Loading...

Messages

Proposals

Stuck in your homework and missing deadline? Get urgent help in $10/Page with 24 hours deadline

Get Urgent Writing Help In Your Essays, Assignments, Homeworks, Dissertation, Thesis Or Coursework & Achieve A+ Grades.

Privacy Guaranteed - 100% Plagiarism Free Writing - Free Turnitin Report - Professional And Experienced Writers - 24/7 Online Support

Venturi meter experiment theory

06/01/2021 Client: saad24vbs Deadline: 12 Hours

EGME-306B-06


Spring 2015


Engineering Report


EXPERIMENT #1


Flow Through A Venturi Meter


Using Water As The Working Fluid




(Ref. Experimental Data Group 02- Taken on Feb 6, 2015)


By



02/20/2015


TABLE OF CONTENTS


List of Symbols………...…………………………………………………………………………………………2


Abstract…………………………………………………………………………………………................3


Procedure………………………………………………………………………………………………….4


Theory……………………………………………………………………………………………………..5


Results……………………………………………………………………………………………………10


Sample Calculations………………………………………………………………………………………………18


Error Analysis…………………………………………………………………………………………………..22


Discussion………………………………………………………………………………………………..26


References………………………………………………………………………………………………..28


LIST OF SYMBOLS


………………………………………………………………………………………..Mass flow rate ()


……………………………………………………………………………………………..flow rate ()


………………………………………………………………………………………...Mass density ()


……………………………………………………………………………………………...…gravity ()


……………………………………………………………………………………..…inlet pressure ()


………………………………………………………………………………………….inlet velocity ()


…………………………………………………………………………………………...inlet area ()


………………………………………………………………...inlet throat height from datum point ()


………………………………………………………………………………………outlet pressure ()


………………………………………………………………………………………...outlet velocity ()


………………………………………………………………………………………….outlet area ()


……………………………………………………………….outlet throat height from datum point ()


C…………………………………………………….………………discharge coefficient (dimensionless)


c………………………………………………………………………………………...speed of sound ()


Re……………………………………………………………………...Reynold’s number (dimensionless)


M…………………………………………………………………………...Mach number (dimensionless)


ABSTRACT


The motivation of this laboratory experiment is to analyze the flow of a fluid passing through a Venturi meter. The scheme is to compare the experimental volumetric flow rate to the theoretical volumetric flow rate. Deriving the Venturi velocity formula from the Bernoulli and continuity equations attains the theoretical volumetric flow rate.


It was found that the assumption of a frictionless surface through the Venturi meter was incorrect. When the water flows there is a head loss, which causes dissipation of energy throughout the system. Other factors such as human error, air bubbles in the fluid, and calculation round-offs led to discrepancies in the data.


RESULTS SUMMARY


Table 1: Pressure in piezometer tube and distance the fluid elevated to in Venturi meter


Venturi data and Piezometer Station


Piezo tube H2O height at station X , hX in.± .1in.


Distance from end, X in.


