Loading...

Messages

Proposals

Stuck in your homework and missing deadline? Get urgent help in $10/Page with 24 hours deadline

Get Urgent Writing Help In Your Essays, Assignments, Homeworks, Dissertation, Thesis Or Coursework & Achieve A+ Grades.

Privacy Guaranteed - 100% Plagiarism Free Writing - Free Turnitin Report - Professional And Experienced Writers - 24/7 Online Support

Time lags in fiscal policy

12/11/2021 Client: muhammad11 Deadline: 2 Day

3. Explain how built-in (or automatic) stabilizers work. What are the differences between proportional, progressive, and regressive tax systems as they relate to an economy’s built-in stability?

Built in stabilizers increase the government’s budget deficit during a recession and increases its budget surplus during inflation without requiring explicit action by policymakers. When an economy is growing and GDP is rising, tax receipts are high because of the progressive tax system. Personal income tax, corporate tax, sales taxes and all types of taxes decline during recession. This is an automatic tax cut that helps in time of recession. If households still had to pay the same level of taxes during the recession, the economic fluctuation would be so much worse, that type is proportional tax. The last type is regressive, this is when the average tax rate decreases as the taxpayer’s income increases and increases as the taxpayer’s as the taxpayer’s income decreases.

4. Briefly state and evaluate the problem of time lags in enacting and applying fiscal policy. How might “politics” complicate fiscal policy? How might expectations of a near-term policy reversal weaken fiscal policy based on changes in tax rates? What is the crowdingout effect and why might it be relevant to fiscal policy?

A time lag refers to the time it takes for a policy to take effect- the time between a policy measure is announced and its effects are visible. When this lag is large the government may not make a sound decision. It may take a decision that yields quicker results which it can show off to voters and get back into power. This decision maybe suboptimal for the economy, but optimal for the political party. Expectations about future policy reversals keeping politics in mind can dent the effect of any announced policy. if it is expected that tax rates will be lowered in future due to political considerations of winning an election, then a current policy of higher tax rates is not effective, making the fiscal policy weak.

Crowding out refers to the dampening of the effect of a rise in government expenditures on GDP. G rises to raise GDP, but the simultaneous rise in interest rates cause a fall in investment. The later reduces GDP. The overall effect of a rise in G is therefore dampened/ muted as it gets crowded out by rising interest rates.

7. Why did the budget surpluses in 2000 and 2001 give way to a series of budget deficits beginning in 2002? Why did those deficits increase substantially beginning in 2008?

The budget surplus story was due to the stock bubble, not tax cuts and budget restraint. Bubbles are not sustainable, by definition. The stock bubble began to burst in 2000. By the summer of 2002 stocks had fallen to roughly half of their peak values destroying $10 trillion in wealth. This gave us a recession which, although officially short and mild, led to the longest period without net job creation since the Great Depression (until the current downturn). The ending of this bubble was the biggest factor turning the surplus into a deficit. Also previous administration tax cuts were very much secondary in this picture, as were wars and the Medicare drug plan. The end of the stock bubble was the end of the budget surpluses.

8. Distinguish between the total U.S. debt and the debt held by the public? Why is the debt as percentage of GDP more relevant than the total debt? Contrast the effects of paying off an internally held debt and paying off an externally held debt.

The total U.S. debt represents the total amount of money the Federal government owes to the owners of government securities. However, only a portion of that (58 percent in 2004) is held by the public; the remaining 42 percent is held by the Federal government – the government owes the money to itself. Debt as a percentage of GDP is more relevant because it is a better measure of an economy’s, or government’s ability to manage that debt. It is analogous to an individual household: the level of mortgage and other debt is only a problem if the household does not have sufficient income (GDP) to keep up with monthly payments. A $10,000 debt is a problem for someone with no income; it is not a significant burden on someone earning $100,000 per year. Paying off internally held debt is like the left hand paying the right hand; dollars are redistributed, but there is no domestic loss of wealth. Paying off externally held debt represents an outflow of wealth from the country. Note that this isn’t necessarily bad if the external debt was incurred to bring in goods or assets that facilitate domestic economic growth or serve other important priorities.

Homework is Completed By:

Writer Writer Name Amount Client Comments & Rating
Instant Homework Helper

ONLINE

Instant Homework Helper

$36

She helped me in last minute in a very reasonable price. She is a lifesaver, I got A+ grade in my homework, I will surely hire her again for my next assignments, Thumbs Up!

