Loading...

Messages

Proposals

Stuck in your homework and missing deadline? Get urgent help in $10/Page with 24 hours deadline

Get Urgent Writing Help In Your Essays, Assignments, Homeworks, Dissertation, Thesis Or Coursework & Achieve A+ Grades.

Privacy Guaranteed - 100% Plagiarism Free Writing - Free Turnitin Report - Professional And Experienced Writers - 24/7 Online Support

STAT305

23/10/2020 Client: anasa Deadline: 3 days

 Let X  = (X1,...,Xn) be the blood pressure (measured in mmHg) and let Y = (Y1,...,Yn) be the cortisol level (measured in mcg/dL) recorded for n = 79 patients recruited for a study in a hospital (Xi and Yi are measurements for the same patient). What test is most appropriate to gather evidence towards the alternative hypothesis that blood pressure is associated with cortisol level? Please provide the reasoning in detail for your answer.


A)  The two-sample paired t-test with the null hypothesis that the means of X and Y differ.


B)  The test with the null hypothesis that the Pearson correlation coefficient between X and Y is zero.


C)  The test with the null hypothesis that the regression coefficient is zero in a linear regression with response variable X (blood pressure) and explanatory variable Y (cortisol level).


(5 points)


ii)  Suppose that a treatment is proposed to reduce the duration from the time of infection date, to the time at which a first negative test is recorded in people with mild COVID-19 (call this time period the duration). Suppose that 27 people with mild COVID-19 (the study population) are administered the treatment and 73 people with mild COVID-19 are not administered the


treatment (the control population). Both populations are sampled from patients tested at the same clinic over the same period. Let the durations for the study sample be X = (X1, X2,...), and the durations for the control sample be Y = (Y1, Y2,...). What test is most appropriate to gather evidence towards the alternative hypothesis that the treatment reduces the duration? Please provide the reasoning for your answer. Please provide the reasoning in detail for your answer.


A)  The one-sided two-sample unpaired t-test with H0: The mean of X is greater than or equal to the mean of Y.


B)  The one-sided two-sample unpaired t-test with the null hypothesis that the mean of X is less than or equal to the mean of Y.


C)  The test against the null hypothesis that the Spearman’s ranked correlation coefficient between X and Y is zero.


D)  The one-sided two-sample paired t-test against H0: The mean difference between Xi and Yi is less than or equal to zero.


E)  The two-sided two-sample paired t-test with the null hypothesis that the mean difference between Xi and Yi is zero.


(5 points)


iii)  Road vehicle accidents involving ambulances have more detrimental outcomes than accidents involving other similarly sized vehicles (Ray and Kupas, 2005). Measures to avoid such accidents are continually being refined by organizations involved in emergency medical services. Suppose that a city council is interested in knowing if adoption of such measures has lead to an improvement over the last decade. Suppose that the ratio between the number of accidents 


iv)  involving ambulances (the numerator) and the number of kilometers driven by ambulances (the denominator) has been recorded (rt with units’ number of accidents per kilometer year) for each year t over the past decade. Which single one of the following statistical quantities is most relevant 


for investigating whether or not measures are leading to improvements? Please provide the reasoning in detail for your answer.


A)  The sample standard deviation of rt.


B)  The sample mean of rt.


C)  The Pearson correlation coefficient ρ between rt and t.


D)  The regression coefficient for t in a linear regression with rt as the response variable and t as the explanatory variable.


E)  The regression coefficient for rt in a linear regression with rt as the explanatory variable and t as the response variable.


Problem 2: Bayes’ rule


A study was conducted to assess the sensitivity and specificity of four different human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) serology tests (Koblavi-D`eme et al. 2001). The Determine test was among the four, it was developed by Abbott Laboratories (an American provider of health care, medical devices and pharmaceuticals) and was found to have a true negative rate (the true negative rate is also called specificity) of 99.4% and a true positive rate (the true positive rate is also called sensitivity) of 100%. The true negative rate of a test for a disease is the probability that someone without the disease tests negative. The true positive rate of a test for a disease is the probability that someone with the disease tests positive. HIV may be transmitted from an expecting parent to their child by transmission during childbirth or by transmission to the fetus during pregnancy (throughout, assume that there’s no other way for a newborn to be infected). Treatment by the drugs zidovudine or nevirapine has been shown to reduce the rate of these sorts of transmission of HIV by 38% to 50% in the absence of other intervention (Koblavi-D`eme et al. 2001).


a) Suppose that an expecting parent is infected with HIV and they are treated with zidovudine or nevirapine during pregnancy. Suppose that after they give birth, a Determine serology test reports a positive test for HIV. What is the probability that the child does not have HIV? Round your answer to the nearest 10-th of a percent.


