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CHAPTER 4
Completing the Accounting Cycle
ASSIGNMENT CLASSIFICATION TABLE
Learning Objectives
Questions
Brief
Exercises
Do It!
Exercises
A
Problems
B
Problems
*1. Prepare a worksheet.
1, 2, 3, 4, 5
1, 2, 3
1
1, 2, 3, 5, 6
1A, 2A, 3A,
4A, 5A
1B, 2B, 3B,
4B, 5B
*2. Explain the process of closing the books.
6, 7, 11, 12
4, 5, 6
2
4, 7, 8, 11, 19
1A, 2A, 3A,
4A, 5A
1B, 2B, 3B,
4B, 5B
*3. Describe the content and purpose of a post-closing trial balance.
8, 9
7
4, 7, 8
1A, 2A, 3A,
4A, 5A
1B, 2B, 3B,
4B, 5B
*4. State the required steps in the accounting cycle.
10, 11, 12
8
10, 19
5A
5B
*5. Explain the approaches to preparing correcting entries.
13
9
12, 13
6A
*6. Identify the sections of a classified balance sheet.
14, 15, 16,
17, 18, 19
10, 11
3, 4
3, 9, 14, 15, 16, 17
1A, 2A, 3A,
4A, 5A
1B, 2B, 3B,
4B, 5B
*7. Prepare reversing entries.
10, 20, 21
12
18, 19
*Note: All asterisked Questions, Exercises, and Problems relate to material contained in the appendix *to the chapter.
ASSIGNMENT CHARACTERISTICS TABLE
Problem
Number
Description
Difficulty
Level
Time Allotted (min.)
1A
Prepare worksheet, financial statements, and adjusting and closing entries.
Simple
40–50
2A
Complete worksheet; prepare financial statements, closing entries, and post-closing trial balance.
Moderate
50–60
3A
Prepare financial statements, closing entries, and post-closing trial balance.
Moderate
40–50
4A
Complete worksheet; prepare classified balance sheet, entries, and post-closing trial balance.
Moderate
50–60
5A
Complete all steps in accounting cycle.
Complex
70–90
6A
Analyze errors and prepare correcting entries and trial balance.
Moderate
40–50
1B
Prepare worksheet, financial statements, and adjusting and closing entries.
Simple
40–50
2B
Complete worksheet; prepare financial statements, closing entries, and post-closing trial balance.
Moderate
50–60
3B
Prepare financial statements, closing entries, and post-closing trial balance.
Moderate
40–50
4B
Complete worksheet; prepare classified balance sheet, entries, and post-closing trial balance.
Moderate
50–60
5B
Complete all steps in accounting cycle.
Complex
70–90
Comprehensive Problem: Chapters 2 to 4
WEYGANDT ACCOUNTING PRINCIPLES 11E
CHAPTER 4
COMPLETING THE ACCOUNTING CYCLE
Number
LO
BT
Difficulty
Time (min.)
BE1
1
K
Simple
2–4
BE2
1
AN
Moderate
6–8
BE3
1
C
Simple
3–5
BE4
2
AP
Simple
3–5
BE5
2
AP
Simple
4–6
BE6
2
AP
Simple
6–8
BE7
3
C
Simple
2–4
BE8
4
K
Simple
3–5
BE9
5
AN
Moderate
4–6
BE10
6
AP
Simple
4–6
BE11
6
C
Simple
3–5
BE12
7
AN
Moderate
4–6
DI1
1
C
Simple
4–6
DI2
2
AP
Simple
2–4
DI3
6
AP
Simple
6–8
DI4
6
C
Simple
4–6
EX1
1
AP
Simple
12–15
EX2
1
AP
Simple
10–12
EX3
1, 6
AP
Simple
12–15
EX4
2, 3
AP
Simple
12–15
EX5
1
AN
Simple
10–12
EX6
1
AN
Moderate
12–15
EX7
2, 3
AP
Simple
8–10
EX8
2, 3
AP
Simple
10–12
EX9
6
AP
Simple
12–15
EX10
4
C
Simple
3–5
EX11
2
AP
Simple
6–8
EX12
5
AN
Moderate
8–10
EX13
5
AN
Moderate
4–6
EX14
6
AP
Moderate
10–12
EX15
6
C
Simple
5–8
EX16
6
AP
Simple
8–10
COMPLETING THE ACCOUNTING CYCLE (Continued)
Number
LO
BT
Difficulty
Time (min.)
