 objective does not support your teaching, explain how your teaching applies to one of the two overarching HP2020 goals.

. This article enhances two main objectives which include; the prevention and eradication of human infections and secondly it promotes the aspect of human respiratory problems through the enhancement of proper human practices. The prevention measures utilized include routine checkups as well as undertaking early treatment in case one gets infected (US Dept. of Health and Human Services, 2000).

Handwashing is considered one of the first step towards enhancing proper heath practices since it prevents the spread of numerous infections. Various researches have argued that the practice of washing hands is one of the most effective practices which are used in the process of mitigating human infections (Pessoa-Silva et al. (2007). This is due to the fact that healthcare infections cause most of human complications. Therefore, the prevention of such infection will enable the government to save a lot of money which in most cases is used to cater for these infections.

How Does This HP2020 Objective Relate to Alma Ata’s Health for All Global Initiatives (See page 116 in the textbook)?

The Alma-Ata’s declaration of 1978 stated that it is a human right to ensure that a human body should maintain a health which is free from diseases and it should have both physical as well as mental well-being (Van Lerberghe, 2008). Therefore, individuals should ensure that they maintain a healthy life. Also it stated the need for social and economic sectors should enhance their efforts in boosting the health sector (World Health Organization (WHO), 2014). Such efforts are made to bridge the disparity in the health status between the developed and the developing states.

Develop Behavioral Objectives (Including Domains), Content, and Strategies/Methods:

Behavioral Objective and Domain

Example – Third-grade students will name one healthy food choice in each of the five food groups by the end of the presentation. (Cognitive Domain)

Content (be specific)

Example – The Food Pyramid has five food groups which are….

Healthy foods from each group are…. Unhealthy foods containing a lot of sugar or fat are….

Strategies/Methods

(label and describe)

Example – Interactive poster presentation of the Food Pyramid. After an explanation of the poster and each food category, allow students to place pictures of foods on the correct spot on the pyramid. Also, have the class analyze what a child had for lunch by putting names of foods on the poster and discussing what food group still needs to be eaten throughout day.

1. When should people wash their hands?

1. after they visit the loos and before they start eating and

1. showing them pictures of how people contact infections when they fail to wash their hands

2. State one disease that can be prevented when an individual wash their hands?

2. stomach infections

2. state the importance of washing hands.

3. What is the best method of washing hands?

3. showing them how to wash hands practically

3. Allow them to demonstrate how to wash hands.

4. Benefits observed when people always wash their hands

4. how hand washing prevent infections

4. give the learners time to go through the pamphlets to be conversant with hand washing instructions

Creativity: How was creativity applied in the teaching methods/strategies?

The teaching strategy involved the use of pamphlets with different images showing the process of germ contamination.

Planned Evaluation of Objectives (Outcome Evaluation): Describe what you will measure for each objective and how.

Measure the understating of the subject through asking questions on the subject

Observe the way they practically manifest the learned concept through practically involving them in the process

Observe their reaction and expression after the hand washing lesson

Observe the number of questions they raise after the lesson.

Planned Evaluation of Goal: Describe how and when you could evaluate the overall effectiveness of your teaching plan.

Engage them in the hand washing process and observe how they wash their hands and also answer any question that they may raise in the process.

Planned Evaluation of Lesson and Teacher (Process Evaluation):

The lesson was effective despite the low turnout. Those who availed themselves were cooperative and they enhanced effective communication through asking questions which bothered them as the lesson was undertaken. The lesson also attained its objective since the learners were attentive throughout the lesson and then they actively participated in the practical handwashing process where most stated that they will actively convince other community members to utilize hand washing processes as a measure of controlling different infections which affected them.

Barriers: What are potential barriers that may arise during teaching and how will those be handled?

One of the main barriers observed was lack of cooperation form the community members who did not turn up in large numbers. This had an implication that many people do not enhance hand washing practices since they could not be convinced of its relevance (WHO, 2014).

Communication: How will you begin your presentation (hook them in)? How will you end your presentation (go out with a bang)? What nonverbal communication techniques will you employ?

The presentation will involve the acknowledgment of the learners to the lesson and then they will be issued with the pictured pamphlets to gain their attention. Different gestures will be used to explain the different handwashing practices to enhance their understanding. The presentation will end by giving tokens such as handwashing soap to different learners who will answer summative questions correctly.

References

Luby, S. P., Agboatwalla, M., Feikin, D. R., Painter, J., Billhimer, W., Altaf, A., & Hoekstra, R. M. (2005). Effect of handwashing on child health: a randomised controlled trial. The Lancet, 366(9481), 225-233.

Pessoa-Silva, C. L., Hugonnet, S., Pfister, R., Touveneau, S., Dharan, S., Posfay-Barbe, K., & Pittet, D. (2007). Reduction of health care–associated infection risk in neonates by successful hand hygiene promotion. Pediatrics, 120(2), e382-e390.

US Department of Health and Human Services. (2000). Office of disease prevention and health promotion. Healthy people 2020. Nasnewsletter, 15(3), 3.

Van Lerberghe, W. (2008). The world health report 2008: primary health care: now more than ever. World Health Organization.