 (6 points) 


b) UNAIDS (an organization established by the United Nations Economic and Social Council) estimates the prevalence of HIV in Cˆote d’Ivoire among people aged 15-49 to be 2.6%. If a Determine serology test reported a positive test for HIV in someone selected uniformly at random among all people in Cˆote d’Ivoire aged 15-49, what is the probability that the person does not have HIV? Round your answer to the nearest 10-th of a percent.


(4 points)


c) In the USA, according to the Centers for Disease Control (a public health institute within the United States Department of Health and Human Services), if someone has a positive serology test for HIV they are not diagnosed as HIV-positive until a second follow-up test also yields a positive test result. What is the probability that someone is incorrectly diagnosed as HIV-positive (i.e., if someone is not infected with HIV, what is the probability that their first test and also their second follow-up test are both positive)? Suppose that both tests are Determine serology tests, and also assume that the test results are statistically independent. Express your answer in expected number of events in a million (i.e. something like ‘a 36 in a million chance’ or ‘a one in a million chance’). Also: In one sentence, what is a possible argument as to why the assumption of independence of the two test results might be wrong? (Your argument does not have to be sound, but it must be valid without being tautological).


 (3 points) 


d) What is the probability that an HIV infected expecting parent transmits HIV to their child either during childbirth or through transmitting HIV to the fetus during pregnancy, given that the parent has not received treatment with the drugs zidovudine or nevirapine, and in the absence of other intervention, according to the preamble of this problem (in concordance with Koblavi-D`eme et al. 2001)?


(2 points) Let X  = (X1,...,Xn) be the blood pressure (measured in mmHg) and let Y = (Y1,...,Yn) be the cortisol level (measured in mcg/dL) recorded for n = 79 patients recruited for a study in a hospital (Xi and Yi are measurements for the same patient). What test is most appropriate to gather evidence towards the alternative hypothesis that blood pressure is associated with cortisol level? Please provide the reasoning in detail for your answer.


A)  The two-sample paired t-test with the null hypothesis that the means of X and Y differ.


B)  The test with the null hypothesis that the Pearson correlation coefficient between X and Y is zero.


C)  The test with the null hypothesis that the regression coefficient is zero in a linear regression with response variable X (blood pressure) and explanatory variable Y (cortisol level).


(5 points)


ii)  Suppose that a treatment is proposed to reduce the duration from the time of infection date, to the time at which a first negative test is recorded in people with mild COVID-19 (call this time period the duration). Suppose that 27 people with mild COVID-19 (the study population) are administered the treatment and 73 people with mild COVID-19 are not administered the


treatment (the control population). Both populations are sampled from patients tested at the same clinic over the same period. Let the durations for the study sample be X = (X1, X2,...), and the durations for the control sample be Y = (Y1, Y2,...). What test is most appropriate to gather evidence towards the alternative hypothesis that the treatment reduces the duration? Please provide the reasoning for your answer. Please provide the reasoning in detail for your answer.


A)  The one-sided two-sample unpaired t-test with H0: The mean of X is greater than or equal to the mean of Y.


B)  The one-sided two-sample unpaired t-test with the null hypothesis that the mean of X is less than or equal to the mean of Y.


C)  The test against the null hypothesis that the Spearman’s ranked correlation coefficient between X and Y is zero.


D)  The one-sided two-sample paired t-test against H0: The mean difference between Xi and Yi is less than or equal to zero.


E)  The two-sided two-sample paired t-test with the null hypothesis that the mean difference between Xi and Yi is zero.


(5 points)


iii)  Road vehicle accidents involving ambulances have more detrimental outcomes than accidents involving other similarly sized vehicles (Ray and Kupas, 2005). Measures to avoid such accidents are continually being refined by organizations involved in emergency medical services. Suppose that a city council is interested in knowing if adoption of such measures has lead to an improvement over the last decade. Suppose that the ratio between the number of accidents 


iv)  involving ambulances (the numerator) and the number of kilometers driven by ambulances (the denominator) has been recorded (rt with units’ number of accidents per kilometer year) for each year t over the past decade. Which single one of the following statistical quantities is most relevant 


for investigating whether or not measures are leading to improvements? Please provide the reasoning in detail for your answer.


A)  The sample standard deviation of rt.


B)  The sample mean of rt.


C)  The Pearson correlation coefficient ρ between rt and t.


D)  The regression coefficient for t in a linear regression with rt as the response variable and t as the explanatory variable.


E)  The regression coefficient for rt in a linear regression with rt as the explanatory variable and t as the response variable.


