Southernization world history

Read the attached article, Lynda_Shaffer_Southernization.pdfPreview the document (from page 1-12) and answer the following questions:

What does the author mean by “Southernization”?
How does Shaffer define the “South”?
List the ideas, the agricultural, mineral, and manufactured products and the inventions that she associates with “Southernization.”
What places were the ideas, agriculture, minerals, and manufactured products associated with?
What were the major contributions of Indians, Malays, and Chinese to hemispheric development?
Again, your responses do not need to be in essay form. However, they need to be complete.

Southernization lynda shaffer Tufts University he term southernization is a new one. It is used here to refer to a multifaceted process that began in Southern Asia and T spread from there to various other places around the globe. The process included so many interrelated strands of development that it is impossible to do more here than sketch out the general outlines of a few of them. Among the most important that will be omitted from this discussion are the metallurgical, the medical, and the literary. Those included are the development of mathematics; the production and marketing of subtropical or tropical spices; the pioneering of new trade routes; the cultivation, processing, and marketing of southern crops such as sugar and cotton; and the development of various related technologies. The term southernization is meant to be analogous to westernization. Westernization refers to certain developments that first occurred in western Europe. Those developments changed Europe and eventually spread to other places and changed them as well. In the same way, southernization changed Southern Asia and later spread to other areas, which then underwent a process of change. Southernization was well under way in Southern Asia by the fifth century c.e., during the reign of India’s Gupta kings (320–535 c.e.). It was by that time already spreading to China. In the eighth century various elements characteristic of southernization began spreading through the lands of the Muslim caliphates. Both in China and in the lands of the caliphate, the process led to dramatic changes, and by the year 1200 it was beginning to have an impact on the Christian Mediterranean. One could argue that Journal of World History, Vol. 5, No. 1 © 1994 by University of Hawaii Press 1 2 journal of world history, spring 1994 within the Northern Hemisphere, by this time the process of southernization had created an eastern hemisphere characterized by a rich south and a north that was poor in comparison.