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STUDY GUIDE FOR 17THCENTURY POETRY TEST#2—KEYI.LITERARY TERMSMetaphysical poetry(435): intellectual, clever; other-worldly, as in the after-life Conceit(435):an extended comparison/metaphorParadox(435): a comparison that seemingly contradicts itself but reveals a deeper truthCarpe Diem(459): ‘seize the day’; often used to urge women to give up virginityPetrarchan Sonnet(473): The octave reveals a problem, and the sestet reveals the response to the problem.II.AUTHORS STUDIEDJohn Donne (434): Metaphysical poet, Dean of St. Paul’s Cathedral, Church of EnglandAndrew Marvell (458): Carpe Diem poet, PuritanJohn Milton (472): one of the 3 great English poets, Puritan, Paradise Lost, blindIII.WORKS STUDIED“Holy Sonnet 10”: Death be not proud (441 & Handout): personification, that Death had killed so many; critical of deathslave to fate, kings chance; death is like sleep; paradoxDeath, thou shalt die. Tone? triumphant“Holy Sonnet 14”: Batter my heart three-personed God (Handout)asks God to violently break him down b/c he won’t change, transform; simile of usurpedtown, engaged to God’s enemy; break it; paradox: unless you ravish I’ll never be chaste; paradox last two lines. Tone? ironic“To the Virgins to Make Much of Time” (463): rosebuds,sun, spring; passion when they’re young, so they need to experience lovewhile they’re young.Tone? Light-hearted“Song” (465): guy talking to a guy friend: look good, talk cleverly,not working;Let the devil take her.Tone? Humorous at end
“To HisCoy Mistress” (461-462 & Handout):If we had endless time and space, I could devote ages of time to romance you, but we don’t. We will age and die and end up in tombs with worms, and how honorable will your virginity be then in the dust? Let us be like amorous birds of play and sport while we are young. Our love will be so strong, we’ll make time slow down.oFamous Quote:“and at my back Time’s winged chariot flies”Tone? threatening“Sonnet VII/7”: How soon hath Time”(475):Time flies like a bird. I’m 23 already even though I don’t look fully mature. But on the inside, I am ripe, fully mature. I am ready to fulfill all the tasks of a man and a servant to God, the great Taskmaster.Tone? determined“Sonnet XIX/19” When I consider how my light isspent”: I’ve spent my life doing God’s work: writing poetry and pamphlets to the glory of his name, but now I’m blind, and it’s hard for me to do my work. Does God expect me to write in his name if I can no longer see? Personified Patience answers me: God expects all to bear whatever mild yoke is sent to them without complaint.Tone? Instructional, acceptingIV.SHORT ESSAY QUESTION: In what ways can John Donne’s poem, “HolySonnet 14: Batter my heart”be considered to be metaphysical?Topic Sentence: There are a number of ways that John Donne’s poem, “Holy Sonnet 14,” can be considered metaphysical.Definition Sentence: Metaphysical poetry is characterized by its intellectual wit and focus on other-worldly topics.Example & Explanation #1: One way the sonnet is intellectually clever is through the use of the conceit of the speaker as a “usurped town.” Medieval towns had huge gates that had to be battered repeatedly in order to bring down. Theopening line of the poem begins with a command for God to batter his heart, as if the heart is the gate of the town,Transition + Example & Explanation #2: In addition, the poem is clever in its use of paradox in the closing line of the poem: “Except thouravish me, I’ll never be chaste.” The word ravishhas both