EX17
6
AP
Simple
12–15
EX18
7
AN
Moderate
5–7
EX19
2, 4, 7
AN
Moderate
10–12
P1A
1-3, 6
AN
Simple
40–50
P2A
1-3, 6
AP
Moderate
50–60
P3A
1-3, 6
AP
Moderate
40–50
P4A
1-3, 6
AN
Moderate
50–60
P5A
1-4, 6
AN
Complex
70–90
P6A
5
AN
Moderate
40–50
P1B
1-3, 6
AN
Simple
40–50
P2B
1-3, 6
AP
Moderate
50–60
P3B
1-3, 6
AP
Moderate
40–50
P4B
1-3, 6
AN
Moderate
50–60
P5B
1-4, 6
AN
Complex
70–90
BYP1
6
AN
Simple
10–12
BYP2
6
AN
Simple
8–10
BYP3
6
AN
Simple
8–10
BYP4
—
E
Simple
10–12
BYP5
6
AN
Moderate
15–20
BYP6
4
C
Simple
15–20
BYP7
—
E
Moderate
10–15
BYP8
6
AP
Moderate
12–16
BYP9
—
AP
Moderate
10–15
ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS
1. No. A worksheet is not a permanent accounting record. The use of a worksheet is an optional step in the accounting cycle.
2. The worksheet is merely a device used to make it easier to prepare adjusting entries and the financial statements.
3. The amount shown in the adjusted trial balance column for an account equals the account balance in the ledger after adjusting entries have been journalized and posted.
4. The net income of $12,000 will appear in the income statement debit column and the balance sheet credit column. A net loss will appear in the income statement credit column and the balance sheet debit column.
5. Formal financial statements are needed because the columnar data are not properly arranged and classified for statement purposes. For example, a drawing account is listed with assets.
6. (1) (Dr) Individual revenue accounts and (Cr) Income Summary.
(2) (Dr) Income Summary and (Cr) Individual expense accounts.
(3) (Dr) Income Summary and (Cr) Owner’s Capital (for net income).
(4) (Dr) Owner’s Capital and (Cr) Owner’s Drawings.
7. Income Summary is a temporary account that is used in the closing process. The account is debited for expenses and credited for revenues. The difference, either net income or net loss, is then closed to the owner’s capital account.
8. The post-closing trial balance contains only balance sheet accounts. Its purpose is to prove the equality of the permanent account balances that are carried forward into the next accounting period.
9. The accounts that will not appear in the post-closing trial balance are Depreciation Expense; Owner’s Drawing; and Service Revenue.
10. A reversing entry is the exact opposite, both in amount and in account titles, of an adjusting entry and is made at the beginning of the new accounting period. Reversing entries are an optional step in the accounting cycle.
11. The steps that involve journalizing are: (1) journalize the transactions, (2) journalize the adjusting entries, and (3) journalize the closing entries.
12. The three trial balances are the: (1) trial balance, (2) adjusted trial balance, and (3) post-closing trial balance.
13. Correcting entries differ from adjusting entries because they: (1) are not a required part of the accounting cycle, (2) may be made at any time, and (3) may affect any combination of accounts.
Questions Chapter 4 (Continued)
*14. The standard classifications in a balance sheet are:
Assets
Liabilities and Owner’s Equity
Current Assets
Current Liabilities
Long-term Investments
Long-term Liabilities
Property, Plant, and Equipment
Owner’s Equity
Intangible Assets
*15. The operating cycle of a company is the average time that it takes to purchase inventory, sell it on account, and then collect cash from customers.
*16. Current assets are assets that a company expects to convert to cash or use up in one year. Some companies use a period longer than one year to classify assets and liabilities as current because they have an operating cycle longer than one year. Companies usually list current assets in the order in which they expect to convert them into cash.
*17. Long-term investments are generally investments in stocks and bonds of other companies that are normally held for many years. Property, plant, and equipment are assets with relatively long useful lives that a company is currently using in operating the business.
*18. (a) The owner’s equity section for a corporation is called stockholders’ equity.
(b) The two accounts and the purpose of each are: (1) Common stock is used to record investments of assets in the business by the owners (stockholders). (2) Retained earnings is used to record net income retained in the business.