Problem 2: Bayes’ rule


A study was conducted to assess the sensitivity and specificity of four different human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) serology tests (Koblavi-D`eme et al. 2001). The Determine test was among the four, it was developed by Abbott Laboratories (an American provider of health care, medical devices and pharmaceuticals) and was found to have a true negative rate (the true negative rate is also called specificity) of 99.4% and a true positive rate (the true positive rate is also called sensitivity) of 100%. The true negative rate of a test for a disease is the probability that someone without the disease tests negative. The true positive rate of a test for a disease is the probability that someone with the disease tests positive. HIV may be transmitted from an expecting parent to their child by transmission during childbirth or by transmission to the fetus during pregnancy (throughout, assume that there’s no other way for a newborn to be infected). Treatment by the drugs zidovudine or nevirapine has been shown to reduce the rate of these sorts of transmission of HIV by 38% to 50% in the absence of other intervention (Koblavi-D`eme et al. 2001).


a) Suppose that an expecting parent is infected with HIV and they are treated with zidovudine or nevirapine during pregnancy. Suppose that after they give birth, a Determine serology test reports a positive test for HIV. What is the probability that the child does not have HIV? Round your answer to the nearest 10-th of a percent.


 (6 points) 


b) UNAIDS (an organization established by the United Nations Economic and Social Council) estimates the prevalence of HIV in Cˆote d’Ivoire among people aged 15-49 to be 2.6%. If a Determine serology test reported a positive test for HIV in someone selected uniformly at random among all people in Cˆote d’Ivoire aged 15-49, what is the probability that the person does not have HIV? Round your answer to the nearest 10-th of a percent.


(4 points)


c) In the USA, according to the Centers for Disease Control (a public health institute within the United States Department of Health and Human Services), if someone has a positive serology test for HIV they are not diagnosed as HIV-positive until a second follow-up test also yields a positive test result. What is the probability that someone is incorrectly diagnosed as HIV-positive (i.e., if someone is not infected with HIV, what is the probability that their first test and also their second follow-up test are both positive)? Suppose that both tests are Determine serology tests, and also assume that the test results are statistically independent. Express your answer in expected number of events in a million (i.e. something like ‘a 36 in a million chance’ or ‘a one in a million chance’). Also: In one sentence, what is a possible argument as to why the assumption of independence of the two test results might be wrong? (Your argument does not have to be sound, but it must be valid without being tautological).


 (3 points) 


d) What is the probability that an HIV infected expecting parent transmits HIV to their child either during childbirth or through transmitting HIV to the fetus during pregnancy, given that the parent has not received treatment with the drugs zidovudine or nevirapine, and in the absence of other intervention, according to the preamble of this problem (in concordance with Koblavi-D`eme et al. 2001)?


(2 points)



Homework is Completed By:

Writer Writer Name Amount Client Comments & Rating
Instant Homework Helper

ONLINE

Instant Homework Helper

$36

She helped me in last minute in a very reasonable price. She is a lifesaver, I got A+ grade in my homework, I will surely hire her again for my next assignments, Thumbs Up!

Order & Get This Solution Within 3 Hours in $25/Page

Custom Original Solution And Get A+ Grades

  • 100% Plagiarism Free
  • Proper APA/MLA/Harvard Referencing
  • Delivery in 3 Hours After Placing Order
  • Free Turnitin Report
  • Unlimited Revisions
  • Privacy Guaranteed

Order & Get This Solution Within 6 Hours in $20/Page

Custom Original Solution And Get A+ Grades

  • 100% Plagiarism Free
  • Proper APA/MLA/Harvard Referencing
  • Delivery in 6 Hours After Placing Order
  • Free Turnitin Report
  • Unlimited Revisions
  • Privacy Guaranteed

Order & Get This Solution Within 12 Hours in $15/Page

Custom Original Solution And Get A+ Grades

  • 100% Plagiarism Free
  • Proper APA/MLA/Harvard Referencing
  • Delivery in 12 Hours After Placing Order
  • Free Turnitin Report
  • Unlimited Revisions
  • Privacy Guaranteed

6 writers have sent their proposals to do this homework:

Top Grade Essay
Instant Assignments
Financial Hub
Top Writing Guru
Online Assignment Help
Essay Writing Help
Writer Writer Name Offer Chat
Top Grade Essay

ONLINE

Top Grade Essay

Working on this platform from a couple of time with exposure of dynamic writing skills gathered with years experience on different other websites.

$232 Chat With Writer
Instant Assignments

ONLINE

Instant Assignments

Good day dear client, I am a full-time freelance writer with years of experience. My strongest strengths are strong dedication to duty, reliability, quality and excellence. I am going to do an outstanding job for you, kindly PM me and let us commence. Thank you so much in anticipation of your positive response. Thank you very much.

