The meaning of the combining form orchi/o is

The Language Of Medicine

8th edition

Davi-Ellen Chabner

Chapter 9

Male Reproductive System

Copyright © 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Learning Objectives

Name, locate, and describe the functions of the organs of the male reproductive system.

Define some abnormal conditions and infections that affect the male reproductive system.

Differentiate among several types of sexually transmitted infections.

Learning Objectives (cont’d.)

Define many combining forms used to describe the structures of the this system.

Describe various laboratory tests and clinical procedures that are pertinent to the disorders of the male reproductive system, and recognize related abbreviations.

Apply your new knowledge to understanding medical terms in their contexts, such as medical reports and records.

Chapter 9

Lesson 9.1

Introduction

The male sex cell is called a spermatozoon, or sperm cell.

The sperm cell carries its nuclear hereditary material, or chromosomes, in its head region.

The tail consists of a flagellum, which makes the sperm cell mobile.

What are the parts of a sperm cell and what is the sperm cell’s purpose?

How does sperm navigate?

Introduction (cont’d.)

Only one spermatozoon out of 300 million sperm cells released during ejaculation can fertilize a single female ovum.

If more than one egg is present in the fallopian tubes during ejaculation, multiple fertilizations are possible.

Ask students to describe the process of fertilization.

Introduction (cont’d.)

Twins resulting from the fertilization of separate ova by separate sperm cells are called fraternal twins.

Twins resulting from the fertilization of a single egg by a single sperm are called identical twins.

Fraternal twins. Notice the 6-week-old embryos in two separate amnionic sacs

What is the difference between fraternal and identical twins?

Which twins are a perfect genetic match?

Introduction (cont’d.)

The organs of the male reproductive system are designed to produce and release billions of sperm cells throughout the man’s lifetime.

The hormone called testosterone is responsible for the bodily characteristics of the male (such as beard, pubic hair and deeper voice).

Describe the role of testosterone.

What is the difference between the number of eggs vs. sperm cells?

Anatomy

What are the male gonads called and where are they located?

How does temperature affect the scrotum?

What is the function of the interstitial cells and where are they located?

What are the supportive tissues of the testes?

Answers are on next slide

Anatomy

Testes or testicles

Scrotum

Perineum

Seminiferous tubules

Epididymus

Vas deferens

Seminal vesicles

Ejaculatory duct

Urethra

Prostate Gland

Bulbourethral glands

Penis

Glans penis

Prepuce

Anatomy

Anatomy (cont’d.)

Internal structure of the testis and the epididymis

Anatomy (cont’d.)

Label the passage of sperm from the seminiferous tubules to the outside of the body.

Anatomy (cont’d.)

The passage of sperm from the seminiferous tubules to the outside of the body.

Vocabulary

bulbourethral gland

Cowper gland

ejaculation

ejaculatory duct

epididymis (pl. epididymides)

flagellum

fraternal twins

What is the difference between a bulbourethral gland and the Cowper gland?

Which terms relate to the ejaculatory process?

What type of twin can produce conjoined twins?

What is impotence?

Vocabulary

glans penis

identical twins

Impotence

interstitial cells of the testis

parenchyma

perineum

prepuce (or foreskin)

What is the difference between a bulbourethral gland and the Cowper gland?

Which terms relate to the ejaculatory process?

What type of twin can produce conjoined twins?

What is impotence?

Vocabulary

prostate gland

scrotum

semen

seminal vesicle

seminiferous tubules

spermatozoon (pl. spermatozoa)

What is the difference between a bulbourethral gland and the Cowper gland?

Which terms relate to the ejaculatory process?

What type of twin can produce conjoined twins?

What is impotence?

Vocabulary

sterilization

stroma

testis (pl.: testes)

testosterone

vas deferens)

What is the difference between a bulbourethral gland and the Cowper gland?

Which terms relate to the ejaculatory process?

What type of twin can produce conjoined twins?

What is impotence?

QUICK QUIZ:

1. Which term refers to the fold of skin covering the tip of the penis?

A. Stroma

B. Vas deferens

C. Prepuce

D. Seminal vesicle

CORRECT Answer is C, prepuce.

COMBINING FORMS AND TERMINOLOGY

andr/o male

balan/o glans penis

cry/o cold

crypt/o hidden

epididym/o epididymis

gon/o seed

hydr/o water, fluid

orch/o, orchi/o testis, testicle

Combining Form Meaning

COMBINING FORMS AND TERMINOLOGY

prostat/o prostate gland

semin/i semen, seed

sperm/o spermatozoa, semen

terat/o monster

test/o testis, testicle

varic/o varicose veins

vas/o vessel duct

zo/o animal life

Combining Form Meaning

COMBINING FORMS AND TERMINOLOGY

SUFFIXES

-genesis formation

-one hormone

-pexy fixation, put in place

-stomy new opening

Suffix Meaning

Chapter 9

Lesson 9.2

Pathologic Conditions

How is hydrocele treated?

What are the risks of an undescended testis?

How common is carcinoma of the testes?

What are varicoceles?

What is the treatment for testicular torsion?

Pathologic Conditions

How are carcinoma of the prostate and prostatic hyperplasia diagnosed?

How are they treated?

Pathologic Conditions (cont’d.)

Hypospadias

Surgical repair involves exciding a portion of the prepuce, wrapping it around a catheter, suturing it to the distal part of the urethra, bringing it to the end of the penis.

What are the odds of a male having hypospadias?

How is hypospadias treated?

How is phimosis treated?

Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs)

Common Infections

chlamydial infection

gonorrhea

herpes genitalis

syphilis

What are the symptoms of a chlamydial infection? Gonorrhea? Herpes genitalis? Syphilis?

