Question Description
please make PP slides on the background you've done earlier.
i've attached the background info. in a Word file, also the pp outlines for the background.
thx
2 Background Human-powered vehicles have varying shapes, designs, sizes, and scope. Still, they are all built on a similar foundation: they are built to use the power efficiently from humans to provide a dependable and safe form of movement. For centuries, before civilization, transportation was mainly through physical human power manipulation, both for a short distance and long-distance transportation. However, through advancements in knowledge and practice, people have managed to find better ways of channeling that power in the most efficient ways. Bicycles and tricycles are some of how humans have attempted to advance their transportation models. However, they have several drawbacks that have got engineers working around the clock to improve their efficiency through means such as redesigning. 2.1.The History of Bicycles and Tricycles The history of bicycles is filled with blurred assertions and uncertainties, especially regarding the initial inventions on what would be called a bicycle or tricycle today. It is because of these uncertainties that an annual Bicycle History meeting is held to elucidate the arguable details. Stephan Farffler, a German disabled man, developed a three-wheeled hand-driven wheelchair. Two French investors developed a three-wheeled vehicle, pedal-propelled, and named it a tricycle. However, the first known and verifiable bicycle was the 1818 dandy horse or "running machine" invented by Karl von Drais (Hadland. & Lessing). It was a contraption that sourced its power from the rider, who would push himself along with the body on the ground. The lack of brakes, steering, pedals, and the mechanical efforts associated with getting it moving made it both dangerous and challenging to maneuver. For more stability, history has it that, was developed in 1850 (Herlihy). In 1860, Ernest Michaux and Pierre Lallement invented the 1 velocipede, the first real bicycle, which was comprised of a crank by 1861. Later developments, such as John Kemp Starley’s 1885 inventions, comprised of two same-sized wheels and the rear wheel connected to and propelled by a chain (Kooijman); followed to include brakes, better pedals, and steering for comfort, stability, and speed. Currently, two primary types of reclining bicycles exist: tadpole trikes and delta trikes. The two share some features- such as the fact that they are both tricycles- but vary in most of them. Delta trikes have a single front wheel and a double rear wheel. The other has two front wheels and one rear wheel. Regardless, these features differentiate them from each other, making one more remarkable than the other in one way or the other. For instance, for people who prefer trikes to quickly get on and off, delta trikes are the best. It has a single wheel in front and has a raised center of gravity, making it easy to get in and out while being relatively unstable compared to the tadpole. It has a front wheel that can turn up to 90 degrees within the wheel's radius, making it suitable for easy maneuvering. (Stefanovich, 2020) Figure 2.1 Hase Bikes Kettwiesel 2 On the other hand, tadpole trikes are best for stability and speed. They have a lower center of gravity, which makes them preferable for strength and steadiness. Besides, the two front wheels give it an advantage for speed, making it qualify as the best where fastness is preferred over maneuverability. However, this bike is far difficult to get in and out than the delta trike, and making smooth corners can also be a challenge when riding along a steep meandering road (Stefanovich, 2020). Windcheetah by Advanced Vehicle Design is the initially designed and commonly known tadpole trike. See Figure 2.1 below for a partly did example of their Club Sport model. The model is made from cast aluminum parts, that are then attached to an aluminum tubular frame” (Fundamentals). Figure 2.1 Windcheetah Pole In 2019 HPVC, a 10-person team from West Virginia University deliberated and created a tadpole HPV that emerged at the eleventh position against multiple contenders from across the globe. . The tadpole trike managed a 2.5 endurance race. It could be effective in activities such as picking groceries and traveling to short-distance work or school. (Wayne) 3 The University of Central Florida explains in their Tadpole design report why they chose their specific design to meet their mission requirements of designing an HPV that is lightweight, aerodynamic, safe, comfortable, and enjoyable to ride in the East Coast Human Powered Vehicle Challenge. (Smith) There are many reasons why people choose tricycles, but stability is the most crucial feature. A tricycle offers stability and comfort during (long) bike rides compared to a regular bike with side wheels. This is partly because the design of a tricycle is different from a regular bike with two wheels. A traditional bike with two wheels is not initially built for side wheels, and because of this, the cycling on a two-wheeled bicycle with side wheels can feel unstable, partly because the center of gravity on a traditional two-wheeler is higher." [5]. Balance is another advantage that tricycles provide. Falling off from a tricycle is not a common act, given the stability they have. Tricycles have a reduced center of gravity that makes them steady compared to bicycles. Additionally, all the wheels are nearer to the ground, even for adults’