Studying sn1 and sn2 reactions nucleophilic substitution lab report

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please use professional drawing software to show reactions and mechanisms. MarvinSketch has a free option you can download for Mac or Windows. Drawings can be exported as picture files and copied into Microsoft Word or other programs. You just need to create an account on their website first.CHEM 2720 Lab #6 Nucleophilic Substitution Reactions: SN1 and SN2 Introduction Nucleophilic substitution reactions are very common and versatile organic chemistry reactions. In this lab you will compare several factors that will influence how well each mechanism works. Substrate The substrate may contain a primary (1˚), secondary (2˚), or tertiary (3˚) leaving group. Because SN1 reactions work by forming a carbocation intermediate, the substrate must be secondary (2˚) or tertiary (3˚) in order for the intermediate to be stable. As SN2 reactions work by direct backside attack by a nucleophile, steric hinderance must be considered and only primary (1˚) and secondary (2˚) substrates work well. Leaving Group For both SN1 and SN2 reactions, the leaving group need to be stable on its own ofter leaving the molecule. There may be a noticeable difference between the reaction rate when the leaving group is Cl versus Br. Nucleophile Both reactions are favored by a good nucleophile, but the nucleophile is more important in the SN2 reaction. In SN2 the nucleophile needs to attack the carbon directly, where in SN1 the carbocation is a very easy target and a weak nucleophile will work. Solvent Protic solvents are those with the ability to form hydrogen bonds, while aprotic solvents do not have this ability. Protic solvents are important in SN1 reactions as they help separate and stabilize the carbocation and leaving group. Protic solvents act to block the path from nucleophile to substrate in SN2 reactions, so aprotic solvents work best in those cases. Pre-Lab Preparation 1. In your lab notebook, prepare a list of all chemicals with which you will be working. a) List any and all hazards associated with each chemical. b) List all relevant physical constants for each chemical. c) List any other precautions for this lab. 2. In your lab notebook, make a detailed list of all waste that will be generated in this lab and how to dispose of it. 6-1 CHEM 2720 Lab #6 Pre-Lab Questions 1. What is the nucleophile in the reactions using AgNO3 in ethanol? 2. What is the nucleophile in the reactions using NaI in acetone? 3. Draw one (1) mechanism from each part of the experiment.