*19.. Apple’s current liabilities at September 24, 2011 and September 25, 2010 were $27,970 million and $20,722 million respectively. Apple’s current liabilities were significantly lower than its current assets in both years.
*20. After reversing entries have been made, the balances will be Interest Payable, zero balance; Interest Expense, a credit balance.
*21. (a) Jan. 10 Salaries and Wages Expense 8,000
Cash 8,000
Because of the January 1 reversing entry that credited Salaries and Wages Expense for $3,500, Salaries and Wages Expense will have a debit balance of $4,500 which equals the expense for the current period.
(b) Jan. 10 Salaries and Wages Payable 3,500
Salaries and Wages Expense 4,500
Cash 8,000
Note that Salaries and Wages Expense will again have a debit balance of $4,500.
SOLUTIONS TO BRIEF EXERCISES
BRIEF EXERCISE 4-1
The steps in using a worksheet are performed in the following sequence: (1) prepare a trial balance on the worksheet, (2) enter adjustment data, (3) enter adjusted balances, (4) extend adjusted balances to appropriate statement columns and (5) total the statement columns, compute net income (loss), and complete the worksheet. Filling in the blanks, the answers are 1, 3, 4, 5, 2.
The solution to BRIEF EXERCISE 4-2 is on page 4-9.
BRIEF EXERCISE 4-3
Income Statement
Balance Sheet
Account
Dr.
Cr.
Dr.
Cr.
Accumulated Depreciation
X
Depreciation Expense
X
Owner’s Capital
X
Owner’s Drawings
X
Service Revenue
X
Supplies
X
Accounts Payable
X
BRIEF EXERCISE 4-4
Dec. 31 Service Revenue 50,000
Income Summary 50,000
31 Income Summary 34,000
Salaries and Wages Expense 27,000
Supplies Expense 7,000
31 Income Summary 16,000
Owner’s Capital 16,000
31 Owner’s Capital 2,000
Owner’s Drawings 2,000
BRIEF EXERCISE 4-5
Salaries and Wages Expense
Income Summary
Service Revenue
Bal. 27,000
(2) 27,000
(2) 34,000
(1) 50,000
(1) 50,000
Bal. 50,000
(3) 16,000
50,000
50,000
Supplies Expense
Owner’s Capital
Owner’s Drawings
Bal. 7,000
(2) 7,000
(4) 2,000
Bal. 30,000
Bal. 2,000
(4) 2,000
(3) 16,000
Bal. 44,000
BRIEF EXERCISE 4-6
July 31 Service Revenue 16,400
Income Summary 16,400
31 Income Summary 10,700
Salaries and Wages Expense 8,200
Maintenance and Repairs Expense 2,500
Service Revenue
Date
Explanation
Ref.
Debit
Credit
Balance
7/31
Balance
16,400
16,400
7/31
Closing entry
16,400
0
Salaries and Wages Expense
Date
Explanation
Ref.
Debit
Credit
Balance
7/31
Balance
8,200
8,200
7/31
Closing entry
8,200
0
BRIEF EXERCISE 4-6 (Continued)
Maintenance and Repairs Expense
Date
Explanation
Ref.
Debit
Credit
Balance
7/31
Balance
2,500
2,500
7/31
Closing entry
2,500
0
BRIEF EXERCISE 4-7
The accounts that will appear in the post-closing trial balance are:
Accumulated Depreciation
Owner’s Capital
Supplies
Accounts Payable
BRIEF EXERCISE 4-8
The proper sequencing of the required steps in the accounting cycle is as follows:
1. Analyze business transactions.
2. Journalize the transactions.
3. Post to ledger accounts.
4. Prepare a trial balance.
5. Journalize and post adjusting entries.
6. Prepare an adjusted trial balance.
7. Prepare financial statements.
8. Journalize and post closing entries.
9. Prepare a post-closing trial balance.
Filling in the blanks, the answers are 4, 2, 8, 7, 5, 3, 9, 6, 1.
