Planning implementing and evaluating health promotion programs

MY OWN PROGRESSES on the FINAL PROJECT:

MODULE2 in the CLASS requested to Post an update on the progress you are making on your Health Promotion Program Proposal. Topics for discussion include the community you have identified, the program planning model you have selected, and the rationale for the selection.

Module 2 READINGS: McKenzie, J. F., Neiger, B. L., & Thackeray, R. (2017). Planning, implementing, and evaluating health promotion programs: A primer (7th ed.). San Francisco, CA: Pearson.

· Chapter 2, “Starting the Planning Process” (pp. 17-37)

· Chapter 3, “Program Planning Models in Health Promotion” (pp. 41-63)

MY TOPIC is:

High blood pressure (hypertension) is a common and dangerous condition. Hypertension means that the pressure of one’s blood in the blood vessels is higher than it should be. According to (CDC, 2017) about 1 of 3 adults which is equivalent to 75 million people in the United States have high blood pressure. This common condition increases the risk for heart disease, stroke, and death. My health promotion program proposal will focus on optimization of hypertension management in rural communities. This is because rural populations across United States have an increased likelihood of developing hypertension, therefore, have higher risks associated with hypertension (Bale, 2010).

The program planning model I have selected for my proposal is the Intervention Mapping Model. According to (McKenzie, Neiger, & Thackeray, 2017) Intervention mapping model is designed to fill a gap in health promotion practice by translating theoretical social, epidemiological, educational, ecological administrative, organizational or policy data into appropriate interventions. This model comprises of six basic stages that evaluate theory and then used to plan, design, and implement an intervention model.

The health promotion program proposal will focus on optimization of delivery of rural health care through development of an intervention program that increase hypertension awareness and self-management by using community volunteers as health coaches. I believe this model is a perfect fit for the proposal because it is also the same model that was employed by program planners in a study that focused on the development of a peer support intervention in rural Alabama (Cherrington, et al., 2012).

References:

Bale, B. (2010). Optimizing hypertension management in underserved rural populations. Journal of the National Medical Association, 102(1), 10-17.

CDC. (2017, November 13). High Blood Pressure . Retrieved from Centers for Disease Control and Prevention :https://www.cdc.gov/bloodpressure/index.htm

Cherrington, A., Martin, M. Y., Hayes, M., Halanych, J. H., Wright, M. A., Appel, S. J., . . . Safford, M. (2012). Intervention Mapping as a Guide for the Development of a Diabetes Peer Support Intervention in Rural Alabama. Preventing Chronic Disease, 9(110053). Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2012/11_0053.htm

McKenzie, J. F., Neiger, B. L., & Thackeray, R. (2017). Planning, implementing, and evaluating health promotion programs : a primer(7th ed.). USA: Pearson.

PROF.suggestions to my 1st part:

I suggest focusing on a particular state. Maybe a state that is primarily rural or a state with health disparities in hypertension rates between rural and urban areas.

MY RESPONSE to PROF after considering the feedback:

Hello Dr. Litton,

Thanks for your insight.

According to (Bale, 2010) West Virginia has the highest rate of hypertension at 43 percent. It is also the second largest rural state in the United States. With such distinguishing characteristics, my health promotion program proposal will aim atoptimizing hypertension management in rural communities of West Virginia. THIS IS MY COMMUNITY, has alreday been decided and Approved by Prof!

Reference:

Bale, B. (2010). Optimizing hypertension management in underserved rural populations. Journal of the National Medical Association, 102(1), 10-17.

A Collegues asked me:

You chose a great topic for your health promotion program. High blood pressure is actually one of the negative health conditions associated with my topic of obesity. Do you think you'll address the issue of obesity as a factor in developing high blood pressure in your health promotion planning?

