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i INTRODUCTION TO ii 2 Criminal Justice iii INTRODUCTION TO Criminal Justice Ninth Edition Robert M. Bohm University of Central Florida Keith N. Haley Tiffin University 3 iv INTRODUCTION TO CRIMINAL JUSTICE, NINTH EDITION Published by McGraw-Hill Education, 2 Penn Plaza, New York, NY 10121. Copyright © 2018 by McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. Previous editions © 2014, 2012, and 2010. No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education, including, but not limited to, in any network or other electronic storage or transmission, or broadcast for distance learning. Some ancillaries, including electronic and print components, may not be available to customers outside the United States. This book is printed on acid-free paper. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 LWI 21 20 19 18 17 ISBN 978-0-07-786050-9 MHID 0-07-786050-0 Brand Manager: Jamie Laferrera Product Developer: Francesca King Marketing Manager: Nancy Baudean Lead Core Content Project Manager: Susan Trentacosti Lead Assessment Content Project Manager: Katie Klochan Senior Buyer: Sandy Ludovissy Lead Designer: David Hash Senior Content Licensing Specialists: DeAnna Dausener, Lori Hancock Cover Image: © Kali9/Getty Images; © Moodboard/Getty Images; © Halfdark/Getty Images Compositor: MPS Limited Printer: LSC Communications All credits appearing on page or at the end of the book are considered to be an extension of the copyright page. Design elements: Supreme Court Building: © Pixtal/AGE Fotostock RF; Open door: © jaddingt/Shutterstock.com Frontmatter author photos: © Robert M.Bohm; © Keith N. Haley Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Bohm, Robert M., author. | Haley, Keith N., author. Introduction to criminal justice / Robert M. Bohm, University of Central Florida, Keith N. Haley, Tiffin University. Ninth Edition. | Dubuque : McGraw-Hill Education, 2017. | Revised edition of the authors' Introduction to criminal justice, [2014]| Includes bibliographical references and index. 4 LCCN 2017020703 | ISBN 9780077860509 (hardback) LCSH: Criminal justice, Administration of—United States. | Crime—United States. | Criminal law—United States. | BISAC: LAW / Criminal Law / General. LCC HV9950 .B63 2017 | DDC 364.973—dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2017020703 The Internet addresses listed in the text were accurate at the time of publication. The inclusion of a website does not indicate an endorsement by the authors or McGraw-Hill Education, and McGrawHill Education does not guarantee the accuracy of the information presented at these sites. mheducation.com/highered 5 v D E D I C AT I O N To my wife, Linda Taconis, with love.