Medical Terminology
1. Since every medical term should have a suffix, knowing the meaning of a suffix is a crucial part to understanding the meaning of a medical term. Choose three medical terms with different suffixes and explain their meanings.
2. The suffix -cyte means cell or blood cell. Write all the terms that have the suffix -cyte including the different types of blood cells. Explain what the terms mean and refer to the functions and different characteristics of all blood cells (Make sure you also explain the 5 types of White blood cells).
3. Prefixes add description to medical terms. They can indicate location, time, and amount. Provide three medical terms with prefixes that describe location, time and amount in a medical term. Divide them, label them and give their meaning.
4. Some suffixes and prefixes are opposites. Provide one set of suffixes or prefixes that are opposites.
Learning Objectives
Define new suffixes and review those presented in previous chapters.
Gain practice in word analysis by using these suffixes with combining forms to build and understand terms.
Identify the functions of the different types of blood cells in the body.
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Chapter 3
Lesson 3.1
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SUFFIXES AND
TERMINOLOGY
NOUN SUFFIXES
-algia pain
-cele hernia
-centesis surgical puncture to remove fluid
-coccus berry-shaped bacterium
-cyte cell
Suffix Meaning
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Refer to page 76 for terms using these suffixes
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HERNIA
Protrusion of an organ through the cavity that normally contains it
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See page 82 for more information.
A Hernia is Protrusion of an organ or the muscular wall of an organ through the cavity that normally contains it.
CYSTOCELE
when part of the urinary bladder herniates through the vaginal wall.
RECTOCELE
protrusion of a portion of the rectum toward the vagina
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AMNIOCENTESIS
Withdrawal of the fluid that surrounds the embryo for culture and karyotyping
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When is an amniocentesis usually performed?
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Streptococcus and Staphylococcus: Bacteria that grow in chains or clusters
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What is the difference between streptococcus and staphylococcus?
What is an abscess?
What are the different types of hernias?
When is an amniocentesis usually performed?
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NOUN SUFFIXES
-dynia pain
-ectomy excision, removal
-emia blood condition
-genesis condition of producing, forming
-gram record
Suffix Meaning
SUFFIXES AND
TERMINOLOGY
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Refer to page 76-77 for terms using these suffixes
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NOUN SUFFIXES
-graph instrument for recording
-graphy process of recording
-itis inflammation
-logy study of
-lysis breakdown, destruction, separation
Suffix Meaning
SUFFIXES AND
TERMINOLOGY
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Refer to page 77 for terms using these suffixes
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NOUN SUFFIXES
-malacia softening
-megaly enlargement
-oma tumor, mass, collection of fluid
-opsy to view (under a microscope)
-osis condition, usually abnormal
Suffix Meaning
SUFFIXES AND
TERMINOLOGY
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Refer to page 77-78 for terms using these suffixes
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NOUN SUFFIXES
-pathy disease condition
-penia deficiency
-phobia fear
-plasia development, formation, growth
-plasty surgical repair
Suffix Meaning
SUFFIXES AND
TERMINOLOGY
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Refer to page 78-79 for terms using these suffixes
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QUICK QUIZ:
1. Which term means fear of heights?
A. Acromegaly
B. Hydrophobia
C. Acrophobia
D. Agoraphobia
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Correct Answer is C, Acrophobia
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NOUN SUFFIXES
-ptosis drooping, sagging, prolapse
-sclerosis hardening
-scope instrument for visual examination
-scopy process of visual examination
-stasis stopping, controlling
Suffix Meaning
SUFFIXES AND
TERMINOLOGY
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*
Refer to page 77-78 for terms using these suffixes
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NOUN SUFFIXES
-stomy opening to form a mouth (stoma)
-therapy treatment
-tomy incision, cutting into
-trophy development, nourishment
Suffix Meaning
SUFFIXES AND
TERMINOLOGY
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Refer to page 79-80 for terms using these suffixes
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SHORTER NOUN SUFFIXES
-er one who
-ia condition
-ist specialist
-ole little, small
-ule little, small
-um, ium structure, tissue
-us structure, substance
-y condition, process
Suffix Meaning
SUFFIXES AND
TERMINOLOGY
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Refer to page 80 for terms using these suffixes
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QUICK QUIZ:
5. Which is the smallest of blood vessels?
A. Arteries
B. Venules
C. Capillaries
D. Arterioles
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Correct Answer is C, capillaries are the tiniest of blood vessels. See page 88 appendix P for more information.