Venturi diameter D in. at X


Piezo. Station


Run 1


Run 2


Run 3


Run 4


Run 5


Run 6


hA-hD≈10 inH20


hA-hD≈8 inH20


hA-hD≈6 inH20


hA-hD≈4 inH20


hA-hD≈2 inH20


hA-hD≈.6 inH20


0


1


A-


9.3


8.8


8.0


7.0


6.1


5.5


1.125


1


A


9.3


8.8


8.0


7.0


6.1


5.5


1.625


1


A+


9.3


8.8


8.0


7.0


6.1


5.5


1.875


0.906


B


8.9


8.3


7.7


6.9


6.0


5.4


2.375


0.719


C


5.4


5.3


5.4


5.3


5.3


5.2


2.625


0.6445


D-


0.2


0.8


1.9


3.0


4.1


4.9


2.9375


0.6445


D


0.2


0.8


1.9


3.0


4.1


4.9


3.25


0.6445


D+


0.2


0.8


1.9


3.0


4.1


4.9


3.5


0.652


E


0.7


1.2


2.2


3.1


4.2


4.9


3.875


0.705


F


3.4


3.6


3.9


4.3


4.7


5.0


4.5


0.759


G


4.9


4.9


5.0


5.1


5.1


5.1


5


0.813


H


5.9


5.9


5.6


5.5


5.3


5.2


5.5


0.866


K


6.7


6.4


6.1


5.8


5.5


5.5


6


0.92


L


7.1


6.9


6.5


6.0


5.6


5.3


6.75


1


M-


7.8


7.4


6.9


6.3


5.7


5.3


6.875


1


M


7.8


7.4


6.9


6.3


5.7


5.3


7.875


1


M+


7.8


7.4


6.9


6.3


5.7


5.3


Graph 1: Piezometer tube versus distance of fluid in Venturi meter


Graph 2: Volume flow rate versus the square root of the height difference




Graph 3: Ideal Volume Flow Rate versus Discharge Coefficient




Graph 4: Free Stream and Throat velocity versus actual volume flow rate




Graph 5: Free stream and throat Mach number versus actual volume flow rate




Graph 6: Free stream and throat Mach number versus actual volume flow rate




DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION


The Venturi meter is one of the most efficient systems with minimal error for use in experimentation surfaces. In comparison to the sharp-edged orifice of flow nozzle, the Venturi meter shows the most minimal head loss caused by friction and heat.


Analyzing the data acquired, the values attained for velocity and volumetric flow rate are in correlation with the Venturi meter experiment. There were slight deviations that occurred in conducting the experiment due to realistic conditions; thus, compared to the calculated values where ideal conditions were taken into account. The factors such as heat loss and friction affected the system and prevented the ideal-condition results. Another factor affecting the measurements is the readings taken from the manometer are the students’ readings, they may not have been as accurate as possible which have resulted in a percentage error.


Contained in the “Results” section the dimensionless measurements of Reynolds number and the discharge coefficient show the Reynolds number increases and so does the discharge coefficient. This concludes that the larger the cross-sectional area the more efficient the system becomes, this is true for a certain ratio.


Errors cannot be completely avoided therefore a margin of error is expected given the high possibility of factors affecting error. In our attempt to eliminate all air bubbles, it appeared as if they were all gone but our visual judgment only goes so far, causing small errors in data collected. Other errors arise in the contents of the water such as impurities; even though the water was distilled, the distillations might not have been 100% effective. Due to the minimal amount of theoretical background, an error in precision is inevitable. Calculation round-offs are another contributing factor in our error margin.


APPENDICES


APPENDIX A


EXPERIMENTAL DATA




APPENDIX B


THEORY


A Venturi meter is an instrument used to measure the flow rate through a pipe. The design includes divergent and convergent sections, which change the flow velocity of the fluid for experimental purposes. Below, in figure one, the setup for the experiment includes two tanks, one for the fluid storage, and the metal tank is for the collected fluid, which has passed through the Venturi meter and pipe.


Venturi meters are commonly preferred over other meters due to their minimal head loss corresponding to its streamline design. In the system, there is no loss of mass and the fluid is in steady flow throughout the experiment, therefore, the conservation of mass equation can be applied to the Venturi meter experiment:




Figure 2 – Venturi Meter


The mass flow at i and j are equal. Water is considered incompressible; therefore, the equation can be simplified:


From the equation it can be concluded that velocity decreases and increases at the diverging and converging sections, respectively, compensating for the continuity of mass.


To calculate pressure, piezometer tubes are integrated in the Venturi meter system. Using the Bernoulli’s equation, for steady, incompressible frictionless flow along a streamline gives a relationship between the constant measure of total energy in a system with static pressure, kinetic energy, and potential energy of a flow. Consider a fluid flowing through the pipe having reached equilibrium state, the fluid in the piezometer tube is a non-flow static condition, velocity equals zero. Under these conditions, the Bernoulli equation reduces to:


The expression gives the relationship between the change in pressure and change in elevation of a fluid within the tube. Utilizing the results achieved for the expressions for mass continuity and hydrostatic balance on a fluid column, and the linear momentum equation, the velocities for the Venturi meter at each station can be calculated. The linear momentum equation is:


All Venturi meters part of the experiment had an equal elevation; therefore, the equation can be simplified.


And since,


Then,


APPENDIX C


PROCEDURE


The equipment of the experiment consists of a flow bench, which allows water to flow through the Venturi meter. Under the flow bench a weighing tank is attached to one end of a lever where weight is added in order to calculate mass flow rate. Before beginning the experiment, the apparatus was calibrated by the lab technician. Air bubbles inside the system can cause discrepancies in the data; therefore, the flow control and bench supply valves were slightly opened by the technician to allow the water to flow and eliminate the air bubbles within the system.