MY RESPONSE to collegue:

Thanks for your question Walker,

According to (Landsberg, et al., 2012) there is a frequent concurrence of obesity and hypertension and as the rate of obesity rises, so does the rate of hypertension. This is concurrent with other major studies and as you mentioned, it will be imperative to address the topic of obesity. In relation to that, I will have to develop strategies for the management of obesity in order to reduce the development of obesity-related hypertension and to effectively manage hypertension in obese. MAKE SURE YOU CONSIDER OBESITY

Reference:

Landsberg, L., Aronne, L. J., Beilin, L. J., Burke, V., Igel, L. I., Lloyd-Jones, D., & Sowers, J. (2012). Obesity-Related Hypertension: Pathogenesis, Cardiovascular Risk, and Treatment. The Journal of Clinical Hypertension, 15(1), 14-33

MODULE 3 NEXT UPDATE OF FINAL PROJECT in

MD 3 required this: Post an update on the progress you are making on your Health Promotion Program Proposal. Topics for discussion include methods used to assess the health needs of your chosen community, how program stakeholders were identified, collaboration strategies you propose, and program goals and objectives

READING for MD3:

McKenzie, J. F., Neiger, B. L., & Thackeray, R. (2017). Planning, implementing, and evaluating health promotion programs: A primer (7th ed.). San Francisco, CA: Pearson.

· Chapter 4, “Assessing Needs” (pp. 67-102)

· Chapter 6, “Mission Statement, Goals, and Objectives” (pp. 133-142)

· Chapter 9, “Community Organizing and Community Building” (pp. 237-255)

MY UPDATE in MD3

Health Promotion Program Proposals

Assessment methods depict ways that apply in optimizing hypertension management in rural societies. They are essential to reduce expenses, improve outcomes and enhance care among patients. The methods used to assess health needs of my chosen community include:

Sharing the best practices with the staff; it helps the organization to identify the vital developments that apply in controlling the disease and ways to achieve them. It also incorporates ways that the staff can embrace to determine rates of the disease prevalence among the victims in the community. It entails implementation of standardized approaches and procedures that physicians use to update important details of their patients (Brent, 2013). For instance, this involve cheaper medications and allowing free blood pressure reading in communities.

Disseminating monthly physician report: it is a vital method to assess health needs which enhances a transparent and a timely feedback. It increases the engagement of physicians hence facilitate their performance improvement. It also incorporates use of electric health record data that gives a report concerning their blood pressure and ways to improve their health.

Utilization of patient engagement tools: this is another approach that is used to assess how patients respond to medication in the community. These tools determine whether they maintain a healthy diet, exercise on a regular basis or keep medical appointments. They are key elements in assessing and managing hypertension among patients. Through this procedure, the sick individuals are encouraged to be active participants to cater for their own health. The assessment enables them to indulge in activities that allows them to manage their blood pressure effectively. They incorporate monitoring blood pressure from home. It enables patients to learn on tips to measure, record and provide accurate readings to their physicians. This enables them to determine whether they should change medication and the lifestyle of patients. To assess health needs of the community, it is also significant to involve educational materials.

Additionally, the participating groups require to offer the sick with free reading materials. This will help patients to understand the vital aspects of the hypertension disease and make the necessary adjustments (Brent, 2013).

The program stakeholders were identified based on their interest on knowledge pertaining hypertension disease. This strategy engages stakeholders by identifying experts to aid in expanding the sustainability of the program. These stakeholders are program champions who are influential in their groups and are active in the care management program. They are also recognized in relation to how they can offer feedback about hypertension by suggesting the new initiatives to apply in this health program. The ability to communicate effectively was another strategy that assisted to identify stakeholders. This was determined in the manner in which they planned and designed different stages of the program.

The collaboration strategies that I propose include team based care to improve blood pressure among patients. It is helpful because it involves individuals who communicate with patients to determine their progress. This implies that they reschedule and make follow up appointments especially to patients who fail to see physicians on time (Klag, 2014).

The Program goals is to ensure that free care is granted to patients who are suffering from hypertension in rural regions. It also intends to provide tools to aid for screening to improve the conditions of people with high blood pressure in the community. The objective of this program is to reduce the number of hypertension cases in the society. (PLEASE CHECK the FEEDBACK below) This is by ensuring that physicians access and offer care to the rural population.

