Loading...

Messages

Proposals

Stuck in your homework and missing deadline? Get urgent help in $10/Page with 24 hours deadline

Get Urgent Writing Help In Your Essays, Assignments, Homeworks, Dissertation, Thesis Or Coursework & Achieve A+ Grades.

Privacy Guaranteed - 100% Plagiarism Free Writing - Free Turnitin Report - Professional And Experienced Writers - 24/7 Online Support

Venturi meter lab report

12/11/2020 Client: arwaabdullah Deadline: 24 Hours

EGME-306B-06

Spring 2015

Engineering Report

EXPERIMENT #1

Flow Through A Venturi Meter

Using Water As The Working Fluid

(Ref. Experimental Data Group 02- Taken on Feb 6, 2015)

By

02/20/2015

TABLE OF CONTENTS

List of Symbols………...…………………………………………………………………………………………2

Abstract…………………………………………………………………………………………................3

Procedure………………………………………………………………………………………………….4

Theory……………………………………………………………………………………………………..5

Results……………………………………………………………………………………………………10

Sample Calculations………………………………………………………………………………………………18

Error Analysis…………………………………………………………………………………………………..22

Discussion………………………………………………………………………………………………..26

References………………………………………………………………………………………………..28

LIST OF SYMBOLS

………………………………………………………………………………………..Mass flow rate ()

……………………………………………………………………………………………..flow rate ()

………………………………………………………………………………………...Mass density ()

……………………………………………………………………………………………...…gravity ()

……………………………………………………………………………………..…inlet pressure ()

………………………………………………………………………………………….inlet velocity ()

…………………………………………………………………………………………...inlet area ()

………………………………………………………………...inlet throat height from datum point ()

………………………………………………………………………………………outlet pressure ()

………………………………………………………………………………………...outlet velocity ()

………………………………………………………………………………………….outlet area ()

……………………………………………………………….outlet throat height from datum point ()

C…………………………………………………….………………discharge coefficient (dimensionless)

c………………………………………………………………………………………...speed of sound ()

Re……………………………………………………………………...Reynold’s number (dimensionless)

M…………………………………………………………………………...Mach number (dimensionless)

ABSTRACT

The motivation of this laboratory experiment is to analyze the flow of a fluid passing through a Venturi meter. The scheme is to compare the experimental volumetric flow rate to the theoretical volumetric flow rate. Deriving the Venturi velocity formula from the Bernoulli and continuity equations attains the theoretical volumetric flow rate.

It was found that the assumption of a frictionless surface through the Venturi meter was incorrect. When the water flows there is a head loss, which causes dissipation of energy throughout the system. Other factors such as human error, air bubbles in the fluid, and calculation round-offs led to discrepancies in the data.

RESULTS SUMMARY

Table 1: Pressure in piezometer tube and distance the fluid elevated to in Venturi meter

Venturi data and Piezometer Station

Piezo tube H2O height at station X , hX in.± .1in.

Distance from end, X in.