In the next step we closed the apparatus flow control valve and opened the air purge valve on the manifold to allow the water to rise into the piezometer tube. The height of the water was recorded on our data sheets. Each team member was assigned a task prior to conducting the experiment; this allowed the experiment to flow smoothly. Once everyone was ready, the apparatus flow control valve was opened all the way.


The timer was started when the valve was opened, when the arm holding the weight rose, time was recorded and 4 lbs. were added each time until a total of 20 lbs. Knowing the amount of water it took to fill the tank and the time elapsed, we were able to determine the mass flow rate. At the end of the trial, the new piezometer tube pressures were carefully noted and the experiment was conducted again, six times. Different flow rates were collected at each trial.


APPENDIX D


CALCULATIONS


APPENDIX E


ERROR ANALYSIS



APPENDIX F


REFERENCES


1. Engineering 306B –Unified Laboratory Manual


2. Fox and McDonald’s Introduction to Fluid Mechanics (8th Edition)


3. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venturi_effect


4. http://www.hendersons.co.uk/wms/venturi_principle.html


Pressure vs. Distance


Run 1 0.0 1.125 1.625 1.875 2.375 2.625 2.9375 3.25 3.5 3.875 4.5 5.0 5.5 6.0 6.75 6.875 7.875 9.3 9.3 9.3 8.9 5.4 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.7 3.4 4.9 5.9 6.7 7.1 7.8 7.8 7.8 Run 2 0.0 1.125 1.625 1.875 2.375 2.625 2.9375 3.25 3.5 3.875 4.5 5.0 5.5 6.0 6.75 6.875 7.875 8.8 8.8 8.8 8.3 5.3 0.8 0.8 0.8 1.2 3.6 4.9 5.9 6.4 6.9 7.4 7.4 7.4 Run 3 0.0 1.125 1.625 1.875 2.375 2.625 2.9375 3.25 3.5 3.875 4.5 5.0 5.5 6.0 6.75 6.875 7.875 8.0 8.0 8.0 7.7 5.4 1.9 1.9 1.9 2.2 3.9 5.0 5.6 6.1 6.5 6.9 6.9 6.9 Run 4 0.0 1.125 1.625 1.875 2.375 2.625 2.9375 3.25 3.5 3.875 4.5 5.0 5.5 6.0 6.75 6.875 7.875 7.0 7.0 7.0 6.9 5.3 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.1 4.3 5.1 5.5 5.8 6.0 6.3 6.3 6.3 Run 5 0.0 1.125 1.625 1.875 2.375 2.625 2.9375 3.25 3.5 3.875 4.5 5.0 5.5 6.0 6.75 6.875 7.875 6.1 6.1 6.1 6.0 5.3 4.1 4.1 4.1 4.2 4.7 5.1 5.3 5.5 5.6 5.7 5.7 5.7 Run 6 0.0 1.125 1.625 1.875 2.375 2.625 2.9375 3.25 3.5 3.875 4.5 5.0 5.5 6.0 6.75 6.875 7.875 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.4 5.2 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.5 5.3 5.3 5.3 5.3

Distance (in.)


Pressure (psi)

Homework is Completed By:

Writer Writer Name Amount Client Comments & Rating
Instant Homework Helper

ONLINE

Instant Homework Helper

$36

She helped me in last minute in a very reasonable price. She is a lifesaver, I got A+ grade in my homework, I will surely hire her again for my next assignments, Thumbs Up!

Order & Get This Solution Within 3 Hours in $25/Page

Custom Original Solution And Get A+ Grades

  • 100% Plagiarism Free
  • Proper APA/MLA/Harvard Referencing
  • Delivery in 3 Hours After Placing Order
  • Free Turnitin Report
  • Unlimited Revisions
  • Privacy Guaranteed

Order & Get This Solution Within 6 Hours in $20/Page

Custom Original Solution And Get A+ Grades

  • 100% Plagiarism Free
  • Proper APA/MLA/Harvard Referencing
  • Delivery in 6 Hours After Placing Order
  • Free Turnitin Report
  • Unlimited Revisions
  • Privacy Guaranteed

Order & Get This Solution Within 12 Hours in $15/Page

Custom Original Solution And Get A+ Grades

  • 100% Plagiarism Free
  • Proper APA/MLA/Harvard Referencing
  • Delivery in 12 Hours After Placing Order
  • Free Turnitin Report
  • Unlimited Revisions
  • Privacy Guaranteed

6 writers have sent their proposals to do this homework:

University Coursework Help
Top Essay Tutor
Helping Hand
Writer Writer Name Offer Chat
University Coursework Help

ONLINE

University Coursework Help

Hi dear, I am ready to do your homework in a reasonable price.