BRIEF EXERCISE 4-9
1. Service Revenue 870
Accounts Receivable 870
2. Accounts Payable ($1,750 – $1,570) 180
Supplies 180
BRIEF EXERCISE 4-10
HAMIDI COMPANY
Partial Balance Sheet
Current assets
Cash $ 4,100
Debt investments 6,700
Accounts receivable 12,500
Supplies 5,200
Prepaid insurance 3,600
Total current assets $32,100
BRIEF EXERCISE 4-11
CL
Accounts payable
CL
Income taxes payable
CA
Accounts receivable
LTI
Debt investments (long-term)
PPE
Accum. depreciation—buildings
PPE
Land
PPE
Buildings
CA
Inventory
CA
Cash
IA
Patents
IA
Copyrights
CA
Supplies
*BRIEF EXERCISE 4-12
Nov. 1 Salaries and Wages Payable 2,100
Salaries and Wages Expense 2,100
The balances after posting the reversing entry are Salaries and Wages Expense (Cr.) $2,100 and Salaries and Wages Payable $0.
SOLUTIONS FOR DO IT! REVIEW EXERCISES
DO IT! 4-1
Income statement debit column—Utilities Expense
Income statement credit column—Service Revenue
Balance sheet debit column—Accounts Receivable
Balance sheet credit column—Notes Payable; Accumulated Depreciation; Owner’s Capital
DO IT! 4-2
Dec. 31 Income Summary 41,000
Owner’s Capital 41,000
Dec. 31 Owner’s Capital 22,000
Owner’s Drawings 22,000
DO IT! 4-3
RYAN COMPANY
Partial Balance Sheet
Current assets
Cash $4,300
Debt investments 1,200
Accounts receivable 4,300
Inventory 2,900
Total current assets $12,700
Long-term investments
Stock investments 6,500
Property, plant and equipment
Equipment 21,700
Less: Accumulated depreciation 5,700 16,000
Total assets $35,200
DO IT! 4-4
NA
Interest revenue
OE
Owner’s capital
CL
Utilities payable
PPE
Accumulated depreciation—equipment
CL
Accounts payable
PPE
Equipment
CA
Supplies
NA
Salaries and wages expense
LTL
Bonds payable
LTI
Debt investments (long-term)
IA
Goodwill
CL
Unearned rent revenue
SOLUTIONS TO EXERCISES
EXERCISE 4-1
NANDURI COMPANY
Worksheet
For the Month Ended June 30, 2014
Account Titles
Trial Balance
Adjustments
Adj. Trial Balance
Income Statement
Balance Sheet
Dr.
Cr.
Dr.
Cr.
Dr.
Cr.
Dr.
Cr.
Dr.
Cr.
Cash
2,320
2,320
2,320
Accounts Receivable
2,440
2,440
2,440
Supplies
1,880
(a) 1,380
500
500
Accounts Payable
1,120
1,120
1,120
Unearned Service Revenue
240
(b) 140
100
100
Owner’s Capital
3,600
3,600
3,600
Service Revenue
2,400
(b) 140
2,540
2,540
Salaries and Wages Expense
560
(c) 210
770
770
Miscellaneous Expense
160
160
160
Totals
7,360
7,360
Supplies Expense
(a) 1,380
1,380
1,380
Salaries and Wages Payable
(c) 210
210
210
Totals
1,730
1,730
7,570
7,570
2,310
2,540
5,260
5,030
Net Income
230
230
Totals
2,540
2,540
5,260
5,260
EXERCISE 4-2
DESOUSA COMPANY
(Partial) Worksheet
For the Month Ended April 30, 2014
Adjusted Trial Balance
Income Statement
Balance Sheet
Account Titles
Dr.
Cr.
Dr.
Cr.
Dr.
Cr.