What types of drugs are given to treat these infections?

Which infections can occur without symptoms?

Laboratory Tests and Clinical Procedures

Laboratory Tests

PSA test

semen analysis

What does the PSA test measure?

What does a semen analysis look for? When might this test be performed?

QUICK QUIZ:

2. What does the PSA test for?

A. Levels of infection

B. Sperm Mobility

C. Sperm Motility

D. Levels of an antigen

CORRECT Answer is D, PSA tests for prostate-specific antigen (PSA) in the blood. Elevated levels of PSA are associated with enlargement of the prostate gland and may be a sign of prostate cancer.

.

Laboratory Tests and Clinical Procedures

Clinical Procedures

transurethral resection of the prostate

What procedure treats prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)? How is it performed?

What is the purpose of a digital rectal exam?

Laboratory Tests and Clinical Procedures

Clinical Procedures

Vasectomy

How does the urologist perform a vasectomy?

Are there any side affects to a vasectomy?

What is reversal of a vasectomy vasovasostomy

QUICK QUIZ:

3. What is the term that means removal of the prostate?

A. orchiectomy

B. prostatecomy

C. vasectomy

D. prostatitis

CORRECT Answer is b

ABBREVIATIONS

BPH benign prostatic hyperplasia

DRE digital rectal examination

GU genitourinary

HSV herpes simplex virus

PID pelvic inflammatory disease

PSA prostate-specific antigen

RPR rapid plasma reagin

ABBREVIATIONS

STI sexually transmitted diseases

TRUS transrectal ultrasound

TUIP transurethral incision of the prostate

TUMT transurethral microwave thermotherapy

TUNA transurethral needle ablation

TURP transurethral resection of the prostate

REVIEW SHEET

andr/o __________

balan/o __________

cry/o __________

crypt/o __________

epididym/o __________

gon/o __________

hydr/o __________

orch/o, orchi/o __________

Combining Form Meaning

ANSWERS ON NEXT SLIDE

REVIEW SHEET

andr/o male

balan/o glans penis

cry/o cold

crypt/o hidden

epididym/o epididymis

gon/o seed

hydr/o water, fluid

orch/o, orchi/o testis, testicle

Combining Form Meaning

REVIEW SHEET

prostat/o __________

semin/i __________

sperm/o __________

terat/o __________

test/o __________

varic/o __________

vas/o __________

zo/o __________

Combining Form Meaning

ANSWERS ON NEXT SLIDE.

REVIEW SHEET

prostat/o prostate gland

semin/i semen, seed

sperm/o spermatozoa, semen

terat/o monster

test/o testis, testicle

varic/o varicose veins

vas/o vessel duct

zo/o animal life

Combining Form Meaning

REVIEW SHEET

SUFFIXES

-genesis __________

-one __________

-pexy __________

-stomy __________

Suffix Meaning

REVIEW SHEET

SUFFIXES

-genesis formation

-one hormone

-pexy fixation, put in place

-stomy new opening

Suffix Meaning

QUICK QUIZ:

4. Which term means “no sperm or semen are produced”?

A. aspermia

B. oligospermia

C. anorchism

D. spermolytic

CORRECT Answer is A, aspermia

What are the parts of a sperm cell and what is the sperm cell’s purpose?

How does sperm navigate?

Ask students to describe the process of fertilization.

What is the difference between fraternal and identical twins?

Which twins are a perfect genetic match?

Describe the role of testosterone.

What is the difference between the number of eggs vs. sperm cells?

What are the male gonads called and where are they located?

How does temperature affect the scrotum?

What is the function of the interstitial cells and where are they located?

What are the supportive tissues of the testes?

Answers are on next slide

What is the difference between a bulbourethral gland and the Cowper gland?

Which terms relate to the ejaculatory process?

What type of twin can produce conjoined twins?

What is impotence?

What is the difference between a bulbourethral gland and the Cowper gland?

Which terms relate to the ejaculatory process?

What type of twin can produce conjoined twins?

What is impotence?

What is the difference between a bulbourethral gland and the Cowper gland?

Which terms relate to the ejaculatory process?

What type of twin can produce conjoined twins?

What is impotence?

What is the difference between a bulbourethral gland and the Cowper gland?

Which terms relate to the ejaculatory process?

What type of twin can produce conjoined twins?

What is impotence?

CORRECT Answer is C, prepuce.

How is hydrocele treated?

What are the risks of an undescended testis?

How common is carcinoma of the testes?

What are varicoceles?

What is the treatment for testicular torsion?

How are carcinoma of the prostate and prostatic hyperplasia diagnosed?

How are they treated?

What are the odds of a male having hypospadias?

How is hypospadias treated?

How is phimosis treated?

What are the symptoms of a chlamydial infection? Gonorrhea? Herpes genitalis? Syphilis?

What types of drugs are given to treat these infections?

Which infections can occur without symptoms?

What does the PSA test measure?

What does a semen analysis look for? When might this test be performed?

CORRECT Answer is D, PSA tests for prostate-specific antigen (PSA) in the blood. Elevated levels of PSA are associated with enlargement of the prostate gland and may be a sign of prostate cancer.

.

What procedure treats prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)? How is it performed?

What is the purpose of a digital rectal exam?

How does the urologist perform a vasectomy?

Are there any side affects to a vasectomy?

What is reversal of a vasectomy vasovasostomy

CORRECT Answer is b

ANSWERS ON NEXT SLIDE

ANSWERS ON NEXT SLIDE.

CORRECT Answer is A, aspermia

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