Loading...

Messages

Proposals

Stuck in your homework and missing deadline? Get urgent help in $10/Page with 24 hours deadline

Get Urgent Writing Help In Your Essays, Assignments, Homeworks, Dissertation, Thesis Or Coursework & Achieve A+ Grades.

Privacy Guaranteed - 100% Plagiarism Free Writing - Free Turnitin Report - Professional And Experienced Writers - 24/7 Online Support

Statistics for people who think they hate statistics 6th edition

06/12/2021 Client: muhammad11 Deadline: 2 Day

Chapter 2     Means to an End: Computing and

Understanding Averages

What You Will Learn in Chapter 2  Understanding measures of central tendency

 Computing the mean for a set of scores

 Computing the median for a set of scores

 Computing the mode for a set of scores

 Understanding and applying scales or levels of measurement

 Selecting a measure of central tendency

Salkind, Statistics for People Who (Think They) Hate Statistics Excel 2016 6th Edition, SAGE Inc. © 2017

Measures of Central Tendency

 The AVERAGE is one value that best represents a set of scores

 Another name for AVERAGES is measures of central tendency

 Examples include the mean, median, and mode

Salkind, Statistics for People Who (Think They) Hate Statistics Excel 2016 6th Edition, SAGE Inc. © 2017

Computing the Mean

 is the mean value of the group of scores.

 Σ (sigma) tells you to add together whatever follows it.

 X is each individual score in the group.

 The n is the sample size.

Salkind, Statistics for People Who (Think They) Hate Statistics Excel 2016 6th Edition, SAGE Inc. © 2017

Steps to Computing the Mean

1. List the entire set of values in one or more columns. These are all the Xs.

2. Compute the sum or total of all of the values.

3. Divide the total or sum by the number of values.

Salkind, Statistics for People Who (Think They) Hate Statistics Excel 2016 6th Edition, SAGE Inc. © 2017

Things to Remember . . .  The mean is sometimes represented by the letter M.

 n = sample size N = population size

 Sample mean is the measure of central tendency that best represents the population mean.

 It is also called the arithmetic mean.

 Mean is like the fulcrum on a seesaw.

 Mean is VERY sensitive to extreme scores that can skew or distort findings.

Salkind, Statistics for People Who (Think They) Hate Statistics Excel 2016 6th Edition, SAGE Inc. © 2017

Weighted Mean  Step 1: List all values for which the mean is being

calculated. (List them only once.)

 Step 2: List the frequency with which each value occurs.

 Step 3: Multiply the value by the frequency, as shown in the third column.

 Step 4: Sum all of the values in the Value Frequency column.

 Step 5: Divide by the total frequency.

Salkind, Statistics for People Who (Think They) Hate Statistics Excel 2016 6th Edition, SAGE Inc. © 2017

Median

 The median is defined as the midpoint in a set of scores.

 It’s the point at which one half, or 50%, of the scores fall above, and one half, or 50%, fall below.

Salkind, Statistics for People Who (Think They) Hate Statistics Excel 2016 6th Edition, SAGE Inc. © 2017

Steps to Finding the Median

1) List the values, in order, either from highest to lowest or lowest to highest.

2) Find the middlemost score. That’s the median.

Salkind, Statistics for People Who (Think They) Hate Statistics Excel 2016 6th Edition, SAGE Inc. © 2017

BUT . . .

 What if there are two middle scores?

 The median is simply the mean of the two middle values.

Salkind, Statistics for People Who (Think They) Hate Statistics Excel 2016 6th Edition, SAGE Inc. © 2017

A Little About Percentiles . . .  Percentile ranks are used to define the

percentage of cases equal to and below a certain point on a distribution.

 75th percentile means that the score received is at or above 75% of all other scores in the distribution.

 Median is always at the 50th percentile.

Salkind, Statistics for People Who (Think They) Hate Statistics Excel 2016 6th Edition, SAGE Inc. © 2017

Critical Thinking  Why use the median instead of the mean?

Salkind, Statistics for People Who (Think They) Hate Statistics Excel 2016 6th Edition, SAGE Inc. © 2017

Things to Remember  The mean is the middle point in a set of

values, whereas the median is the middle point in a set of cases.

 Because the median cares about the number of cases, extreme scores (i.e., outliers) do not impact it.

Salkind, Statistics for People Who (Think They) Hate Statistics Excel 2016 6th Edition, SAGE Inc. © 2017

Computing the Mode

 Mode = most frequently occurring value

 This is the least precise measure of central tendency.

 When two values occur the same number of times, there is bimodal distribution.

Salkind, Statistics for People Who (Think They) Hate Statistics Excel 2016 6th Edition, SAGE Inc. © 2017

Steps to Finding Mode

 List all values in the distribution, but list each value only once.

 Tally the number of times each value occurs.

 The value occurring the most is the mode.

