Social value vs economic value

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PREFACE

The Business Strategy Game and GLO-BUS Online Simulations Both allow teams of students to manage companies in a head-to-head contest for global market leadership. These simulations give students the immediate opportunity to experiment with various strategy options and to gain proficiency in applying the concepts and tools they have been reading about in the chapters. To find out more or to register, please visit www.mhhe.com/ thompsonsims.

ADDITIONAL RESOURCES FOR COURSE DESIGN AND DELIVERY Create Craft your teaching resources to match the way you teach! With McGraw-Hill Create, www.mcgrawhillcreate.com, you can easily rearrange chapters, combine material from other content sources, and quickly upload content you have written, like your course syllabus or teaching notes. Find the content you need in Create by searching through thousands of leading McGraw-Hill textbooks. Arrange your book to fit your teaching style. Create even allows you to personalize your book’s appearance by selecting the cover and adding your name, school, and course information. Order a Create book and you’ll receive a complimentary print review copy in three to five business days or a complimentary electronic review copy (eComp) via email in about one hour. Go to www.mcgrawhillcreate.com today and register. Experience how McGraw- Hill Create empowers you to teach your students your way.

E-Book Options E-books are an innovative way for students to save money and to “go green.” McGraw-Hill’s e-books are typically 40 percent of bookstore price. Students have the choice between an online and a downloadable CourseSmart e-book.

Through CourseSmart, students have the flexibility to access an exact replica of their textbook from any computer that has Internet service, without plug-ins or special software via the version, or create a library of books on their hard drive via the downloadable version. Access to CourseSmart e-books is one year.

Features: CourseSmart e-books allow students to highlight, take notes, organize notes, and share the notes with other CourseSmart users. Students can also search terms across all e-books in their purchased CourseSmart library. CourseSmart e-books can be printed (5 pages at a time).

More info and purchase: Please visit www.coursesmart.com for more information and to purchase access to our e-books. CourseSmart allows students to try one chapter of the e-book, free of charge, before purchase.

McGraw-Hill Higher Education and Blackboard McGraw-Hill Higher Education and Blackboard have teamed up. What does this mean for you?

1. Your life, simplified. Now you and your students can access McGraw-Hill’s Connect and Create right from within your Blackboard course—all with one single sign-on. Say goodbye to the days of logging in to multiple applications.

2. Deep integration of content and tools. Not only do you get single sign-on with Connect and Create, you also get deep integration of McGraw-Hill content and content engines

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right in Blackboard. Whether you’re choosing a book for your course or building Connect assignments, all the tools you need are right where you want them—inside Blackboard.

3. Seamless gradebooks. Are you tired of keeping multiple gradebooks and manually synchronizing grades into Blackboard? We thought so. When a student completes an integrated Connect assignment, the grade for that assignment automatically (and instantly) feeds into Blackboard grade center.

4. A solution for everyone. Whether your institution is already using Blackboard or you just want to try Blackboard on your own, we have a solution for you. McGraw-Hill and Blackboard can now offer you easy access to industry-leading technology and content, whether your campus hosts it or we do. Be sure to ask your local McGraw-Hill representative for details.

McGraw-Hill Customer Care Contact Information At McGraw-Hill, we understand that getting the most from new technology can be challenging. That’s why our services don’t stop after you purchase our products. You can email our product specialists 24 hours a day to get product training online. Or you can search our knowledge bank of Frequently Asked Questions on our support website. For customer support, call 800-331- 5094, email hmsupport@mcgraw-hill.com, or visit www.mhhe.com/support. One of our technical support analysts will be able to assist you in a timely fashion.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Strategic Management represents far more than just the joint efforts of the three co-authors. Rather, it is the product of the collaborative input of many people. Some of these individuals are academic colleagues, others are the outstanding team of professionals at McGraw-Hill, and still others are those who are closest to us—our families. It is time to express our sincere gratitude.

