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Complete the following labs in the Virtual Physics Lab Workbook. Within the workbook, choose the chapter that matches title of the lab. The worksheets are attached:

Name Date Class Lab 11: Conservation of Momentum Purpose To discover what happens to total momentum when objects collide Background You might think of conservation as relating to how much water or gas you use. But conservation also means that conditions before and after an event do not change. Conservation of momentum means that the total momentum of any group of objects before an event is the same as it is afterwards. No momentum has been lost and none has been gained. Although collisions may be elastic or inelastic, and even if some balls bounce off at greater velocity than they started with, energy really is conserved and total momentum remains constant. Skills Focus Graphing, interpreting data, drawing conclusions, making generalizations Procedure 1. Start Virtual Physics and select Conservation of Momentum from the list of assignments. The lab will open in the Mechanics laboratory. Conservation of Momentum 2. The laboratory will be set up with two balls of the same mass on a table. You will perform three experiments to look at the momentum of the system by looking at the momentum of each ball within the system. 3. Trial 1: Two balls moving The masses of the balls are the same. The velocities of the balls are the same in magnitude but opposite in direction, toward each other. The balls start out separated by 10 meters. Click the Start button to watch the balls collide. Click the Pause button a few seconds after they bounce off each other. Record the final velocity of each ball in Data Table 1 using data from the display panel. You can display the velocity of the second ball by clicking on the ball, or clicking on the Tracking arrows in the lower right corner of the display to change the display. Data Table 1 Trial 1 Mass (kg) Velocity Before (m/s) Ball 1 10 –10 Ball 2 10 10 Velocity After (m/s) Momentum Before (mass 3 velocitybefore) Momentum After (mass 3 velocityafter) Total Momentum = 36 Conservation of Momentum Virtual Physics Lab Workbook, by Brian F. Woodfield, Steven Haderlie, Heather J. McKnight, and Bradley D. Moser. Published by Pearson Learning Solutions. Copyright © 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. ISBN 1-269-73240-4 4. Trial 2: One ball moving initially Click the Reset button to reset the experiment. Using the Parameters Palette, change the mass of Ball 1 to 15 kg, and the mass of Ball 2 to 5 kg. Uncheck the Balls Same Mass and Diameter box to be able to change each mass separately. Set the velocity of Ball 1 to Name Date Class 10 m/s and the velocity of Ball 2 to 0 m/s. Click the Start button to watch the balls collide. Click the Pause button a few seconds after the balls bounce off each other. Record the final velocity of each ball in Data Table 2. Data Table 2 Trial 2 Mass (kg) Velocity Before (m/s) Ball 1 15 –10 Ball 2 5 0 Velocity After (m/s) Momentum Before (mass 3 velocitybefore) Momentum After (mass 3 velocityafter) Total Momentum = 5. Trial 3: Two connected balls. Click the Reset button to reset the experiment. Set the velocity of Ball 2 to 0 m/s, and change the Elasticity to 0 to make the balls inelastic. Click the Start button to watch the balls collide. Click the Pause button a few seconds after they collide. Record the final velocity of each ball in Data Table 3. Data Table 3 Mass (kg) Ball 1 10 –10 Ball 2 10 0 Velocity After (m/s) Momentum Before (mass 3 velocitybefore) Momentum After (mass 3 velocityafter) Conservation of Momentum Trial 2 Velocity Before (m/s) Total Momentum = 6. Trial 4: Choose your own variables Click the Reset button to reset the experiment. Click on the Lab Book to open it. Click on the red Recording button to start recording data. Choose your own masses and velocities for each ball. Try it with the balls initially traveling in the same direction, but with one of the balls traveling faster than the other. Switch the elasticity to 0 again to observe an inelastic collision. Predict what you think the resulting velocities might be. Test your prediction. Record the data in Data Table 4. Data Table 4 Trial 3 Mass (kg) Velocity Before (m/s) Prediction: Velocity After (m/s) Actual: Velocity After (m/s) Momentum Before (mass 3 velocitybefore) Momentum After (mass 3 velocityafter) ISBN 1-269-73240-4 Ball 1 Ball 2 Total Momentum = Conservation of Momentum 37 Virtual Physics Lab Workbook, by Brian F. Woodfield, Steven Haderlie, Heather J. McKnight, and Bradley D. Moser. Published by Pearson Learning Solutions. Copyright © 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. Name Date Class 7. Graphing On the following grid, graph the momentum of each ball over the course of the experiment. When you pause the trial after your observations, a data link will appear in the lab book. Click on that link to display the momentum over time for each ball. Use the #1 p_x data to graph the momentum of the first ball over time. Your graph should have Time on the x-axis and Momentum on the y-axis. Also graph the momentum data of the second ball on the same graph. Label the axes with the variable and its units. Use a different color for each ball. You will need to scale the graph to fit your data. Conservation of Momentum Analyze and Conclude 1. Interpreting Data Explain.