The ultimate source of an organization's culture is ________.

1) ________ are indicators of a strong organizational culture.
A) High levels of dissension
B) High rates of employee turnover
C) Completely horizontal organizational charts
D) Narrowly defined roles
E) Widely shared values

2) Which of the following is most likely to result from a strong organizational culture?
A) low employee turnover
B) low employee satisfaction
C) low organizational commitment
D) high absenteeism
E) low behavioral control resulting from the climate within the organization

3) A(n) ________ organization is an organization that takes on a life of its own, apart from its founders or members and is valued for itself and not for the goods or services it produces.
A) virtual
B) matrix
C) boundaryless
D) institutionalized
E) centralized

4) Bruce is new at Wayne Corp., but after a week he already knows that the founder of the corporation started the business in his garage with only $4,000 and one client. This information was most likely transmitted to Bruce by way of ________.
A) stories
B) material symbols
C) rituals
D) organizational charts
E) corporate chants

5) The ________ process helps candidates learn about the organization, and if employees perceive a conflict between their values and those of the organization, they can remove themselves from the applicant pool.
A) orientation
B) training
C) performance evaluation
D) selection
E) institutionalization

6) The ultimate source of an organization's culture is ________.
A) its top management
B) its environment
C) the country in which the organization operates
D) its founders
E) the sociocultural backgrounds of its employees
7) Which of the following is most likely to be an initial selection device?
A) technical interview
B) drug test
C) written test
D) background check
E) work-sample test

8) Drug testing is controversial. Which of the following is an argument used against drug testing?
A) The results of drug tests can be faked easily.
B) Drug use is a private matter.
C) Drug tests are costly.
D) Drug tests are generally inaccurate.
E) Drug tests are injurious to a person's health.

9) Your organization is situated in an urban area where many students do not finish high school. You will probably first have to address the skill category termed ________ skills.
A) basic literacy
B) technical
C) interpersonal
D) problem-solving
E) managerial

10) Which of the following is an off-the-job training method?
A) job rotation
B) formal mentoring programs
C) Internet courses
D) job enlargement
E) apprenticeship

11) Researchers now recognize three major types of behavior that constitute performance at work. Which of the following are these three major types of behavior?
A) task performance, productivity, tenure
B) productivity, efficiency, absenteeism
C) task performance, citizenship, counterproductivity
D) citizenship, counterproductivity, personality
E) leadership, knowledge, efficiency

12) Work-life conflicts became noticeable in the 1980s when ________.
A) the rate of inflation started increasing
B) baby boomers' parents began to age
C) men started giving more importance to family time
D) work loads became historically heavier
E) women, with dependent children, started entering the workforce

13) Ozu Tech offers employees 4 unpaid weeks sabbatical, or 3 to 6 partially paid weeks off for family-related reasons. This work-life initiative offered by Ozu Tech is a type of ________.
A) time based strategy
B) information based strategy
C) money-based strategy
D) direct service
E) culture-change strategy

14) Which of the following reactions from employees is preferable as a response to change?
A) silence
B) apathy
C) resignation
D) open discussion
E) increase in the use of sick time

15) Which of the following resistances to change is implicit?
A) strike
B) increased error
C) resignation
D) complaint
E) work slowdown

16) Which of the following is an example of an organizational source of resistance to change?
A) limited focus of change
B) security
C) fear of the unknown
D) selective information processing
E) habit

17) ________ is a collection of change methods that seek to improve organizational effectiveness and employee well-being.
A) Organizational development
B) Organizational polarization
C) Operant conditioning
D) Organizational restructuring
E) Action research

18) Family issues, economic problems, and personality characteristics are examples of the ________ factor of potential stress.
A) social
B) environmental
C) structural
D) psychological
E) personal

19) Excessive smoking, substance abuse, and sleep disorders are all examples of ________ symptoms of stress.
A) personal
B) psychological
C) behavioral
D) physiological
E) pathological

20) Which of the following is an example of an individual source of resistance to change?
A) limited focus of change
B) product orientation
C) fear of the unknown
D) structural inertia
E) employee orientation

21) The degree to which tasks in an organization are subdivided into separate jobs, is called ________.
A) social clustering
B) bureaucracy
C) work specialization
D) centralization
E) departmentalization

22) Span of control is a key element of an organization's structure. Which of the following key questions is addressed by this element?
A) On what basis will jobs be grouped together?
B) To whom do individuals and groups report?
C) To what degree will there be rules and regulations to direct employees and managers?
D) How many individuals can a manager efficiently and effectively direct?
E) To what degree are activities subdivided into separate jobs?

23) Which of the following statements is true regarding a virtual organization?
A) A virtual organization is sometimes called matrix organization.
B) A virtual organization is highly decentralized.
C) A virtual organization is characterized by a high degree of departmentalization.
D) A virtual organization tends to have unclear roles, goals, and responsibilities.
E) A virtual organization lacks flexibility

24) A(n) ________ model is generally synonymous with the bureaucracy in that it has highly standardized processes for work, high formalization, and more managerial hierarchy.
A) mechanistic
B) organic
C) network
D) boundaryless
E) pyramidal

25) Odysseus Corp. is attempting to flatten its organizational hierarchy. It is encouraging the use of cross-hierarchical teams, participative decision-making practices, and the use of 360-degree performance appraisals. Based on this information we can say that Odysseus Corp. is attempting to create a ________ organization.
A) highly centralized
B) virtual
C) boundaryless
D) highly formalized
E) highly departmentalized

Short essay questions - Please answer ALL four questions below:

1. What are the benefits and problems from having a narrow span of control?

2. What is culture and why is it important?

3. Contrast formal and informal training methods.

4. What are the sources of resistance to change? Briefly describe them.