First, we’d like to acknowledge the dedicated instructors who have graciously provided their insights since the inception of the text. Their input has been very helpful in both pointing out errors in the manuscript and suggesting areas that needed further development as additional topics. We sincerely believe that the incorporation of their ideas has been critical to improving the final product. These professionals and their affiliations are:

The Reviewer Hall of Fame Moses Acquaah, University of North Carolina-Greensboro Todd Alessandri, Northeastern University Larry Alexander, Virginia Polytechnic Institute Thomas H. Allison, Washington State University Brent B. Allred, College of William & Mary

Allen C. Amason, Georgia Southern University Kathy Anders, Arizona State University Jonathan Anderson, University of West Georgia Peter H. Antoniou, California State University- San Marcos Dave Arnott, Dallas Baptist University

Marne L. Arthaud-Day, Kansas State University Dr. Bindu Arya, University of Missouri— St. Louis Jay A. Azriel, York College of Pennsylvania Jeffrey J. Bailey, University of Idaho David L. Baker, PhD, John Carroll University

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PREFACE

Dennis R. Balch, University of North Alabama Bruce Barringer, University of Central Florida Barbara R. Bartkus, Old Dominion University Barry Bayon, Bryant University Brent D. Beal, Louisiana State University Dr. Patricia Beckenholdt, Business and Professional Programs, University of Maryland, University College Joyce Beggs, University of North Carolina-Charlotte Michael Behnam, Suffolk University Kristen Bell DeTienne, Brigham Young University Eldon Bernstein, Lynn University Lyda Bigelow, University of Utah David Blair, University of Nebraska at Omaha Daniela Blettner, Tilburg University Dusty Bodie, Boise State University William Bogner, Georgia State University David S. Boss, PhD, Ohio University Scott Browne, Chapman University Jon Bryan, Bridgewater State College

Charles M. Byles, Virginia Commonwealth University

Mikelle A. Calhoun, Valparaiso University

Thomas J. Callahan, University of Michigan–Dearborn

Samuel D. Cappel, Southeastern Louisiana State University

Gary Carini, Baylor University

Shawn M. Carraher, University of Texas–Dallas

Tim Carroll, University of South Carolina Don Caruth, Amberton University

Maureen Casile, Bowling Green State University

Gary J. Castrogiovanni, Florida Atlantic University

Radha Chaganti, Rider University

Erick PC Chang, Arkansas State University

Tuhin Chaturvedi, Joseph M. Katz Graduate School of Business, University of Pittsburgh

Jianhong Chen, University of New Hampshire

Tianxu Chen, Oakland University

Andy Y. Chiou, SUNY Farmingdale State College

Theresa Cho, Rutgers University

Timothy S. Clark, Northern Arizona University

Bruce Clemens, Western New England College

Betty S. Coffey, Appalachian State University

Wade Coggins, Webster University-Fort Smith Metro Campus

Susan Cohen, University of Pittsburgh

George S. Cole, Shippensburg University

Joseph Coombs, Virginia Commonwealth University

Christine Cope Pence, University of California-Riverside

James J. Cordeiro, SUNY Brockport Stephen E. Courter, University of Texas at Austin

Jeffrey Covin, Indiana University

Keith Credo, Auburn University

Joshua J. Daspit, PhD, Mississippi State University

Deepak Datta, University of Texas at Arlington James Davis, Utah State University Justin L. Davis, University of West Florida David Dawley, West Virginia University Daniel DeGravel, California State University Northridge, David Nazarian College of Business and Economics

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Helen Deresky, State University of New York-Plattsburgh Rocki-Lee DeWitt, University of Vermont Jay Dial, Ohio State University Michael E. Dobbs, Arkansas State University Jonathan Doh, Villanova University Dr. John Donnellan, NJCU School of Business Tom Douglas, Clemson University Jon Down, Oregon State University Meredith Downes, Illinois State University Alan E. Ellstrand, University of Arkansas Dean S. Elmuti, Eastern Illinois University Clare Engle, Concordia University Mehmet Erdem Genc, Baruch College, CUNY Tracy Ethridge, Tri-County Technical College William A. Evans, Troy State University-Dothan Frances H. Fabian, University of Memphis Angelo Fanelli, Warrington College of Business Michael Fathi, Georgia Southwestern University Carolyn J. Fausnaugh, Florida Institute of Technology

