Loading...

Messages

Proposals

Stuck in your homework and missing deadline? Get urgent help in $10/Page with 24 hours deadline

Get Urgent Writing Help In Your Essays, Assignments, Homeworks, Dissertation, Thesis Or Coursework & Achieve A+ Grades.

Privacy Guaranteed - 100% Plagiarism Free Writing - Free Turnitin Report - Professional And Experienced Writers - 24/7 Online Support

Theoretical framework in research example

09/11/2021 Client: muhammad11 Deadline: 2 Day

THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
and
Hypothesis Development

Business Research Methods

MGMT 381

Theory

An interrelated set of statements of relationships whose purpose is to explain or predict
Device for interpreting, criticizing established laws, modifying them, guiding to discovery of new theories/generalizations
Purpose of theory: to a) explain or b) predict of occurrences of certain phenomena and to c) highlight the important concepts and relationships in a problem situation
How are theories generated?

Deductive reasoning (conclusion derives from something known to be true) 1.Identify problem 2.Define purpose

3.Develop research questions 4.Conduct review of literature 5.Develop hypotheses

6. Determine measures

7. Collect data

8. Analyze data

9. Interpret data

How are theories generated?

Science is accomplished by deduction
How are theories generated?

Inductive reasoning (conclusion derives on the basis of observation of phenomena or facts)
We observe cars on a street and note that 10 cars in a raw are white. But this does not mean 11th car will be white
Why does this happen? Develop hypothesis. Test hypothesis.
Where do original ideas come from?

Intensive case study investigation
Rules of thumb
Hypotheses testing
Good Theory

Guides the study
Limits what the study wants to achieve
Suggests the most appropriate research design
Provides a framework for the study
Theoretical Framework

A conceptual framework of how a researcher theorizes the relationships among different phenomena and explains these phenomena and why they are associated with each other
Identifies several factors and variables that are important to the problem at hand
Theoretical Framework

It is a logically developed, described and elaborated network of associations among variables identified through interviews, observations and literature review
Theoretical Framework

Identifies the relationships among the variables considered important to the study of a problem
Explains the theory underlying these relationships, describes the nature and direction of these relationships
Foundation of the entire research project
The process of building theoretical framework

Introducing definitions of the concepts examined or variables
Developing a conceptual model that provides a descriptive representation of the theory developed
Introducing a theory that provides an explanation of relationships between the variables in the model
Components of the Theoretical Framework

Variables relevant to the study
Relationships among variables
Nature and direction of the relationship based on previous research. Positive ? Negative?
Explanation of why we would expect these relationships to exist
A schematic diagram of the theoretical framework to visualize the theorized relationships (visual model)
Main types of variables

A variable is anything that can take on differing or varying values
Dependent (criterion) (DV)
Independent (predictor) (IV)
Moderating or explanatory - has a strong influence on the IV-DV relationship, modifies this relationship
Intervening or mediating- temporarily influences the DV and IV relationship
Extraneous
The relationships between independent and dependent variables

Cultural Values

Number of Books

Behavior

Reading Ability

IV

DV

IV

DV

The relationships between IV, DV and moderating variables

Number of Books

Reading Ability

IV

DV

Parents’ Literacy

Moderating variable

The relationships between IV, DV and moderating variables

Quality of

Products

Purchases

IV

DV

Consumers’ Needs

Moderating variable

The relationships between IV, DV, intervening and moderating variables

Quality of

Products

Purchases

IV

DV

Consumers’ Needs

Moderating variable

WEATHER

Intervening variable

Model

Formalized (visual) representation of a theoretical framework
Designed through the use of symbols or physical analogues
Represents theory so that theory can be tested, examined and analyzed
Simplified versions of phenomena under study
Example of a Model

Price Setting

Cost

Competitor’s price

Target profit

Target market

DV

IV

IV

IV

IV

Example of a Model

DV

IV

IV

IV

IV

Student Performance

Instructor

Student Effort

Study

Time

Student Abilities

Technology

MV

IVs

Propositions and Hypotheses

Statements about concepts which may be judged as true or false if it refers to observable phenomena
When a proposition is formulated for empirical testing it is called a hypothesis
A concrete statement of an abstract relationship described in a theory (e.g. sales and economic hardship are related)
Relational (relationships between two or more variables)
Explanatory or causal (one concept explains or causes the other one)
Hypotheses

