Preschool children _____ self esteem and _____ self concept

(2 points) Synaptic pruning is the process by which neurons seldom stimulated lose their connective fibers the two brain hemispheres lateralize during early childhood neural fibers become myelinated as a result of stimulation of the brain new synaptic connections are formed by environmental stimulation 2 (2 points) Donnie and Vinny are playing with similar objects in the same room, without looking at one another at all. They are engaging in _____ play. nonsocial parallel cooperative associative 3 (2 points) Robert was upset when his family car hit a dog. Although the dog was OK and ran away, Robert insisted that his father go back and "Run over the dog backwards, so he'll be okay." Although incorrect in this assumption, Robert is displaying egocentric thought idiosyncratic reasoning hierarchical classification reversibility of thought 4 (2 points) Understanding that certain physical characteristics of objects remain the same even though their outward appearance has changed is egocentrism object permanence animism conservation 5 (2 points) Which of the developmental trends matches most closely with the maturation rates of the two hemispheres of the brain? spatial skills develop very rapidly in early childhood control over the arms develops before control over the feet children show a strong hand preference from birth language skills develop very rapidly in early childhood 6 (2 points) A major factor that determines what foods children will prefer is their genetic preference for very salty foods repeated exposure to a food direct pressure to eat a particular type of food their genetic preference for very sweet foods 7 (2 points) When parents have difficulty controlling their own anger adn hostility, their children tend to be more empathic be fearful and shy have problems regulating emotion have higher IQs 8 (2 points) A set of attitudes, abilities, and values that define an individual are known as identification the self-concept self-knowledge individuation 9 (2 points) While Jesse plays, his mother comments and encourages him without giving direct instructions. This form of supportive communication is known as bootstrapping discovery learning guided participation scaffolding 10 (2 points) Which of the following statements about sex differences in aggression is true? As soon as children become aware of gender stereotypes, overt aggression drops off for boys Preschool and school-age girls are just as aggressive than boys Girls are more likely to engage in overt aggression Boys are more likely to engage in relational aggression 11 (2 points) ____ hormone and ____ hormone are pituitary hormones that affect children's growth luteinizing; thyroid-stimulating growth; melanocyte-stimulating growth; thyroid-stimulating luteinizing; melanocyte-stimulating 12 (2 points) Researchers at a child-care center observed children who had been physically abused. Compared to their nonabused peers, abused children were more likely to ____ when another child was in distress be more empathic seek the help of an adult cry respond with anger 13 (2 points) Christine frequently plays alone with puzzles, crayons, and construction materials. It is likely that Christine is cognitively but not socially delayed bright and socially competent cognitively and socially delayed socially delayed but bright 14 (2 points) Natascha wants to design a play environment that will enhance the make-believe play of her preschoolers. WHich of the following things should she do? Offer a wide variety of realistic materials as well as materials without a clear function Limit the amount of space and play materials so that the children will not be distracted from themake-believe task Allow the children to resolve their own disagreements without adult interference Select the topic for play and then direct the children's activities 15 (2 points) Children who spend more time in sociodramatic play are at risk for social rejection less socially competent advanced in cognitive development more physically skilled than their agemates 16 (2 points) Young Fletcher notices a four-legged creature and calls it a 'dog', ignoring the telltale facial features and stripes that indicate the creature is a tiger. Fletcher is demonstrating irreversibility centration conservation perception bound thought 17 (2 points) The best way of estimating a child's physical maturity is to use skeletal age weight height head circumference 18 (2 points) According to Piaget, which of the following would have the greatest impact on mental representation for a child in the preoperational stage? playing with a ball asking a parent to get a ball dreaming about a ball looking at a ball 19 (2 points) On the average, 2- and 3- year-olds need ____ hours of sleep and 4- to 6- year-olds need _____ hours 10 to 11; 8 to 9 14 to 15; 10 to 11 14 to 15; 8 to 9 12 to 13; 10 to 11 20 (2 points) Piaget used the term _______ to describe mental representations of actions that obey logical rules organization operations function programs 21 (2 points) During early childhood, on the average, children grow about _____ inches and gain about ______ pounds each year. 3 to 4; 10 1 to 2; 10 4 to 5 5 2 to 3; 5 22 (2 points) According to Vygotsky, children speak to themselves because they are lonely for the pleasure of hearing their own voice because they are egocentric for self-guidance 23 (2 points) Myelination of the ____ throughout early childhood and into adolescence contributes to improvements in sustained, controlled attention cerebellum reticular formation frontal lobe parietal lobe 24 (2 points) A decline in appetite during the preschool years suggests a pituitary hormone disorder occurs because growth has slowed is an early sign of deprivation dwarfism indicates a deficiency of thyroxine 25 (2 points) Right-handed children are more likely than left-handed children to be weakly lateralized develop outstanding verbal and mathematical skills lie turned toward the left during the prenatal period be ambidextrous 26 (2 points) _______ refers to the judgements we make bout our own worth and the feelings associated with those judgements emotional self-regulation Self-concept self-esteem self-consciousness 27 (2 points) In comparing Piaget's and vygotsky's theories, Piaget's theory paid more attention to the development of basic cognitive processes Vygotsky, but not Piaget, attempted to understand the significance of children's private speech Vygotsky placed more emphasis on skills such as