Tamela D. Ferguson, University of Louisiana at Lafayette

David Flanagan, Western Michigan University

Kelly Flis, The Art Institutes

Karen Ford-Eickhoff, University of North Carolina Charlotte

Dave Foster, Montana State University

Isaac Fox, University of Minnesota

Charla S. Fraley, Columbus State Community College–Columbus, Ohio

Deborah Francis, Brevard College

Steven A. Frankforter, Winthrop University

Vance Fried, Oklahoma State University

Karen Froelich, North Dakota State University

Naomi A. Gardberg, Baruch College, CUNY

Joe Gerard, Western New England University

J. Michael Geringer, Ohio University

Diana L. Gilbertson, California State University–Fresno

Matt Gilley, St. Mary’s University

Debbie Gilliard, Metropolitan State College-Denver

Yezdi H. Godiwalla, University of Wisconsin–Whitewater

Sanjay Goel, University of Minnesota-Duluth

Sandy Gough, Boise State University

Amy Gresock, PhD The University of Michigan, Flint

Vishal K. Gupta, The University of Mississippi

Dr. Susan Hansen, University of Wisconsin–Platteville

Allen Harmon, University of Minnesota–Duluth

Niran Harrison, University of Oregon

Paula Harveston, Berry College

Ahmad Hassan, Morehead State University

Donald Hatfield, Virginia Polytechnic Institute

Kim Hester, Arkansas State University

Scott Hicks, Liberty University

John Hironaka, California State University–Sacramento

Anne Kelly Hoel, University of Wisconsin– Stout

Alan Hoffman, Bentley College

Gordon Holbein, University of Kentucky

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PREFACE

Stephen V. Horner, Pittsburg State University Jill Hough, University of Tulsa John Humphreys, Eastern New Mexico University James G. Ibe, Morris College Jay J. Janney, University of Dayton Lawrence Jauch, University of Louisiana-Monroe Dana M. Johnson, Michigan Technical University Homer Johnson, Loyola University, Chicago Marilyn R. Kaplan, Naveen Jindal School of Management, University of Texas–Dallas James Katzenstein, California State University– Dominguez Hills Joseph Kavanaugh, Sam Houston State University Franz Kellermanns, University of Tennessee Craig Kelley, California State University-Sacramento Donna Kelley, Babson College Dave Ketchen, Auburn University John A. Kilpatrick, Idaho State University Dr. Jaemin Kim, Stockton University Brent H. Kinghorn, Emporia State University

Helaine J. Korn, Baruch College, CUNY Stan Kowalczyk, San Francisco State University Daniel Kraska, North Central State College Donald E. Kreps, Kutztown University Jim Kroeger, Cleveland State University Subdoh P. Kulkarni, Howard University Ron Lambert, Faulkner University Theresa Lant, New York University Jai Joon Lee, California State University Sacramento Ted Legatski, Texas Christian University David J. Lemak, Washington State University–Tri-Cities Cynthia Lengnick-Hall, University of Texas at San Antonio Donald L. Lester, Arkansas State University Wanda Lester, North Carolina A&T State University Krista B. Lewellyn, University of Wyoming Benyamin Lichtenstein, University of Massachusetts at Boston Jun Lin, SUNY at New Paltz Zhiang (John) Lin, University of Texas at Dallas

Dan Lockhart, University of Kentucky John Logan, University of South Carolina Franz T. Lohrke, Samford University Kevin B. Lowe, Graduate School of Management, University of Auckland Leyland M. Lucas, Morgan State University Doug Lyon, Fort Lewis College Rickey Madden, PhD, Presbyterian College James Maddox, Friends University Ravi Madhavan, University of Pittsburgh Paul Mallette, Colorado State University Santo D. Marabella, Moravian College Catherine Maritan, Syracuse University Daniel Marrone, Farmingdale State College, SUNY Sarah Marsh, Northern Illinois University Jim Martin, Washburn University John R. Massaua, University of Southern Maine Hao Ma, Bryant College Larry McDaniel, Alabama A&M University Jean McGuire, Louisiana State University