$62 Chat With Writer
Top Essay Tutor

ONLINE

Top Essay Tutor

I have more than 12 years of experience in managing online classes, exams, and quizzes on different websites like; Connect, McGraw-Hill, and Blackboard. I always provide a guarantee to my clients for their grades.

$65 Chat With Writer
Helping Hand

ONLINE

Helping Hand

I am an Academic writer with 10 years of experience. As an Academic writer, my aim is to generate unique content without Plagiarism as per the client’s requirements.

$60 Chat With Writer

Let our expert academic writers to help you in achieving a+ grades in your homework, assignment, quiz or exam.

Similar Homework Questions

Lower southampton patch police blotter - Allied bank express account - If resources are not adequate to meet peak demands - Square root of 36100 - Assess the place of communication in the society - Starbucks and conservation international case study - Writing Assignment - What is epic theatre - Get the gringo soundtrack culero - Walden Module 6 Pathophysiology Knowledge Check - Taking human resource Online Exam - C.s. lewis company had the following transactions involving notes payable. - Poor grammar and sentence skills can - This was perhaps the best known sculpture of egyptian art - Author's bias worksheet - Rate of reaction hydrochloric acid and magnesium - Fournotts corp a sports shoe manufacturer - Making magic happen - Location factor rating method - Crypto Week 8 discussion Posting - Allen ivey microskills - Bipolar and Substance Use Disorder - Coddling of the american mind rebuttal - Food inc questions for students - Mkt 421 elevator pitch - Are trees abiotic or biotic - List of community concerns - 1945 jamie grace ukulele chords - Complete incomplete and codominance - MBA work 1 - Culture and values 8th edition pdf - A production process at kenneth day manufacturing - Elsie castellaneta dora k warren - Vsimile in the yellow wallpaper - True believer nicholas sparks sparknotes - Labour Econ essay approx 1500-2000 - Nani surun desu ka - Traffic warden state management unit midland wa 6056 - 131 bus route cairns - What is chaining in psychology - Run length encoding ppt - Degree of freedom of saturated nacl solution - Virtuous Person, Virtuous Citizen- APA FORMAT - Split treatment water softening - Method of superposition circuits - Mcgraw hill backpack simulation how to win - Economics of Disease Background Information - Selling and administrative expenses income statement - Csi wildlife tracking poachers answer key - Twisted chopsticks east vic park - Examples of government accounting journal entries - Nelson mandela make poverty history speech - Ibm rational developer for i rpg and cobol tools - Whipps cross hospital ward map - Ch 63 listening quiz bernstein west side story excerpts - Laser printer output device - On the loan worksheet in cell c9 - HSA 551 week 100 - 3m electric random orbital sander - Jolly phonics sounds ppt - Fin 320 4 3 excel assignment - Privilege power and difference 3rd edition pdf - Accounting practice questions and solutions - Adjustable power supply jaycar - Beeler furniture company bank reconciliation june - E studio 2505f driver - Equipotential bonding as 3000 - Each chef at sushi emperor prepares - Sap activate methodology best practices - Definite integral absolute value - Exercise 1 7 direct and indirect costs lo1 1 - Topics in Theory - Selleys oven plus heavy duty gel woolworths - What are the components of a healing hospital - Why are antiglycolytic agents used for collecting certain blood specimens - They say i say chapter 7 exercise answers - Rye presbyterian nursery school - So42 to h2s half equation - Supply chain management simulation pearson answers - Capital allocation line equation - Perennialism philosophy in the classroom - Describe covid_19 - Density of carbon tetrachloride - Albion's fatal tree meaning - Human resource management midterm exam - Realidades a capitulo 3a answers - 747-8 max takeoff weight - The Clinical Reasoning Cycle - Why is there a lot of imitation in the airlines industry, and how does this affect firm performance?s - Antiparallel elongation at the replication forks - Accounts receivable from sales transactions were 51000 - Meetings Terminology - Assingment - Which one of the following statements is incorrect - Unit 3 discussion - 60 second radio commercial examples - Yoohoo and friends korean - 300 words - Creswell 2009 pdf - What is the difference between ditscap and diacap