Organic Chemistry
Molecular Model Lab
Objective: To employ molecular models to investigate the bonding of the carbon atom in various types of organic compounds. The geometry, bond flexibility / rotation, and the arrangement and / or connectivity of various atoms around the carbon will be explored.
Atoms: The following atoms will be used for this experiment:
Carbon = black ball
Hydrogen = white ball
Oxygen = red ball
Nitrogen = blue ball
Halogen (F, Cl, Br, or I) = green ball
Terminology:
Hybridization: The combination of atomic orbitals of different types. The hybridization depends on the electron geometry of a molecule
Isomer: Different compounds or representation of a compound with the same molecular formula
Constitutional (Structural)
Stereoisomers (Geometric or Optical)
Conformational
Sigma bond (σ): A bond where the electron density lies between two nuclei, along the axis joining them, and is cylindrically symmetric about the axis.
Pi bond (П): A bond formed between overlapping p orbitals.
Procedure:
Students will make models of the various organic compounds. Each group will collect 5 carbons, 12 hydrogens, 1oxygen, 3 halogens and 1nitrogen. For all of the compounds listed, use the math concept to determine the number of bonds required. Draw out these structures.
1. Compound # 1: CH4
· Replace one of the H with a halogen. What is the formula of this new compound? Are the compounds the same?
· Replace another H with a halogen. What is the new formula? Describe how this compound is similar and different from the other compounds.
· Replace another hydrogen with a halogen. What is the formula for the compound? Define the polarity of the above three compounds.
2. Compound #2: C2H6
· Rotate the C-C bonds 60º (6x).
· Replace one of the H with a halogen. What is the formula with the halogen added to the structure?
· Replace another H on the same C with another halogen. What is the formula?
· Replace an H on both carbons with a halogen? What is the formula?
· Rotate this model C-C bond by 60º (6x)
· Compare this model to the previous model where both halogens were bonded to the same carbon. How do these two di-halogen molecules compare and differ?
3. Compound # 3: C3H6O
· Bring these atoms together according to their bonding capabilities. How many compounds can be formed from these atoms? Discuss their similarities (besides formula) and differences
4. Compound #4: C4H10
· Connect the atoms in the molecule. Rotate the C2-C3 bonds 60º (6x).
· Discuss the impact on the rotation for this molecule. Are there any rotations which you feel are favored and disfavored by the molecule?
5. Compound #5: C4H8
· Connect the atoms in this molecule.
· How many different compounds can come from this formula? Describe the similarities and differences between these compounds.
6. Compound #6: C4H6
· Connect the atoms in this molecule.
· How many different compounds can come from this formula? Describe the similarities and differences between these compounds.
Applied Sciences
Architecture and Design
Biology
Business & Finance
Chemistry
Computer Science
Geography
Geology
Education
Engineering
English
Environmental science
Spanish
Government
History
Human Resource Management
Information Systems
Law
Literature
Mathematics
Nursing
Physics
Political Science
Psychology
Reading
Science
Social Science
Home
Blog
Archive
Contact
google+twitterfacebook
Copyright © 2019 HomeworkMarket.com