Order & Get This Solution Within 3 Hours in $25/Page

Custom Original Solution And Get A+ Grades

  • 100% Plagiarism Free
  • Proper APA/MLA/Harvard Referencing
  • Delivery in 3 Hours After Placing Order
  • Free Turnitin Report
  • Unlimited Revisions
  • Privacy Guaranteed

Order & Get This Solution Within 6 Hours in $20/Page

Custom Original Solution And Get A+ Grades

  • 100% Plagiarism Free
  • Proper APA/MLA/Harvard Referencing
  • Delivery in 6 Hours After Placing Order
  • Free Turnitin Report
  • Unlimited Revisions
  • Privacy Guaranteed

Order & Get This Solution Within 12 Hours in $15/Page

Custom Original Solution And Get A+ Grades

  • 100% Plagiarism Free
  • Proper APA/MLA/Harvard Referencing
  • Delivery in 12 Hours After Placing Order
  • Free Turnitin Report
  • Unlimited Revisions
  • Privacy Guaranteed

6 writers have sent their proposals to do this homework:

University Coursework Help
Ideas & Innovations
Quality Assignments
Engineering Exam Guru
Financial Analyst
Finance Professor
Writer Writer Name Offer Chat
University Coursework Help

ONLINE

University Coursework Help

After reading your project details, I feel myself as the best option for you to fulfill this project with 100 percent perfection.

$33 Chat With Writer
Ideas & Innovations

ONLINE

Ideas & Innovations

I will provide you with the well organized and well research papers from different primary and secondary sources will write the content that will support your points.

$42 Chat With Writer
Quality Assignments

ONLINE

Quality Assignments

I have worked on wide variety of research papers including; Analytical research paper, Argumentative research paper, Interpretative research, experimental research etc.

$33 Chat With Writer
Engineering Exam Guru

ONLINE

Engineering Exam Guru

As an experienced writer, I have extensive experience in business writing, report writing, business profile writing, writing business reports and business plans for my clients.

$28 Chat With Writer
Financial Analyst

ONLINE

Financial Analyst

I have read your project description carefully and you will get plagiarism free writing according to your requirements. Thank You

$28 Chat With Writer
Finance Professor

ONLINE

Finance Professor

I will be delighted to work on your project. As an experienced writer, I can provide you top quality, well researched, concise and error-free work within your provided deadline at very reasonable prices.

$23 Chat With Writer

Let our expert academic writers to help you in achieving a+ grades in your homework, assignment, quiz or exam.

Similar Homework Questions

Order 2296834: Court - Chinese American Language and Literature Essay - 5r framework - Air force cadet dress uniform - Plant growth lab - 2 address instruction example - Journal Article Summaries/Evaluations - Eleanor rigby who is she - M fb snaptu com f - Why are you a doos - Vcaa 2020 chemistry exam - What does siop stand for in education - Case Study: Opening Your New Dunkin’ Donuts Location - Numark 5000fx power supply - Asic register for access - Ramort company reports the following - Commercial research firms like nielsen and j. d. power and associates are sources of - Contact gold coast city council - Www william shakespeare info bubonic black plague elizabethan era htm - Incident action plan example - The direct labor budget is based on - Fall on your knees carol - Https www njcu edu blackboard - How to win practice marketing game - 12kg in pounds and ounces - Infant toddler curriculum and individualization - Basic algebra cheat sheet - David cheesewright net worth - Human thigh bones are stronger than concrete - Carrefour case study international business - Reflection: Personal Finance Basics - Greetings from bury park pdf - Bark hut tourism centre - Shadow health danny cough exam - BU204 Assignment 4 - Are phytoplankton photoautotrophs or chemoautotrophs - Shredding paper physical change - John kiriakou interview with brian ross - Hector gaming company case study pdf - How is the caloric value of a food sample determined - What hazard class is diesel fuel - Aspermia medical terminology - Griffith university bachelor of criminology - Kaolin and morphine asda - Respond to all 4 discussion boards. - Open university teaching assistant - Urgent 3 - Broken hill solar farm - Wileyplus chapter 7 answers - Bacl2 ionic or covalent - Toms shoes annual report 2015 - J sahadi jewelers oakland ca - A t1 consists of _____ telephone channels - Tough guise 2 download - Six root causes of managerial incompetence and derailment - Travel tracer literature circles - Biographical analysis example - Brookes print top up - Vagal inhibition in hanging - Managing personal and family resources - Hibiscus root system invasive - Year 10 english acara - Schedule m 1 excel template - Implementing a performance management communication plan at accounting inc - St john's ambulance cadets uniform female - Ap statistics section 7.1 exercises - 19 o clock military time - PPT - 345 mm to cm - Punchline algebra book b 18.5 answers - Nursing Leadership DB#6 (Chapter 8) - Psychological first aid training post test answers - Weather forecast line graph - Miscellaneous equipment crossword clue - Discussion - Branch ergonomic chair australia - Field Experience A: Special Education Teacher and General Education Teacher Interviews - Al ghazali deliverance from error summary and analysis - Principal beliefs of judaism - Organisational behaviour individuals groups and organisation 4th edition pdf - Help - Water by the spoonful hudes - Gcu loudcloud learning management system - What is emulsification in the digestive system - Caloric content of food labpaq answers - Kiss in cantonese pronunciation - Database Design Table - The wife's story author - Temperate grassland cold desert - Research Paper: Blockchain - Chartered institute of loss adjusters cila - Applying Current Literature to Clinical Practice - Butler system heat exchanger - Unimelb bachelor of environments - Nvcc global understanding - Bob cherry billy bunter - Is versace publicly traded - Root word obstetr o means - Hay for sale herefordshire - Fournier's gangrene icd 10 code