Salkind, Statistics for People Who (Think They) Hate Statistics Excel 2016 6th Edition, SAGE Inc. © 2017

Example of Finding Mode Party Affiliation Number or Frequency Democrats 90 Republicans 70 Independents 140

Salkind, Statistics for People Who (Think They) Hate Statistics Excel 2016 6th Edition, SAGE Inc. © 2017

Multimodal  Bimodal = Distribution with two modes

 Trimodal = Distribution with three modes

 Trimodal distributions are unlikely when dealing with a large set of data points, but they are possible.

Salkind, Statistics for People Who (Think They) Hate Statistics Excel 2016 6th Edition, SAGE Inc. © 2017

Scales of Measurement  Level of measurement dictates what specific

measure of central tendency you will use.

 Measurement is the assignment of values to outcomes following a set of rules.

 Each of the four levels has a particular set of characteristics.

Salkind, Statistics for People Who (Think They) Hate Statistics Excel 2016 6th Edition, SAGE Inc. © 2017

Four Flavors of Scales of Measurement  Nominal  Ordinal  Interval  Ratio

Salkind, Statistics for People Who (Think They) Hate Statistics Excel 2016 6th Edition, SAGE Inc. © 2017

Nominal Level of Measurement  Defined by the characteristics of an outcome

that fit into one and only one class or category

 These are mutually exclusive.  Examples include gender and political

affiliation.

Salkind, Statistics for People Who (Think They) Hate Statistics Excel 2016 6th Edition, SAGE Inc. © 2017

Ordinal Level of Measurement  The characteristic of things being measured

here is that they are ordered.  Example: Ranking candidates for a job

Salkind, Statistics for People Who (Think They) Hate Statistics Excel 2016 6th Edition, SAGE Inc. © 2017

Interval Level of Measurement  Based on some underlying continuum, such

that we can talk about how much more a higher performance is than a lesser one

 The intervals, spaces, or points along the scale are equal to one another.

Salkind, Statistics for People Who (Think They) Hate Statistics Excel 2016 6th Edition, SAGE Inc. © 2017

Ratio Level of Measurement  An assessment tool at the ratio level of

measurement is characterized by the presence of an absolute zero on the scale.

 Examples: Zero molecular movement and zero light

Salkind, Statistics for People Who (Think They) Hate Statistics Excel 2016 6th Edition, SAGE Inc. © 2017

When to Use What . . .  Use mode when the data are qualitative,

categorical, or nominal (e.g., eye color or political party) and values can only fit into one category (i.e., mutually exclusive).

 Use median when you have extreme scores.

 Use mean when the data do not include extreme scores (i.e., outliers) and are not qualitative, categorical, or nominal.

Salkind, Statistics for People Who (Think They) Hate Statistics Excel 2016 6th Edition, SAGE Inc. © 2017

Using the Computer: Descriptive Statistics

Salkind, Statistics for People Who (Think They) Hate Statistics Excel 2016 6th Edition, SAGE Inc. © 2017

The SPSS Output

Salkind, Statistics for People Who (Think They) Hate Statistics Excel 2016 6th Edition, SAGE Inc. © 2017

Chapter 2     �Means to an End:�Computing and Understanding Averages�
What You Will Learn in Chapter 2
Measures of Central Tendency
Computing the Mean
Steps to Computing the Mean
Things to Remember . . .
Weighted Mean
Median
Steps to Finding the Median
BUT . . .
A Little About Percentiles . . .
Critical Thinking
Things to Remember
Computing the Mode
Steps to Finding Mode
Example of Finding Mode
Multimodal
Scales of Measurement
Four Flavors of Scales of Measurement
Nominal Level of Measurement
Ordinal Level of Measurement
Interval Level of Measurement
Ratio Level of Measurement
When to Use What . . .
Using the Computer: Descriptive Statistics
The SPSS Output

Homework is Completed By:

Writer Writer Name Amount Client Comments & Rating
Instant Homework Helper

ONLINE

Instant Homework Helper

$36

She helped me in last minute in a very reasonable price. She is a lifesaver, I got A+ grade in my homework, I will surely hire her again for my next assignments, Thumbs Up!

Order & Get This Solution Within 3 Hours in $25/Page

Custom Original Solution And Get A+ Grades

  • 100% Plagiarism Free
  • Proper APA/MLA/Harvard Referencing
  • Delivery in 3 Hours After Placing Order
  • Free Turnitin Report
  • Unlimited Revisions
  • Privacy Guaranteed

Order & Get This Solution Within 6 Hours in $20/Page

Custom Original Solution And Get A+ Grades

  • 100% Plagiarism Free
  • Proper APA/MLA/Harvard Referencing
  • Delivery in 6 Hours After Placing Order
  • Free Turnitin Report
  • Unlimited Revisions
  • Privacy Guaranteed

Order & Get This Solution Within 12 Hours in $15/Page

Custom Original Solution And Get A+ Grades

  • 100% Plagiarism Free
  • Proper APA/MLA/Harvard Referencing
  • Delivery in 12 Hours After Placing Order
  • Free Turnitin Report
  • Unlimited Revisions
  • Privacy Guaranteed