References:

Brent, H. (2013). Hypertension and Collaboration Strategies. Journal of Health Programs Issue 85(6), 16-28.

Klag, M. (2014). Hypertension. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions.

PROF.feedback to me in MD3:

I suggest making the program objective more specific and measurable such as "reduce hypertension in this community by 50% within 1 year of program initiation." IS BEEN ALREADY DECIDED THIS is FINAL OJECTIVE!

MODULE 4 REQUIRED an UPDATE

Post a final update on your Health Promotion Program Proposal. Topics for discussion include an explanation of the analysis conducted in order to select your chosen behavioral theory, intervention strategy, and program activity.

RESOURCE:

McKenzie, J. F., Neiger, B. L., & Thackeray, R. (2017). Planning, implementing, and evaluating health promotion programs: A primer (7th ed.). San Francisco, CA: Pearson.

· Chapter 7, “Theories and Models Commonly Used for Health Promotion Interventions” (pp. 151-188)

· Chapter 8, “Interventions” (pp. 191-234)

·

PLEASE READ ch 7+ch8, they are CRITICAL to understand what to apply for my TOPIC in FINAL PROJECT! LOOK at each theory, read APPLICATIONS (see if applied to HTN).

Professor comments : for the purposes of this assignment, please only select 1 theory that fits the best and you can definitely use more than one intervention strategy.

. The intervention strategy must be specific. Students, If your intervention is aimed at the individual level, then you should select an intervention strategy for individuals. Please review Table 8.5 on page 231 in the McKenzie text that depicts the type of objective, outcome, theory, intervention strategy and possible activities

THIS IS an exachnge btw PROF and a COLLEGUE:

Colleague:When I discuss stage theory, my discussion is more focus on TTM. So my theory based on TTM.For the intervention part, I have checked our textbook and chose the intervention strategy that goes with TTM theory construct.My proposed intervention strategy is providing health communication and health education through class seminars and workshop. However not limited to seminars and workshop but create awareness through a mini-organization that invites the priority population to participate in the radical change. For instance, healthy lifestyle matters, stand for the right diet!

PROF said: Thank you for the clarification. These sound good. Just be sure to use the exact wording of the public health terms used in the textbook!!!!

HERE IS FINAL PROJECT MY UPDATE for MODULE 4 (MD4)

MY UPDATE for MD4 FINAL PROJECT UPDATE:

The theory I chose is the SCT Expectation and Behavioral capability.

According to McKenzie, reinforcement is very important in the process of learning, although the reinforcement combined with the expectations developed by the individual from the consequences of a behavior is what determines the final behavior (McKenzie, 2017). ).

Expectations refers to the ability of an individual to think and to foresee a certain outcome to take place in certain situations. If a person is to perform a certain behavior, this person must be informed first what the behavior is and then how to correctly perform the behavior. This is referred to as behavioral capability, according to (Mckenzie,2017)

This theory fits my hypertension topic of my final project proposal.

The intervention strategy is at the interpersonal level. Possible program activities I consider are Classes, Seminars and Workshops to educate my community about the disease.

EMAIL TO BE SENT:

hey,

so let's have the FINAL WORD!

1) Were you able to access the book? PLEASE be HONEST. I do not need another lier on my money!

2) Can you start working on IT NOW? And by the tiem I wake up you will have a skeleton on what it will look like/ CREATE a skeleton based in FINAL PROJECT INSTRUCTIONS and start filling IN, considering my MD2,3,4 UPDATES, Prof. feedback on Objectives, that REVEW TABLE which is the OST ESSENTIAL ONE:

"""The intervention strategy must be specific. Students, If your intervention is aimed at the individual level, then you should select an intervention strategy for individuals. Please review Table 8.5 on page 231 in the McKenzie text that depicts the type of objective, outcome, theory, intervention strategy and possible activities"""

3) Do you feel confident 100% you can fill in? This is NOT just medcail sentences thrown out there for the sake of filling in the pages: You need to conduct google Research on StakeHOLDERS for filling in STAKEholders paragraph (INSPIRE FROM EXAMPLE I uploaded, but do your own REAL search w REFERENCES provided). KEEP INSPIRING from EXAMPLE PROJECT I uploaded for you, but do stay on HTN topic on my community chosen.

