Loading...

Messages

Proposals

Stuck in your homework and missing deadline? Get urgent help in $10/Page with 24 hours deadline

Get Urgent Writing Help In Your Essays, Assignments, Homeworks, Dissertation, Thesis Or Coursework & Achieve A+ Grades.

Privacy Guaranteed - 100% Plagiarism Free Writing - Free Turnitin Report - Professional And Experienced Writers - 24/7 Online Support

Shaping behavior through rewards and consequences

19/11/2021 Client: muhammad11 Deadline: 2 Day

Shaping And Chaining, Reinforcement Schedules And One-Trial Learning

Read the instructions in the University of Phoenix Material: Shaping and Chaining, Reinforcement Schedules and One-Trial Learning and select one option to complete the assignment. You can choose from the following options:

Option 1: Environmental and Evolutionary Psychology Presentation
Option 2: Environmental and Evolutionary Psychology Literature Review
Option 3: Forensic Psychology Proposal
Option 4: Forensic Psychology Literature Review
Option 5: Health and Sports Psychology Proposal
Option 6: Health and Sports Psychology Literature Review
Option 7: Industrial/Organizational Psychology Proposal
Option 8: Industrial/Organizational Psychology Literature Review

HEALTH AND SPORTS PSYCHOLOGY REVIEW

2

Health and Sports Psychology Review

Psych 635

February 9, 2015 Health and Sports Psychology Review

The foundation of sports psychology centers on helping players maximize their performance and strengthen motor learning skills, by learning techniques to overcome mental blocks. The first publication of sports psychology focused on how spectators influence athletes competing in competitive bicycling (Brown & Mahoney, 1984). Health and sports psychology focuses on the influences of athletics and the psychological and physiological impact it has on humans. A sports psychologist assists athletes through the application of shaping and chaining, reinforcement schedules, and one-trial learning techniques in teaching new technical skills.

Shaping and Chaining

As a sports psychologist, one must comprehend the concepts of shaping and chaining when teaching and implementing unfamiliar technical skills to athletes. Before a behavior arises, an athlete cannot associate his or her skills and performance to a behavior, therefore shaping is only useful when linking behaviors that can help athletes perform adequately and comprehensively. “The basic operant conditioning method of behavioral change is shaping, or differential reinforcement of successive approximations to the desired form or rate of behavior” (Schunk, 2012). The process of shaping identifies behaviors not yet present, and assists athletes retrieve a specific behavior, mindset, and skill expansion. The process of shaping in sports psychology consists of the identification of the current abilities of an athlete, identification of a behavior, identification of possible reinforcement within an athlete’s environment, dividing the goal into smaller goals, and ultimately, guide the athlete to his or her desired behavior through the use of reinforcements (Schunk, 2012). For instance, when an athlete complains of weak leg muscles, he or she can begin with leg muscle development that fosters strength, stamina, and confidence. Once an athlete works toward a desired behavior, he or she will need to continue to reinforce the behavior until the desired results are achieved. A good example of this is hurdles.

Hurdles is a type of sports activity that requires athletes to run and leap over a bar at pre-determined intervals thus building leg muscles, strength and increasing versatility. An athlete accomplishing a hurdles race builds confidence and physical strength. By receiving corrective feedback, an athlete can achieve his or her desired goal. A sports psychological can assist an athlete by monitoring speed, versatility, and strength and encouraging an athlete to do more, go faster, and untimely achieve their goal.

According to B.F. Skinner, “Chaining is the process of producing or altering some of the variables that serve as stimuli for future responses” (Schunk, 2012, p. 99). Chaining identifies when an athlete desired skill acquisition without reinforcement of successful elements of monitor behavior an athlete cannot improve or achieve higher performance (Greene, 2012). “The operant principle of chaining has been widely researched and implemented with motor skill acquisition and improvement, therefore, in order to ensure proper motor learning, reinforcement of specific behaviors must occur” (Greene, 2012, p.1). Every step offers a signal of action for the next step; a chain is a sequence of cues and behaviors, therefore when one’s behavior in a chain of reactive step generates another signal for the next course of action. Chaining is very useful for sports psychologists when assisting athletes enhance performance and achieve their goals. For example, when an athlete is struggling while training for an event, or merely has a desire to improve his or her performance, a sports psychologist can develop a plan for the athlete to follow on a daily, weekly, and monthly basis. When an athlete follows these guidelines, he or she is creating a chain. Many times athletes develop psychological hindrances that prevent them from performing at an optimal level, therefore a sport psychologist can analyze those factors and examine methods of motivation, enhancing, or eliminating self-esteem issues and offer encouragement throughout stages of progress. Shaping and chaining is a useful tool for sport psychologists in assisting athletes by focusing on the psychological and physiological factors athletes need to succeed.