6 writers have sent their proposals to do this homework:

Assignments Hut
Coursework Help Online
Pro Writer
Instant Assignment Writer
Buy Coursework Help
Accounting Homework Help
Writer Writer Name Offer Chat
Assignments Hut

ONLINE

Assignments Hut

I have read your project description carefully and you will get plagiarism free writing according to your requirements. Thank You

$35 Chat With Writer
Coursework Help Online

ONLINE

Coursework Help Online

I have read your project description carefully and you will get plagiarism free writing according to your requirements. Thank You

$15 Chat With Writer
Pro Writer

ONLINE

Pro Writer

I will be delighted to work on your project. As an experienced writer, I can provide you top quality, well researched, concise and error-free work within your provided deadline at very reasonable prices.

$31 Chat With Writer
Instant Assignment Writer

ONLINE

Instant Assignment Writer

I find your project quite stimulating and related to my profession. I can surely contribute you with your project.

$39 Chat With Writer
Buy Coursework Help

ONLINE

Buy Coursework Help

I will be delighted to work on your project. As an experienced writer, I can provide you top quality, well researched, concise and error-free work within your provided deadline at very reasonable prices.

$21 Chat With Writer
Accounting Homework Help

ONLINE

Accounting Homework Help

I am an experienced researcher here with master education. After reading your posting, I feel, you need an expert research writer to complete your project.Thank You

$34 Chat With Writer

Let our expert academic writers to help you in achieving a+ grades in your homework, assignment, quiz or exam.

Similar Homework Questions

How to write a thesis for a visual analysis paper - Human resource - Dis-4 - Freedom rides australia newspaper articles - Windows server 2012 foundation rok - Health Policy and Law - Aj macken & co - Difference between diabetes mellitus and diabetes insipidus class 10 - Broken hill court listings - Jim smith's dealership sells fords hondas and toyotas - Dirks v.sec - It is common to progressively elaborate the network diagram - Hi tech healthcare athens ga - Class 4 composite restoration - Oodles of poodles rescue - Drag the labels onto the diagram to identify the parts of a knee-jerk reflex. - Internship Assignment - Global marketing pearson 9th edition pdf - Screwtape letters chapter 8 - Computer ethics worksheet answers - Revel the african american odyssey combined volume 7e - Ws c3850 12xs eol - Legal Ethical - Blackheath and bromley harriers - Top down versus bottom up budgeting - Bee r wiring diagram - To make your case start with a picot question - Ballina fox street preschool - Lección 5 lesson test answers - HRM671 LEARNING THEORIES AND TECHNOLOGY - Bill gates and his leadership style - Effective training systems strategies and practices 5th edition pdf - Writing economic Essay - Discussion Board Chapter 11 - Factoring completely worksheet kuta - Keithrn - Machine shop industry statistics - Lam vam ram yam linga bhairavi - Acts chapter 7 questions and answers - Confined space training canberra - Please see attachment - The trading securities owned by a company are - Truss zero force members examples - Load cell application guide - Lyrics 8 mile eminem - Industrial technology graphics major project - Junot diaz how to date a browngirl analysis - Gattaca biology questions and answers - Ben folds emma sandall - Starsound orchestra here comes the bride - Mary and kay inc a distributor of cosmetics throughout florida - Need Solution - John kotter the heart of change - What type of sentence states, summarizes, or forecasts the main point of the paragraph? - Wk 5, HCS 335: Public Health and Social Responsibility - What does oedipus accuse creon of doing - Ndis access request forms - Electron configuration quiz answer key - Nellie gomez 39 clues - Ccsf tutoring schedule - Quindlen anna a quilt of a country - 10 page essay compare and contrast Missouri and us constitution - Valve and injection timing for a diesel engine - St luke's innovative resources - Learning to write by russell baker - White blood cell count 14.8 - A survey conducted by the american automobile association - Btn bushfires and wildlife - St kenneths primary school - Doris is coming zz packer - Meritor savings bank v vinson quizlet - Concept synthesis paper on personal nursing philosophy - Independent project 3 4 - Gen 103 week 2 assignment - Informative speech outline on makeup - Pacific cataract and laser institute case study - What does ima stand for in accounting - The problem of social order - Families from the past - The last dance despelder pdf - Steps to light a bunsen burner - Bus 308 week 1 quiz - St george term deposit interest rates - Ebonite optyx skull bowling ball - Discussion - Jsp 800 vol 5 - Jenny eather persuasive writing - Discuss - Patient teaching plan for nursing students - Michael moore norway prison - Asus p6x58 e pro manual - MBA - Main - Activity 6 - Angle of impact formula - Bacon's four idols examples - Compare and contrast beowulf and grendel essay - Zinc reacts with hydrochloric acid - Man 1111 week 6 - Nutrition care plan - M8 Essay 2 - Hkey_current_user software the silicon realms toolworks