Is everthng CLEAR? Are you confident you can create a skeleton by the tiem I wake up?

MODULE4 FINAL PROJECT INSTRUCTIONS:

Obtaining the funding and/or approval to develop a program is often dependent upon one’s ability to clearly articulate each element of the proposed program. Proposing a health promotion program requires a well-thought-out plan that clearly identifies the health condition, target population, and anticipated activities.

Modules 2, 3, and 4 have covered the steps for planning and designing a health promotion program. For this Assignment,you will submit a proposal for the health promotion program you have been developing that meets a health need for a specific community.

12- to 15-page proposal (double- spaced, Times New Roman font):

Cover page should include:

· Project title

· Primary contact person, title

Sections of your proposal:

1. Introduction

a. Briefly describe the project relevance and need

b. Describe how your project complements or adds to other similar initiatives.

2. Community Description

a. Describe the target audience(s) for the project (e.g. health practitioners, policy-makers, underserved population).

b. Provide list the geographic location(s) and sites/settings (e.g. hospital, community-based center, school, work setting) where the project activities will take place.

3. Needs Assessment

a. Provide a summary of the mini-needs assessment conducted to determine a priority health issue for this community. The mini-needs assessment should be based on available statistics.

4. Socio-ecological factors

a. Provide a description of the primary socio-ecological factors related to the health issue.

5. Stakeholders

a. Identify and describe types of resources and community stakeholders. Indicate the name of the partners you will work with during the project. Describe the role and contribution of each partner.

b. Provide a description of the stakeholder collaboration strategy that would be used and explain why it is most appropriate.

6. Mission, goals and objectives

a. Identify

· the mission,

· at least one program goal and

· at least two objectives

7. Theoretical framework

a. Identify the theory or model used to guide development of the interventions and provide a rationale for your selection.

8. Intervention strategy

a. Select an appropriate intervention strategy based on your theoretical framework that targets one of the socio-ecological factors associated with this health condition and target population.

9. Activities

a. Identify at least two specific program activities and explain how it would be used in the program.

b. Explain how each activity is related to your theoretical framework.

10. Logic Model

a. Develop a Logic Model for the program.

Support your work with specific citations from this module’s Learning Resources and additional scholarly sources as appropriate. Refer to the Essential Guide to APA Style

MY UPDATE for MD4 FINAL UPDATE

The theory I chose is the SCT Expectation and Behavioral capability.

According to McKenzie, reinforcement is very important in the process of learning, although the reinforcement combined with the expectations developed by the individual from the consequences of a behavior is what determines the final behavior (McKenzie, 2017). ).

Expectations refers to the ability of an individual to think and to foresee a certain outcome to take place in certain situations. If a person is to perform a certain behavior, this person must be informed first what the behavior is and then how to correctly perform the behavior. This is referred to as behavioral capability, according to (Mckenzie,2017)

This theory fits my hypertension topic of my final project proposal.

The intervention strategy is at the interpersonal level. Possible program activities I consider are Classes, Seminars and Workshops to educate my community about the disease.

BRIAN HIV TOPIC:

With HIV/AIDS, communication is the key preventive measure, which is very important in influencing behaviors of an individual and the society. Since many varying contexts determine behaviors, it is important therefore to reevaluate the communication approaches used in the prevention of HIV/AIDS. The above should be applied to areas in the world that the spread of HIV/AIDS infection is very high.