Guide the direction of the study
Limit what we study
Suggest the most appropriate research design
Provide a framework to organize the conclusions
Play an important role in the development of theory
Can be developed from the theoretical framework
Definition of Hypothesis

A hypothesis is an educated guess about a problem’s solution
Example: If the pilots are given adequate training to handle a plane, air safety violations will be reduced
Directional Hypotheses

If in stating the relationships between two variables or comparing two groups terms, such as ‘positive’, ‘negative’, ‘more than’, ‘less than’ and ‘the like’ are used then these hypotheses are directional.
Examples:
Employees who are more healthy take sick leave less frequently
The greater the stress on the job, the lower the job satisfaction
Non-directional Hypotheses

If there is no indication of the direction of the relationships or differences then these hypotheses are non-directional
Examples: There is a relationships between age and job satisfaction. There is a difference between the work ethic values of American and Asian employees.
Null Hypothesis

Null Hypothesis (Ho)–the statement expressed as no (significant) relationships between the 2 variables or no (significant) differences between 2 groups exist
Null hypothesis is set up to be rejected in order to support an alternative hypothesis
Alternative Hypothesis

Alternative Hypothesis (H1) –is the opposite of the null: statement expressing a relationship between 2 variables or indicating differences between 2 groups
Ho is rejected if the results do not meet the p<0.05 level of significance
Examples of Hypotheses

Null Hypothesis: There is no relationship between stress experienced on the job and the job satisfaction of employees.
Alternative Hypothesis: There is a relationships between stress experienced on the job and the job satisfaction of employees.
Why do we develop hypotheses?

Suggest variables to be included in the research design
Provide possible answers to the research questions
Allow researchers to speculate about possible research question answers
Example: Housing sales decrease because the level of competition is extremely high
Imply problem (decreased housing sales)
How to develop hypotheses?

Depends on information available:
1) Information from previous research
2) Information from economics, marketing, social, psychological impacts of pricing on…, etc.
3) Manager’s experience with a problem
When developing hypotheses

Need to look at three elements: a) Research question(s) b) Hypothesis c) Boundaries of study
Example: Research question: “Will our TV ad attract clients? Hypothesis: “Yes, it will attract”
Example: Boundaries limit the research process, e g. research is limited to only female and male, a specific geographical region, a certain product.
Boundaries depend on the research purpose and influence the value of the answer.

Homework is Completed By:

Writer Writer Name Amount Client Comments & Rating
Instant Homework Helper

ONLINE

Instant Homework Helper

$36

She helped me in last minute in a very reasonable price. She is a lifesaver, I got A+ grade in my homework, I will surely hire her again for my next assignments, Thumbs Up!

Order & Get This Solution Within 3 Hours in $25/Page

Custom Original Solution And Get A+ Grades

  • 100% Plagiarism Free
  • Proper APA/MLA/Harvard Referencing
  • Delivery in 3 Hours After Placing Order
  • Free Turnitin Report
  • Unlimited Revisions
  • Privacy Guaranteed

Order & Get This Solution Within 6 Hours in $20/Page

Custom Original Solution And Get A+ Grades

  • 100% Plagiarism Free
  • Proper APA/MLA/Harvard Referencing
  • Delivery in 6 Hours After Placing Order
  • Free Turnitin Report
  • Unlimited Revisions
  • Privacy Guaranteed

Order & Get This Solution Within 12 Hours in $15/Page

Custom Original Solution And Get A+ Grades

  • 100% Plagiarism Free
  • Proper APA/MLA/Harvard Referencing
  • Delivery in 12 Hours After Placing Order
  • Free Turnitin Report
  • Unlimited Revisions
  • Privacy Guaranteed

6 writers have sent their proposals to do this homework:

Pro Writer
Smart Accountants
Smart Tutor
Financial Hub
Chartered Accountant
Accounting Homework Help
Writer Writer Name Offer Chat
Pro Writer

ONLINE

Pro Writer

I find your project quite stimulating and related to my profession. I can surely contribute you with your project.

$24 Chat With Writer
Smart Accountants

ONLINE

Smart Accountants

I have done dissertations, thesis, reports related to these topics, and I cover all the CHAPTERS accordingly and provide proper updates on the project.