Venturi diameter D in. at X

Piezo. Station

Run 1

Run 2

Run 3

Run 4

Run 5

Run 6

hA-hD≈10 inH20

hA-hD≈8 inH20

hA-hD≈6 inH20

hA-hD≈4 inH20

hA-hD≈2 inH20

hA-hD≈.6 inH20

0

1

A-

9.3

8.8

8.0

7.0

6.1

5.5

1.125

1

A

9.3

8.8

8.0

7.0

6.1

5.5

1.625

1

A+

9.3

8.8

8.0

7.0

6.1

5.5

1.875

0.906

B

8.9

8.3

7.7

6.9

6.0

5.4

2.375

0.719

C

5.4

5.3

5.4

5.3

5.3

5.2

2.625

0.6445

D-

0.2

0.8

1.9

3.0

4.1

4.9

2.9375

0.6445

D

0.2

0.8

1.9

3.0

4.1

4.9

3.25

0.6445

D+

0.2

0.8

1.9

3.0

4.1

4.9

3.5

0.652

E

0.7

1.2

2.2

3.1

4.2

4.9

3.875

0.705

F

3.4

3.6

3.9

4.3

4.7

5.0

4.5

0.759

G

4.9

4.9

5.0

5.1

5.1

5.1

5

0.813

H

5.9

5.9

5.6

5.5

5.3

5.2

5.5

0.866

K

6.7

6.4

6.1

5.8

5.5

5.5

6

0.92

L

7.1

6.9

6.5

6.0

5.6

5.3

6.75

1

M-

7.8

7.4

6.9

6.3

5.7

5.3

6.875

1

M

7.8

7.4

6.9

6.3

5.7

5.3

7.875

1

M+

7.8

7.4

6.9

6.3

5.7

5.3

Graph 1: Piezometer tube versus distance of fluid in Venturi meter

Graph 2: Volume flow rate versus the square root of the height difference

Graph 3: Ideal Volume Flow Rate versus Discharge Coefficient

Graph 4: Free Stream and Throat velocity versus actual volume flow rate

Graph 5: Free stream and throat Mach number versus actual volume flow rate

Graph 6: Free stream and throat Mach number versus actual volume flow rate

DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION

The Venturi meter is one of the most efficient systems with minimal error for use in experimentation surfaces. In comparison to the sharp-edged orifice of flow nozzle, the Venturi meter shows the most minimal head loss caused by friction and heat.

Analyzing the data acquired, the values attained for velocity and volumetric flow rate are in correlation with the Venturi meter experiment. There were slight deviations that occurred in conducting the experiment due to realistic conditions; thus, compared to the calculated values where ideal conditions were taken into account. The factors such as heat loss and friction affected the system and prevented the ideal-condition results. Another factor affecting the measurements is the readings taken from the manometer are the students’ readings, they may not have been as accurate as possible which have resulted in a percentage error.

Contained in the “Results” section the dimensionless measurements of Reynolds number and the discharge coefficient show the Reynolds number increases and so does the discharge coefficient. This concludes that the larger the cross-sectional area the more efficient the system becomes, this is true for a certain ratio.

Errors cannot be completely avoided therefore a margin of error is expected given the high possibility of factors affecting error. In our attempt to eliminate all air bubbles, it appeared as if they were all gone but our visual judgment only goes so far, causing small errors in data collected. Other errors arise in the contents of the water such as impurities; even though the water was distilled, the distillations might not have been 100% effective. Due to the minimal amount of theoretical background, an error in precision is inevitable. Calculation round-offs are another contributing factor in our error margin.

APPENDICES

APPENDIX A

EXPERIMENTAL DATA

APPENDIX B

THEORY

A Venturi meter is an instrument used to measure the flow rate through a pipe. The design includes divergent and convergent sections, which change the flow velocity of the fluid for experimental purposes. Below, in figure one, the setup for the experiment includes two tanks, one for the fluid storage, and the metal tank is for the collected fluid, which has passed through the Venturi meter and pipe.

Venturi meters are commonly preferred over other meters due to their minimal head loss corresponding to its streamline design. In the system, there is no loss of mass and the fluid is in steady flow throughout the experiment, therefore, the conservation of mass equation can be applied to the Venturi meter experiment:

Figure 2 – Venturi Meter

The mass flow at i and j are equal. Water is considered incompressible; therefore, the equation can be simplified:

From the equation it can be concluded that velocity decreases and increases at the diverging and converging sections, respectively, compensating for the continuity of mass.

To calculate pressure, piezometer tubes are integrated in the Venturi meter system. Using the Bernoulli’s equation, for steady, incompressible frictionless flow along a streamline gives a relationship between the constant measure of total energy in a system with static pressure, kinetic energy, and potential energy of a flow. Consider a fluid flowing through the pipe having reached equilibrium state, the fluid in the piezometer tube is a non-flow static condition, velocity equals zero. Under these conditions, the Bernoulli equation reduces to:

The expression gives the relationship between the change in pressure and change in elevation of a fluid within the tube. Utilizing the results achieved for the expressions for mass continuity and hydrostatic balance on a fluid column, and the linear momentum equation, the velocities for the Venturi meter at each station can be calculated. The linear momentum equation is:

All Venturi meters part of the experiment had an equal elevation; therefore, the equation can be simplified.

And since,

Then,

APPENDIX C

PROCEDURE

The equipment of the experiment consists of a flow bench, which allows water to flow through the Venturi meter. Under the flow bench a weighing tank is attached to one end of a lever where weight is added in order to calculate mass flow rate. Before beginning the experiment, the apparatus was calibrated by the lab technician. Air bubbles inside the system can cause discrepancies in the data; therefore, the flow control and bench supply valves were slightly opened by the technician to allow the water to flow and eliminate the air bubbles within the system.

In the next step we closed the apparatus flow control valve and opened the air purge valve on the manifold to allow the water to rise into the piezometer tube. The height of the water was recorded on our data sheets. Each team member was assigned a task prior to conducting the experiment; this allowed the experiment to flow smoothly. Once everyone was ready, the apparatus flow control valve was opened all the way.