In this case, therefore, many of the theoretical frameworks in the prevention of HIV/AIDS was adopted from the sociological and communication theories, and some of them have been borrowed from activities such as family planning which has successfully used Information, Education, and Communication in fulfilling their strategies. Owing to the case above, this proposal will use the same approach as a method of trying to understand the community and at the same time get into the core of the affected community in the quest of reducing the HIV/AIDS pandemic. In this regard, therefore, this proposal will place its emphasis on the AIDS Reduction Model and the Health Belief Theory.

The Health Belief Model was a health communication theory adopted in the 1950s. Its main aim it predicts a person's response to, use of, screening and other preventive measures in health services. The theory will be helpful to a wide range of behavior and the community at large due to its vast knowledge in sexual education. The above is due to the emphasis that the theory puts on individuals when it comes to sexuality such as using protection when doing sex. In this manner, the theory focuses on primary prevention strategies such as those which help in reducing the spread of the virus. The theory also focuses on secondary prevention by having programs that increase early detection of the HIV/AIDS virus among individuals. This theory was successfully applied in to determine the use of condoms in female students in Cameroon, and therefore it is one of the best frameworks to use when addressing the issue of HIV/AIDS in Dallas (Zotor and Tarkang, 2015).

Zotor B., F. and Tarkang E., E. (2015). Application of the Health Belief Model (HBM) in HIV Prevention: A Literature Review. Online < http://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/html/10.11648.j.cajph.20150101.11.html> Retrieved 11/1/2018

PROF. RESPONSE to BRAINBrian,

I think the Health Belief Model is a good choice for your topic and target population. Are you thinking of using health communication and health education intervention strategies?

Do remember to be very careful about using the specific public health terms used in the textbook. Health Belief Theory is not the name of the theory, it has to be Health Belief Model. I realize this is confusing since sometimes we use the term "model" and other times "theory."

CHUKUMA HEALH PROGRAM PRPOSAL:

Discussion: Project Support Area (Health Promotion Program Proposal)

Hello Class,

For this week's discussion update on my Health Promotion Program Proposal-The Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease in my community of Saint Joseph County, Indiana State.

I chose to focus on the Intrapersonal level of intervention for my target population. This choice is based on the fact that the decision of the individual to make healthy lifestyle changes that would positively impact his/her health and prevent cardiovascular disease is personal. The Intrapersonal or Individual level of intervention focuses primarily on the individual's health behavior (McKenzie, Nieger, & Thackeray, 2017).

The Intrapersonal level of intervention focuses on the individual's knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, self-concept feelings, motivation, skills, and behavior (McKenzie, et al., 2017).

The objective of the Health Promotion Program Proposal is to get individuals to change behaviors that predispose to Heart Disease and embrace those behaviors that prevent heart disease, such as physical activities/exercises to reduce weight and regular blood pressure checks to avoid high blood pressure which are risk factors for heart disease (American Heart Association, 2017).

THE HEALTH BEHAVIOR THEORY:

The Health Behavior Theory I have chosen to address heart disease prevention in my community is Health Believe Model (HBM) which is based on the simultaneous occurrence of three classes of factors, 1) The existence of enough health concerns to make heart disease relevant. 2) The belief that many people in the community are vulnerable to the development of CVD because of physical inactivity, overweight/obesity, and high blood pressure (Passives Threat). 3) The belief that following the recommended health promotion program proposal would reduce the prevalence and high mortality rate of heart disease-related deaths in the community, which is the highest in the State of Indiana at a reduced cost-financial and lack of self-efficacy (Perceived Barriers) (McKenzie, et al., 2017).

These perceived barriers must be overcome by the individuals before they can follow the health promotion recommendation. Self-efficacy is very crucial to the success of the health promotion program proposal for the prevention of CVD. It is essential for the target population that needs a lifestyle behavior change over a long-term should develop self-efficacy (McKenzie, et al., 2017).

For the priority population to embrace behavioral change, they must feel threatened and susceptible by their present behavioral pattern of physical inactivity that has resulted in overweight/obesity and high blood pressure (Passive Susceptibility), which if not addressed by the health promotion program proposal would lead to CVD (American Heart Association, 2017).