$29 Chat With Writer
Smart Tutor

ONLINE

Smart Tutor

I am an experienced researcher here with master education. After reading your posting, I feel, you need an expert research writer to complete your project.Thank You

$22 Chat With Writer
Financial Hub

ONLINE

Financial Hub

I can assist you in plagiarism free writing as I have already done several related projects of writing. I have a master qualification with 5 years’ experience in; Essay Writing, Case Study Writing, Report Writing.

$39 Chat With Writer
Chartered Accountant

ONLINE

Chartered Accountant

I am a PhD writer with 10 years of experience. I will be delivering high-quality, plagiarism-free work to you in the minimum amount of time. Waiting for your message.

$35 Chat With Writer
Accounting Homework Help

ONLINE

Accounting Homework Help

I am a PhD writer with 10 years of experience. I will be delivering high-quality, plagiarism-free work to you in the minimum amount of time. Waiting for your message.

$36 Chat With Writer

Let our expert academic writers to help you in achieving a+ grades in your homework, assignment, quiz or exam.

Similar Homework Questions

Can a pmo accelerate the implementation process discussion - What is a think tank session - Network design proposal for hospital - Evidence for cell phones in school - Impact of IT week 2 - Why do we have seasons worksheet - Historical theory application - Parasomnia - El burlador de sevilla resumen - Community Health - ECON 3100-090 Fall 2020 - What is the perth metro area - Mac vs dac vs rbac - Caregiver medical consent form - Small business management - Forensic files season 8 episode 28 - Keebler cracker brand nyt crossword - 101 ways to say good job - Business Finance Homework 2 - Abc model of crisis intervention - Harrison bergeron questions and answers - Rangsit university international program - Big Dudes in Sociology - Speech - Easy Access & Affordable 0835179056 safe abortion clinic//pills in Mooi River Epumalanga New Hanover Pietermaritzburg Richmond - Musical fountain in china with audio of bhagavad gita - Today poem by billy collins - What is a busway electrical - Mm capital structure theory pdf - Groupon brad paisley jiffy lube - Lonsdale golf club inc - My flamboyant grandson theme - Ada student disability insurance - What is rich user experience in web 2.0 - 301 best questions to ask on your interview pdf - Learning theories matrix - How many questions in hazard perception test wa - Finkelman 2016 chapter 13 - Discussion - Australian weekly tax table 2020 - Technical Writing in Criminal Justice - Chapter 7 - Bksb english initial assessment answers 2021 - Needs a Rough Draft AND Final Draft - Summarizing a Written Rhetorical Text - Well cultivated critical thinker - Social work role play scripts - What is the r value of a concrete slab - Limavady past and present - Rear axle assembly showing internal parts - Coca cola company strategy implementation - Force table and vector addition of forces lab report - Philosophies and theories for advanced nursing practice 3rd edition - Nucleophilic addition reaction of grignard reagent - Unit 2 macroeconomics lesson 3 activity 15 - The cone gatherers summary of chapters https://studylib.net/doc/9791288/the-cone-gatherers-notes - A 2 b 2 c 2 2bc cosa - Green computing project topics list - Market Opportunity - Londonstockexchange com prices and markets stocks stocks and prices htm - What is emotive laguage - Biology 1 - Bibliography - Dr joseph john cmc ludhiana - Chemistry balancing equations worksheet - Monash computer science electives - Assessment 2: - Discussion - Radio clyde ssb rewind - HR Assignment 10 - Web server hardware and software chapter 8 - Pga tour v martin - Persuasive speech outline monroe's motivated sequence - Progress report memo format - Travel machine wayne toups cruise - Examples of foreshadowing in the lottery - Part 4 Marketing - Old oregon wood store case study - Merchant of venice racism quotes - Strong room in bank - Two eigenvalues of a 3x3 matrix - Rice cakes gestational diabetes - A person who plays sports - Push pull converter design procedure - Human Services - Advance Taxation - Whole foods market case analysis - Birkbeck postgraduate degree classification - Reply paid 2924 brisbane qld 4001 - Internal and external threats to organizations - Clear com freespeak ii manual - Statistics for business Decision question solution - Harvard mit math tournament - Cfa piling method statement - Discussion needed by 5 sat - Hermetic order of the red dragon - Metal that burns green - Aging report in excel format - Public Health Policy - Need two pages !!! - Joint affidavit sample format