The timer was started when the valve was opened, when the arm holding the weight rose, time was recorded and 4 lbs. were added each time until a total of 20 lbs. Knowing the amount of water it took to fill the tank and the time elapsed, we were able to determine the mass flow rate. At the end of the trial, the new piezometer tube pressures were carefully noted and the experiment was conducted again, six times. Different flow rates were collected at each trial.

APPENDIX D

CALCULATIONS

APPENDIX E

ERROR ANALYSIS

APPENDIX F

REFERENCES

1. Engineering 306B –Unified Laboratory Manual

2. Fox and McDonald’s Introduction to Fluid Mechanics (8th Edition)

3. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venturi_effect

4. http://www.hendersons.co.uk/wms/venturi_principle.html

Pressure vs. Distance

Run 1 0.0 1.125 1.625 1.875 2.375 2.625 2.9375 3.25 3.5 3.875 4.5 5.0 5.5 6.0 6.75 6.875 7.875 9.3 9.3 9.3 8.9 5.4 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.7 3.4 4.9 5.9 6.7 7.1 7.8 7.8 7.8 Run 2 0.0 1.125 1.625 1.875 2.375 2.625 2.9375 3.25 3.5 3.875 4.5 5.0 5.5 6.0 6.75 6.875 7.875 8.8 8.8 8.8 8.3 5.3 0.8 0.8 0.8 1.2 3.6 4.9 5.9 6.4 6.9 7.4 7.4 7.4 Run 3 0.0 1.125 1.625 1.875 2.375 2.625 2.9375 3.25 3.5 3.875 4.5 5.0 5.5 6.0 6.75 6.875 7.875 8.0 8.0 8.0 7.7 5.4 1.9 1.9 1.9 2.2 3.9 5.0 5.6 6.1 6.5 6.9 6.9 6.9 Run 4 0.0 1.125 1.625 1.875 2.375 2.625 2.9375 3.25 3.5 3.875 4.5 5.0 5.5 6.0 6.75 6.875 7.875 7.0 7.0 7.0 6.9 5.3 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.1 4.3 5.1 5.5 5.8 6.0 6.3 6.3 6.3 Run 5 0.0 1.125 1.625 1.875 2.375 2.625 2.9375 3.25 3.5 3.875 4.5 5.0 5.5 6.0 6.75 6.875 7.875 6.1 6.1 6.1 6.0 5.3 4.1 4.1 4.1 4.2 4.7 5.1 5.3 5.5 5.6 5.7 5.7 5.7 Run 6 0.0 1.125 1.625 1.875 2.375 2.625 2.9375 3.25 3.5 3.875 4.5 5.0 5.5 6.0 6.75 6.875 7.875 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.4 5.2 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.5 5.3 5.3 5.3 5.3
Distance (in.)

Pressure (psi)

Homework is Completed By:

Writer Writer Name Amount Client Comments & Rating
Instant Homework Helper

ONLINE

Instant Homework Helper

$36

She helped me in last minute in a very reasonable price. She is a lifesaver, I got A+ grade in my homework, I will surely hire her again for my next assignments, Thumbs Up!

Order & Get This Solution Within 3 Hours in $25/Page

Custom Original Solution And Get A+ Grades

  • 100% Plagiarism Free
  • Proper APA/MLA/Harvard Referencing
  • Delivery in 3 Hours After Placing Order
  • Free Turnitin Report
  • Unlimited Revisions
  • Privacy Guaranteed

Order & Get This Solution Within 6 Hours in $20/Page

Custom Original Solution And Get A+ Grades

  • 100% Plagiarism Free
  • Proper APA/MLA/Harvard Referencing
  • Delivery in 6 Hours After Placing Order
  • Free Turnitin Report
  • Unlimited Revisions
  • Privacy Guaranteed

Order & Get This Solution Within 12 Hours in $15/Page

Custom Original Solution And Get A+ Grades

  • 100% Plagiarism Free
  • Proper APA/MLA/Harvard Referencing
  • Delivery in 12 Hours After Placing Order
  • Free Turnitin Report
  • Unlimited Revisions
  • Privacy Guaranteed

6 writers have sent their proposals to do this homework:

Custom Coursework Service
Finance Homework Help
Writer Writer Name Offer Chat
Custom Coursework Service

ONLINE

Custom Coursework Service

Hey, Hope you are doing great :) I have read your project description. I am a high qualified writer. I will surely assist you in writing paper in which i will be explaining and analyzing the formulation and implementation of the strategy of Nestle. I will cover all the points which you have mentioned in your project details. I have a clear idea of what you are looking for. The work will be done according to your expectations. I will provide you Turnitin report as well to check the similarity. I am familiar with APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago and Turabian referencing styles. I have more than 5 years’ experience in technical and academic writing. Please message me to discuss further details. I will be glad to assist you out.