Cash
10,000
10,000
Accounts Receivable
7,840
7,840
Prepaid Rent
2,280
2,280
Equipment
23,050
23,050
Accum. Depreciation Equipment
4,921
4,921
Notes Payable
5,700
5,700
Accounts Payable
4,920
4,920
Owner’s Capital
27,960
27,960
Owner’s Drawings
3,650
3,650
Service Revenue
15,590
15,590
Salaries and Wages Expense
10,840
10,840
Rent Expense
760
760
Depreciation Expense
671
671
Interest Expense
57
57
Interest Payable
57
57
Totals
59,148
59,148
12,328
15,590
46,820
43,558
Net Income
3,262
3,262
Totals
15,590
15,590
46,820
46,820
EXERCISE 4-3
DESOUSA COMPANY
Income Statement
For the Month Ended April 30, 2014
Revenues
Service revenue $15,590
Expenses
Salaries and wages expense $10,840
Rent expense 760
Depreciation expense 671
Interest expense 57
Total expenses 12,328
Net income $ 3,262
DESOUSA COMPANY
Owner’s Equity Statement
For the Month Ended April 30, 2014
Owner’s Capital, April 1 $27,960
Add: Net income 3,262
31,222
Less: Drawings 3,650
Owner’s Capital, April 30 $27,572
DESOUSA COMPANY
Balance Sheet
April 30, 2014
Assets
Current assets
Cash $10,000
Accounts receivable 7,840
Prepaid rent 2,280
Total current assets $20,120
Property, plant, and equipment
Equipment 23,050
Less: Accumulated depreciation—equipment 4,921 18,129
Total assets $38,249
EXERCISE 4-3 (Continued)
DESOUSA COMPANY
Balance Sheet (Continued)
April 30, 2014
Liabilities and Owner’s Equity
Current liabilities
Notes payable $5,700
Accounts payable 4,920
Interest payable 57
Total current liabilities $10,677
Owner’s equity
Owner’s capital 27,572
Total liabilities and owner’s equity $38,249
EXERCISE 4-4
(a) Apr. 30 Service Revenue 15,590
Income Summary 15,590
30 Income Summary 12,328
Salaries and Wages Expense 10,840
Rent Expense 760
Depreciation Expense 671
Interest Expense 57
30 Income Summary 3,262
Owner’s Capital 3,262
30 Owner’s Capital 3,650
Owner’s Drawings 3,650
(b)
Income Summary
Owner’s Capital
(2) 12,328
(1) 15,590
(4) 3,650
Bal. 27,960
(3) 3,262
(3) 3,262
15,590
15,590
Bal. 27,572
EXERCISE 4-4 (Continued)
(c) DESOUSA COMPANY
Post-Closing Trial Balance
April 30, 2014
Debit
Credit
Cash $10,000
Accounts Receivable 7,840
Prepaid Rent 2,280
Equipment 23,050
Accumulated Depreciation—Equipment $ 4,921
Notes Payable 5,700
Accounts Payable 4,920
Interest Payable 57
Owner’s Capital 27,572
$43,170 $43,170
EXERCISE 4-5
(a) Accounts Receivable 1,100
Service Revenue 1,100
Insurance Expense 300
Prepaid Insurance 300
Depreciation Expense 900
Accumulated Depreciation—Equipment 900
Salaries and Wages Expense 500
Salaries and Wages Payable 500
EXERCISE 4-5 (Continued)
(b)
Income Statement
Balance Sheet
Dr.
Cr.
Dr.
Cr.
Accounts Receivable
X
Prepaid Insurance
X
Accum. Depreciation—Equip.
X
Salaries and Wages Payable
X
Service Revenue
X
Salaries and Wages Expense
X
Insurance Expense
X
Depreciation Expense
X
EXERCISE 4-6
(a) Accounts Receivable—$25,000 ($34,000 – $9,000).
Supplies—$2,500 ($7,000 – $4,500).
Accumulated Depreciation—Equipment—$22,000 ($12,000 + $10,000).
Salaries and Wages Payable—$0 No liability recorded until adjustments are made.
Insurance Expense—$6,000 ($26,000 – $20,000).
Salaries and Wages Expense—$43,400 ($49,000 – $5,600).
(b) Accounts Receivable 9,000
Service Revenue 9,000
Insurance Expense 6,000
Prepaid Insurance 6,000
Supplies Expense 4,500
Supplies 4,500
Depreciation Expense 10,000
Accumulated Depreciation—Equipment 10,000
Salaries and Wages Expense 5,600
Salaries and Wages Payable 5,600
EXERCISE 4-7
(a) Service Revenue 4,300
Income Summary 4,300
Income Summary 3,500
Salaries and Wages Expense 1,344
Miscellaneous Expense 256
Supplies Expense 1,900
Income Summary 800
Owner’s Capital 800
Owner’s Capital 628
Owner’s Drawings 628
(b) KAY MAGILL COMPANY
Post-Closing Trial Balance
June 30, 2014
Account Titles
Debit
Credit
Cash $3,712
Accounts Receivable 3,904
Supplies 480
Accounts Payable $1,556
Salaries and Wages Payable 448
Unearned Service Revenue 160
Owner’s Capital 5,932
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