The target population must also believe that the behavior change to embark on physical activity/exercises will result in a valued outcome (reduction in the risk and prevalence of heart disease and the resultant mortality) (McKenzie, et al., 2017) Also, the knowledge of the target population that CVD results in death or morbidity (Perceived Seriousness/Severity) or having seen friends and family members who died from CVD would make the individuals think seriously about embracing the health promotion program proposal (McKenzie, 2017).

Physical inactivity, overweight/obesity, and high blood pressure are risk factors that would make individuals become concerned about heart disease (Perceived Threats).

The health promotion program proposal would empower the people to know that physical activities/exercises would postpone the onset of heart disease and would increase the possibility of survival if a heart attack occurs (Perceived Benefits) (McKenzie, et al., 2017).

The confidence of the person to overcome the perceived barriers (weather, lack of self-efficacy, finance) and exercise regularly would determine the success of the health promotion program proposal among the population (McKenzie, et al., 2017).

The target population would examine the threats of CVD against the difference between benefits and barriers. The persons would now decide to embark on the exercise because of the perceived benefits or not (likelihood of taking recommended preventive health action (McKenzie, et al., 2017).

INTERVENTION STRATEGIES:

The Intervention Strategies I would like to employ for the health promotion program proposal for the prevention of heart disease include, 1) Health communication strategies to inform, increase awareness, and impact both individual and community decisions that affect their health (McKenzie, et al., 2017).

The form of the health communication strategies would include the mass media advocacy, risk communication, public relations, print materials, television, radio, electronic communication, billboards, and social media to disseminate the information about the health promotion program proposal for CVD to reach as many members of the community as possible (McKenzie, et al., 2017). Health communication strategies are also crucial in reaching many of the goals and objectives of the Health Promotion Program Proposal. Health Communication Strategies have the highest penetration rate to reach many members of the target population (McKenzie, et al., 2017).

Health communication strategies alone are often insufficient to change the behavior of the individuals and reduce the risk of CVD (McKenzie, et al., 2017).

2) Health Education Strategies would be used in combination with Health Communication Strategies to enable and reinforce voluntary behavior decisions conducive to the health of individuals, groups, or community. The Health Education Strategy would include such settings as classes, seminars, workshops, and courses, both face to face and online, to educate the population about the risk factors of heart disease (McKenzie, et al., 2017).

Though health communication strategies are often used for health promotion program proposal intervention strategies, health education strategies provide the opportunity for the target population to gain in-depth knowledge about the risk factors, prevalence, morbidity, and mortality attributed to CVD (McKenzie, et al., 2017).

HEALTH PROMOTION PROGRAM ACTIVITY:

The health promotion program activity which I would embark on includes, meetings with all stakeholders to increase awareness among the stakeholders about the urgent need of intervention to adequately address this preventable, devastating disease on the public health of the community. I would also organize town hall meetings with members of the community and their leaders to inform, increase awareness of the severity of the heart disease on the community population. I would organize seminars, workshops, and courses to increase the awareness of this preventable silent killer disease in the community. I will organize regular blood pressure checks for the community members through the local or community health centers. I will embark on an aggressive health promotion campaign through advertisements in the print, electronic, social media, brochures, flyers, posters, bill-boards about the severity of the CVD on the public health of the community. I will let the target population understand that CVD is preventable despite its devastating effect on the community, I will encourage the community members to engage in physical activities/exercises on a regular basis in the gyms, at home and also encourage people to join the Zumba dance groups as a form of physical exercise. Thanks.

Chukuma.

References:

McKenzie, J. F., Neiger, B. L., & Thackeray, R. (2017). Planning,

implementing, and evaluating health promotion

programs: A primer (7th ed.). San Francisco,

CA: Pearson. American Heart Association, (2017), What Is Heart Disease.

Retrieved from https://www.heart.org .

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