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Properties and reactions of acids and bases lab report

29/12/2020 Client: saad24vbs Deadline: 10 Days

Acid-Base Chemistry


Hands-On Labs, Inc. Version 42-0137-00-03


Lab Report Assistant


This document is not meant to be a substitute for a formal laboratory report. The Lab Report Assistant is simply a summary of the experiment’s questions, diagrams if needed, and data tables that should be addressed in a formal lab report. The intent is to facilitate students’ writing of lab reports by providing this information in an editable file which can be sent to an instructor.


Exercise 1: Using pH Paper and the Indicator Bromothymol Blue (BTB)


Data Table 1. Data Collected from Exercise 1.


ID Number


Chemical Name


Chemical Formula


Hypothesis: Acid or Base


pH


BTB Color


Acid or Base?


11A


Acetic acid


CH3COOH


Acid


pH 2


Yellow


Acid


11B


Nitric acid


HNO3


Acid


pH 3


Yellow


Acid


11C


Sulfuric acid


H2SO4


Acid


pH 3


Yellow


Acid


11D


Phosphoric acid


H3PO4


Acid


pH 2


Yellow


Acid


11E


Sodium acetate


CH3COONa


Base


pH 7


Blue


Base


11F


Sodium bicarbonate


NaHCO3


Acid


pH 8


Blue


Base


11G


Sodium dihydrogen phosphate


NaH2PO4


Base


pH 0


Yellow


Acid


11H


Sodium hydrogen sulfate


NaHSO4


Acid


pH 6


Yellow


Acid


12A


Sodium hydrogen sulfite


NaHSO3


Acid


pH 5


Yellow


Acid


12B


Limewater


Ca(OH)2


Base


pH 9


Blue


Base


12C


Sodium phosphate


Na3PO4


Base


pH 13


Blue


Base


12D


Sodium hydrogen phosphate


Na2HPO4


Base


pH 7


Blue


Base


12E


Ammonium hydroxide


NH4OH


Base


pH 8


Blue


Base


12F


Hydrochloric acid


HCl


Acid


pH 2


Yellow


Acid


12G


Sodium carbonate


Na2CO3


Base


pH 10


Blue


Base


12H


Sodium hydroxide


NaOH


Base


pH 12


Blue


Base


Questions


A. When you created hypotheses to guess whether each chemical was an acid or base, what specifically did you look for in the chemical formulas?


I looked for OH- or H+ in the formula and if it was an H+ than the chemical is most likely acidic and OH- would be basic.


B. What is the value of using pH paper as an indicator?


You could find if it were a weak or strong acid or base by looking at the pH paper. With the pH paper, you would be able to determine the substances pH value number and not just if it’s acidic or basic.


C. What is the value of using BTB as an indicator? When might BTB be a better choice than pH paper?


To figure out the pH value we must add the BTB, green means it's natural, blue is base, and yellow is acidic. It’s useful to do this whenever you want to know if any chemical is acidic or basic.


D. Write the chemical equation of mixing nitric acid (HNO3) with water.


HNO3 (aq)+ H2O(aq) <—>H3O++NO3-


E. Write the chemical equation of mixing ammonia (NH3) with water.


NH3(aq) H2O —>NH4+(aq)+ OH-(aq)


F. What are the conjugate acids and conjugate bases of questions D and E?


The conjugate bases of D and E are NO3-and OH


Exercise 2: Acid-Base Reactions


Data Table 2. Acid-Base Reactions.


Row


1


2


3


4


5


6


A HCl


pH:


11


pH:


10


pH:


10


pH: 9


# drops NaOH:


5


B CH3COOH


pH:


0


pH:


9


pH:


0


pH: 12


# drops NaOH:


6


C C,H2SO4


pH:


6


pH:


9


pH:


11


pH:


14


pH:


13


pH: 12


# drops NaOH:


9


D H3PO4


pH:


2


pH:


5


pH:


6


pH:


6


pH:


12


pH: 7


# drops NaOH:


12


Questions


A. Visually analyze the wells in the plate. What information can be gleaned from each well based on the color of the BTB indicator after each reaction has occurred? How do you know if neutralization has occurred? Cite examples from the well plate reactions to support your answer.


Neutralization has happened when the resulting solution's pH will be less than 7. While looking at the reaction in the wells, you could see the BTB reacting with the chemical the color change can indicate the Neutralization has happed. But I think the most effective way was to use the pH test strip to determine the pH level to see if Neutralization has happed.


B. What factors determine if neutralization occurs during an acid-base reaction?


A neutralization reaction is when an acid and a base react to form water and a salt and involves the combination of H+ ions and OH- ions to generate water. The neutralization of a strong acid and strong base has a pH equal to 7.


C. Is the pH at the equivalence point always equal to 7? Explain your answer based on your experimental observations. Include a discussion of equivalence point pH values for strong versus weak acids.


There is no motivation behind why the pH ought to be seven at the equivalence point except if the acid being titrated is a strong acid, and the base from the Burette is a solid base. On the off chance that you are titration a frail acid with a solid base, the items will be a weak base and an exceptionally weak acid. So, pH will be >7.


D. In all the chemical reaction performed in Exercise 2, neutralization occurs when the pH is neutral (7) or basic (>7). Did any of the reaction not result in a color change of the BTB indicator from yellow (acid) to blue (base)? Explain why neutralization may not have occurred in one or more reactions.


I feel that some the chemicals that were neutralized combined well with the BTB resulting in their chemical reaction to be neutral as it is neither acidic nor alkaline and some did not blend because it may have been a weak acid it does not dissociate fully when it is dissolved.


Exercise 3: Testing the pH of Household Products


Data Table 3. Household Acids and Bases.


Household substance


Prediction:


(Acid, Base, or Neutral)


pH Value


Conclusion:


(Acid, Base, or Neutral)


Coffee w/Cream


Acid


pH 7


Neutral


Soda (Coke)


Acid


pH 3


Acid


Bleach


Base


pH 10


Base


Lysol


Acid


pH 7


Neutral


Isopropyl


Acid


pH 5


Acid


Questions


A. What properties did you use to determine whether the substances you tested were acid or base?


What I used were the pH strips to help me conclude whether the chemical/product I tested was acid or base.


B. Did any of your findings surprise you? Why or why not?


I was surprised by the coffee since the result came out to be neutral. I have always been told that it was acidic due to what it does to your teeth in long-term. But after thinking about it since there was cream in the coffee, it may have canceled the acidity in the coffee that would have made it an acid. Another one that I was surprised with was the Lysol since it is a cleaner, I thought it would be acidic to be able to clean thoroughly and remove all the grams.


My Findings


After working on this lab, I learned that not all things that you have been told might be correct for instance when I did the test on the coffee with cream it did not come out to be acidic. After thinking about it, I came up with a hypothesis that I wanted to test to see if I was correct and to my findings, I was right. So, I knew that the coffee I tested was not acidic with the cream. I took it upon myself to test another coffee without the cream, and the result was that black coffee is more acidic, I used a pH strip to check the coffee, and the result was a pH leave of 5 making it acidic. In conclusion, if you would like a coffee with less acidity add some cream to cancel it out.



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