$70 Chat With Writer
Finance Homework Help

ONLINE

Finance Homework Help

I have a Master’s degree and experience of more than 5 years in this industry, I have worked on several similar projects of Research writing, Academic writing & Business writing and can deliver A+ quality writing even to Short Deadlines. I have successfully completed more than 2100+ projects on different websites for respective clients. I can generally write 10-15 pages daily. I am interested to hear more about the project and about the subject matter of the writing. I will deliver Premium quality work without Plagiarism at less price and time. Get quality work by awarding this project to me, I look forward to getting started for you as soon as possible. Thanks!

$70 Chat With Writer

Let our expert academic writers to help you in achieving a+ grades in your homework, assignment, quiz or exam.

Similar Homework Questions

The lost camel a folktale from india central message - How do you calculate girth of a package - Mini Paper - Criminology - Distribute rows evenly excel - Three picasso's distorted orchestra piece - Robin hood case analysis - Foreign body granuloma eye - Classroom Management Discussion - Case study on moral status fetal abnormality - Week 3 Reflection Paper - DISCUSSION BOARD 3 - Iron age - Ram rom prom eprom eeprom pdf - INTRODUCTION LEARNERS MUST DEVELOP AN INTRODUCTION ESSAY WITH THE EXPECTATIONS OF THE COURSE USSING THE FOLLOWING PROMPTS - Key scenes in a beautiful mind - Accounting comprehensive problem answers - 34.62 ml of 0.1510 m - Century marine pro 400 - What's the area of an equilateral triangle - How to make histogram in excel mac 2011 - Strata managing agent licence - Explain the speed control circuit for a hydraulic motor - Verilog code for 3 to 8 decoder - What distinguishes a freehold estate from a leasehold estate - Assignment 1 differential diagnosis for skin conditions - Decision tree analysis case study - Re: Business intelligence - Wife of bath shmoop - Discussion needed by thur @ 6pm - Nithyananda peetam bengaluru karnataka - Cgd 218 visual literacy in business - Why is grant writing underutilized in criminal justice - The management of zigby manufacturing prepared - Innovation in Healthcare and Financial Statements - The great gatsby review questions - Kidney yang deficiency weight gain - A computer network consists of six computers - Mr megabucks dna worksheet answer key - Home by gwendolyn brooks answers - Essay persuasive outline - Unsw arc clubs handbook - Mcdonald's waitara opening hours - Diss 9 - Poe spell echo discharge - HCA/370Organizational Behavior - Inside death row national geographic - Assignment 2 - Master budget project managerial accounting - Appropriate interventions for self harm - What were the destination ip addresses discovered by the netwitness investigator analysis? - Supreme court scavenger hunt answers - Cook door menu 2017 egypt - What are the branches of science - The clown punk poem - Conjugate acid base theory - Humanistic personality analysis - Why might a prospective employer screen applicants using personality assessments - Stop nessus service windows - Is stainless steel suture natural or synthetic - How is hectors body abused by the greeks - Media Studies assignment - Paper - Harley mission statement - Abbot davies balancing rein kit - Lsi circumplex - What is 12 o clock in 24 hour time - 115 van winkle san anselmo - Expansion valve equalizer line - Volcano goddess crossword clue - Need help with attached. - Software project management ebook pdf - African pygmy hedgehog diet - Cengage accounting chapter 2 homework answers - Religious - Colgate palmolive company the precision toothbrush case analysis - Rotary to reciprocating motion mechanism - Match the forecasting method to the appropriate classification. - Do food safely assessment answers - 9781284078329 - Spatial organization presentation - Complete the attachement assignments - Research Paper - $120 Software project + DQ - Duane ludwig peanut butter - Isochronous vs asynchronous vs synchronous transmission - Humanities Essay - Promag 400 installation manual - Attention getter for speech about myself examples - Reviewing your knowledge exercise 17 - Sci 207 week 4 lab solar energy - Study on digital marketing strategies in Chinese underwear market: Use Neiwai/ Ubras as examples - Cave arch stack stump - Nursing - Antibiotic resistance can we ever win case study answer key - EDUCATIONAL LEVEL - Psychology 2 - Tokyo ryutsu center louis vuitton sale - Http kids nationalgeographic com kids animals creature feature - Mallock u2 for sale - Windshield survey