$225 Chat With Writer
Financial Hub

ONLINE

Financial Hub

Hey, I have gone through your job posting and become very much interested in working with you.I can deliver professional content as per your requirements. I am a multi-skilled person with sound proficiency in the English language for being a native writer who worked on several similar projects of content writing and can deliver quality content to tight deadlines. I am available for both online and offline writing jobs with the promise of offering an incredibly responsive and supreme level of customer service. Thanks!

$225 Chat With Writer
Top Writing Guru

ONLINE

Top Writing Guru

I am an Academic writer with 10 years of experience. As an Academic writer, my aim is to generate unique content without Plagiarism as per the client’s requirements.

$230 Chat With Writer
Online Assignment Help

ONLINE

Online Assignment Help

Hi dear, I am ready to do your homework in a reasonable price.

$225 Chat With Writer
Essay Writing Help

ONLINE

Essay Writing Help

I am a qualified and experienced Writer, Researcher, Tutor, analyst and Consultant. I hold MBA (Strategic Management) (Finance and Marketing) & CPA.K (Accounting and Finance.)

$232 Chat With Writer

Let our expert academic writers to help you in achieving a+ grades in your homework, assignment, quiz or exam.

Similar Homework Questions

Celta written assignment 1 - Assignment 7 - World history - Impact of Cultrual Values on Consumer Behavior - Amdro cockroach gel label - Country straddling the equator nyt crossword - English - Korumburra community notice board - Negative numbers magic squares - Walmart swot analysis pdf 2018 - Xbrl format of balance sheet download - How would you describe evelyn gustafson's leadership style - Gth sedgemoor market reports - How to write a speech outline example - What is life seeing tourism - Eight theories of religion pals pdf - The violence viewing effect - Mtv indies that's how we roll songs list - Discussion-2 - When a light is shone into the pupil - Clinical Field Experience A: Data Informed Lesson Planning - Metarteriole and thoroughfare channel - Hello! Can you tell me a website to download videos from tiktoks? - Sandtoft profile ridge system - DB Board - Educational program and practice - 777 pinoy auto sales - Captain beatty character traits - Coca cola brand ambassador program - Cmit 495 cloud computing assignment - Pizza hut social media - Chemistry for the gifted and talented answers - Need 500+ words with no plagiarism in APA 7 Format - Beale v taylor 1967 - Dabbat al ard in quran - Book a council clean up liverpool - Against school john taylor gatto rhetorical analysis - Macbeth act 4 questions - Henry cavendish term dates - The examination of sarah good - Canadian credit unions by size - Chick fil a swot analysis - Https www youtube com watch v 4voubvb4ctu - Seasons come to pass page 232 - Intro letter - Lu factorization with partial pivoting - Cubic inches per gallon of gasoline - Animal cell drawing with labels - Dolch and fry sight words - The jackson timberlake wardrobe co - Haltech platinum sport 1000 price - Vaping REVIEW literature - X ray interaction with matter - English - Johnny rockabilly has just finished recording - Caso study 3 &4 - Taussig technologies corporation has been - Vce english as an additional language - Real insight marketplace - Ionic species are most soluble in - How to reference cipd profession map - Essay #2: Ethics Lit. - Usq associate degree electrical engineering handbook - Royal easter show ride tickets - Casella wines pty limited - 2 coments each one 150 words (CITATION AND REFERENCE) - Thread 1&2 (NO PLAG) 180 words each - Does macbeth kill banquo - Which of the following is an example of commoditylike merchandise? - Case description - Perri klass learning the language - Dietary fats and blood cholesterol levels worksheet answers - How to find area of z score on ti 83 - Is greg norman married - Introductory statistics homework answers - As the twig is bent the tree's inclined meaning - Nortel accounting scandal - Social work assessment - Flood prevention methods gcse - Second order active low pass filter transfer function - Discussion week 2 - Weir in fluid mechanics - How do you use a beaker - Emeraid carnivore feeding guide - For this assignment, you will read the article posted on eConestoga - Graphic novel middle east - Reckless genius by galway kinnell summary - Data Mining Best Practices Assignment - Ap statistics section 4.1 exercises answers - Explain the relationship between research and social change - 40/204 victoria street potts point - Qual 6 - 850 -1000 word essay and 150 word paragraph - Locate a bad news message somewhere on the internet - Birdsong by chimamanda ngozi adichie characters - Cuso4 5h2o percent composition - 3 examples of assonance - Dehumanisation quotes in night - Question paper wikipedia - Cultural Diversity