Reinforcement Schedules

Primarily known for his theory of operant conditioning, B.F. Skinner believed behaviors were dependent on the after-effect of a response called operant behavior. In operant conditioning, scheduling reinforcements are crucial components of learning. There are two types of reinforcement schedules: continuous and partial reinforcement. The schedule of frequency for behavioral reinforcement has a significant impact on the intensity and timeline of the desired response. Continuous reinforcement is more effective during the initial stages of learning to develop a solid connection of the behavior and response. This occurs through the presentation of reinforcement every time an undesired or desired behavior appears. Partial reinforcement is the response of reinforcement only part of the time rather than continuously. Reinforcement schedules can help athletes learn new technical skills through reward or punishment. These schedules help ensure an athlete’s dedication and focus toward his or her goals. When an individual suffers from a psychological or physiological issue, positive reinforcement is pure joy such as an enjoyable evening with friends or a day without working out, therefore the experience is pleasurable and desirable. The negative reinforcement and punishment stage is when the joy is taken away or controlled (consequence). For example, an extra workout, or additional laps around the track or denial of participating in an upcoming event. Although it is important for sports psychologists to provide a positive and encouraging environment for their clients, it is also important to use negative reinforcement to motivate athletes to improve perform.

One-Trial Learning Techniques

The one-trial learning technique involves learning by a single paired response and stimulus, not repetitive responses. If a child places his or her hand on a hot stove and burns it, the child will most likely not do so again fearing the pain from the first experience. Sports psychologists can use one-trial learning techniques to teach athletes the type of mistakes not to make more than once, therefore avoiding time and health consuming hindrances. Many times injuries can happen to athletes causing financial, physiological, and psychological setbacks. When an athlete heals, he or she learns from that one-time error, to avoid such a task or move. Many times athletes over-exert themselves and the one-trial learning technique teaches them to realize and respect their limitations. For example, when long-distance runners decide to push themselves to beat their current time or a competitor’s, they may be doing more good than harm, therefore if they pull a ligament or become sore or unable to run on schedule, they will have learned from this learning technique.

Conclusion

According to Division 47 of the American Psychological Association (2013),

Sports psychology, includes a range of topics that include motivation to continue and achieve, psychological considerations in sport injury and rehabilitation, counseling techniques with athletes, assessing talent, exercise adherence and well-being, self-perceptions related to achieving, expertise in sport, youth sport and performance enhancement and self-regulation techniques (para.1).

Health and sports psychology focuses on an extensive spectrum of clinical, scientific, and adapted subject matter regarding exercise and sports. This field of science focuses on the psychological vision of applying motivation and performance improvement and the comprehension of improving mental and physical health. Among these applied techniques are shaping and chaining, reinforcement schedules, and one-trail learning techniques to assist athletes achieving optimal psychological and physiological health.

References

American Psychological Association. (2013). Purpose and goals. Retrieved from http://www.apa.org/divisions/div47/APA%20Div%2047%20(2)/about_purposeandgoals. html

Browne, M. A., & Mahoney, M. J. (1984). Sport psychology. Annual Review of Psychology,

35(1), 605.

Greene, L. M. (2012). Mastery chaining and modeling to improve dart throwing skill acquisition. (Order No. 3549416, Hofstra University). ProQuest Dissertations and Theses, 85. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/1283383949?accountid=458. (1283383949).

Schunk, D. H. (2012). Learning theories: An educational perspective (6th ed.). Boston, MA: Pearson Education.

Homework is Completed By:

Writer Writer Name Amount Client Comments & Rating
Instant Homework Helper

ONLINE

Instant Homework Helper

$36

She helped me in last minute in a very reasonable price. She is a lifesaver, I got A+ grade in my homework, I will surely hire her again for my next assignments, Thumbs Up!

Order & Get This Solution Within 3 Hours in $25/Page

Custom Original Solution And Get A+ Grades

  • 100% Plagiarism Free
  • Proper APA/MLA/Harvard Referencing
  • Delivery in 3 Hours After Placing Order
  • Free Turnitin Report
  • Unlimited Revisions
  • Privacy Guaranteed

Order & Get This Solution Within 6 Hours in $20/Page

Custom Original Solution And Get A+ Grades

  • 100% Plagiarism Free
  • Proper APA/MLA/Harvard Referencing
  • Delivery in 6 Hours After Placing Order
  • Free Turnitin Report
  • Unlimited Revisions
  • Privacy Guaranteed

Order & Get This Solution Within 12 Hours in $15/Page

Custom Original Solution And Get A+ Grades

  • 100% Plagiarism Free
  • Proper APA/MLA/Harvard Referencing
  • Delivery in 12 Hours After Placing Order
  • Free Turnitin Report
  • Unlimited Revisions
  • Privacy Guaranteed

6 writers have sent their proposals to do this homework:

Isabella K.
Quick N Quality
Smart Tutor
Peter O.
Writing Factory
Top Writing Guru
Writer Writer Name Offer Chat
Isabella K.

ONLINE

Isabella K.

I am an elite class writer with more than 6 years of experience as an academic writer. I will provide you the 100 percent original and plagiarism-free content.

$22 Chat With Writer
Quick N Quality

ONLINE

Quick N Quality

I am a PhD writer with 10 years of experience. I will be delivering high-quality, plagiarism-free work to you in the minimum amount of time. Waiting for your message.

$40 Chat With Writer
Smart Tutor

ONLINE

Smart Tutor

I reckon that I can perfectly carry this project for you! I am a research writer and have been writing academic papers, business reports, plans, literature review, reports and others for the past 1 decade.

$29 Chat With Writer
Peter O.

ONLINE

Peter O.

I reckon that I can perfectly carry this project for you! I am a research writer and have been writing academic papers, business reports, plans, literature review, reports and others for the past 1 decade.

$21 Chat With Writer
Writing Factory

ONLINE

Writing Factory

I have read your project details and I can provide you QUALITY WORK within your given timeline and budget.

$15 Chat With Writer
Top Writing Guru

ONLINE

Top Writing Guru

As an experienced writer, I have extensive experience in business writing, report writing, business profile writing, writing business reports and business plans for my clients.

$32 Chat With Writer

Let our expert academic writers to help you in achieving a+ grades in your homework, assignment, quiz or exam.

Similar Homework Questions

Code in color charity kindness diaries - Using Hofstedes Characterisics model to differentiate inernational and domestic business decisions - Leadership Blog - Chcdiv001 assessment 1 answers - The sanding department of richards furniture company - I need a wife judy brady - Variable speed drive wiki - Multi causal model of addiction - Writing Assignment: Research Proposal Letter - Passion by kathleen raine - Nine steps in ackerman and anderson's roadmap for change - Bank account program in java using constructors - 2 bit synchronous up down counter - How many people could the colosseum hold - Glass menagerie test questions - Vip 300 relay manual - Cheek cell microscope lab answers - Indication of passive movement - Risk Manager in the Healthcare Setting Week 5 Discussion - Sugar is a major ingredient in many breakfast cereals - Unit 12 internet marketing m1 - Byrne and clore reward need satisfaction theory - Lab 3 using Excel - Hydrochloric acid react with sodium carbonate - Classify the quadric surface. 4x2 − y2 − z2 = 1 - Politics - Pecking order theory investopedia - Compare and contrast the biological and behaviourist approach - Law & Ethics in the Business Environment - Foundations of comparative politics clark pdf - Npv crossover rate excel - Ati basic concept - Pm4 - Cwv origins powerpoint - Internal Persuasive Proposal using toulmin model - Can you double jump in draughts - Global leadership foundation emotional intelligence quiz - Stealthy dwarf snow white - Ksh commands cheat sheet - Elena gilbert house inside - 1 rep max chart - Recorded Retail Site Selection Presentation - Which technological factor determines the impact of a failure domain - Wgu c229 social media campaign - Factorial of negative number - Homeland Security - Contract management maturity model cmmm - Basic Skills Required to Write an Expository Essay. - Casio fx-82au plus ii standard deviation - Beyond the beautiful forevers chapter summary - Does target sell kindle fire hd - Difference between omnipotent and symbolic view of management - Public house os map symbol - Discount factor table cima - Business law textbook high school - Dc dc converter capacitor selection - Distributed query processing in dbms - Cambridge primary mathematics stage 2 - Transformation in the tempest quotes - Dulux weathershield colours australia - P - Canadian electrical code questions - Thomas weelkes's as vesta was descending is notable for its - 4.05 places in the community writing assignment - Financial statement - Engineering national university of singapore - Nursing diagnosis of trigeminal neuralgia - Which of the following best describes a computer network - Teamtechnology co uk personality test - How to apply psychology to your life - Piper cherokee pa 28 180 checklist - Eating cultures incorporation identity and indian food - Delphi printer simulation scenario a - Reflection Paper - First look at communication theory 10th edition pdf - 5 day powerlifting split - MKT/435 WEEK 1 - Linguascope le la song - Blp oil spray system - Leadership Applications CRJ-565-MCOL3 - What is the domain of an exponential function - 304 delma street weslaco tx - How to do a quantitative research critique - Social Media and how enterprise needs to react to it - 560 paper - Dr ray hagins is the bible full of lies - News research - Assignment 3: Intellectual Property Laws and Security Measures - Discussion - Human population growth most closely resembles - Rough Draft Qualitative Research Critique and Ethical Considerations - Mkt 421 week 3 - Care certificate standard 4 - Studio art elements and principles - Pathophysiology case studies with answers - A circus performer is shot out of a cannon - Chalmeda lakshmi narasimha rao - 3 pages - Annotated Bibliography - Essentials of good report writing in business communication