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ADJECTIVE SUFFIXES
-ac, iac pertaining to
-al pertaining to
-ar, ary pertaining to
-eal pertaining to
-genic pertaining to producing, produced by or in
Suffix Meaning
SUFFIXES AND
TERMINOLOGY
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Refer to page 80-81 for terms using these suffixes
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ADJECTIVE SUFFIXES
-ic, ical pertaining to
-oid resembling
-ose pertaining to, full of
-ous pertaining to
-tic pertaining to
Suffix Meaning
SUFFIXES AND
TERMINOLOGY
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Refer to page 81 for terms using these suffixes
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Build Terms with Suffixes and Combining Forms
Combining Forms +
Suffix
arthr/itis
blephar/o/ptosis
isch/emia
oste/o/genic
staphyl/o/cocci
Meaning
Inflammation of joint
drooping eyelid
loss of normal blood flow
produced by bone tissue
berry-shaped bacteria that grow in clusters
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What is Streptococcus?
What are other berry-shaped bacteria?
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Anemia: Reduction in the number of erythrocytes or amount of hemoglobin in the circulating blood
Ischemia: Loss of normal blood flow to a part of the body
Tonsillitis: Infected and inflamed tonsils (lymphatic tissue in the back of the throat)
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What is the literal meaning of anemia?
How are anemias classified?
What is aplastic anemia?
What happens to tissue that becomes ischemic?
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Acromegaly: An endocrine disorder marked by excessive amount of growth hormone after the completion of puberty
Splenomegaly: Enlargement of the spleen
Leukocytosis: An elevation in the numbers of normal white blood cells in response to an infection
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What usually causes the excessive amount of growth hormone found in acromegaly?
What is the spleen composed of, and what is its function?
What is the difference between leukocytosis and leukemia? What do their suffixes mean?
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Achondroplasia: A type of dwarfism characterized by short limbs, a normal-sized head and body, and normal intelligence
Blepharoptosis: Drooping eyelids
Laparoscopy: Visual examination of the abdomen using a laparoscope
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Laparoscope – a lighted telescopic instrument
What causes achondroplasia?
How is the suffix -ptosis pronounced?
What are the specific uses of laparoscopy?
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Arteriole: Small arteries (arteries carry blood rich in oxygen from the heart to the organs)
Adenoids: Lymphatic tissue in the pharynx near the nose and nasal passages
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What is the literal meaning of adenoids?
What may happen if adenoids become enlarged?
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QUICK QUIZ:
4. Which term means inflammation of tonsils? (watch spelling!)
A. Tonsilitis
B. Tonsillitis
C. Tonsillectomy
D. Tonsilectomy
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Correct Answer is B, tonsillitis. Although the term tonsil has only one “l”, the combining form has a double letter “l”. “ITIS” means inflammation. Choice A is incorrect because it has only one “l”.
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Blood Cell Types
Erythrocytes
Leukocytes
Thrombocytes
Red Blood cells
White Blood cells
Clotting cells
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What is hemoglobin? What purpose does it serve?
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Blood Cell Types
1. Erythrocytes
Red Blood Cells
Made in bone marrow
Carry oxygen from lungs to all body cells
Hemoglobin: blood protein
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What is hemoglobin? What purpose does it serve?
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Blood Cell Types (cont’d.)
2. Leukocytes
White blood cells
Five different kinds of leukocytes, divided into two categories
Granulocytes
Mononuclear leukocytes
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What is the distinction between granulocytes and mononuclear leukocytes?
An easy way to remember the names of the five leukocytes is: Never (neutrophil) Let (lymphocyte) Monkeys (monocyte) Eat (eosinophil) Bananas (basophil).
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Blood Cell Types (cont’d.)
Granulocytes – three types
Eosinophils
Basophils
Neutrophils
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Formed in the blood marrow
Eosinophils – active and elevated in allergic conditions such as asthma
Basophils – play a role in inflammation
Neutrophils – important disease-fighting cells
What do the prefixes for each type reflect?
What are some other names for neutrophils?
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Blood Cell Types (cont’d.)
Mononuclear Leukocytes – two types
Lymphocytes
Monocytes
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Lymphocytes – fight disease by producing antibodies that destroy foreign bodies
Monocytes – engulf and destroy cellular debris after neutrophils have attacked foreign cells
What are two types of lymphocytes?
What are macrophages?
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Blood Cell Types (cont’d.)
3. Thrombocytes
Also known as platelets
Tiny fragments of blood cells that are formed in the marrow
Necessary for blood clotting
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TYPES OF BLOOD CELLS
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TYPES OF BLOOD CELLS
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QUICK QUIZ:
2. Which type of blood cells are necessary for clotting?
A. Erythrocytes
B. Granulocytes
C. Monocytes
D. Thrombocytes
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Correct Answer is D, thrombocytes, which are actually tiny fragments of cells formed in the bone marrow and necessary for blood clotting.
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Pronunciation
ā as in āpe
ē as in ēven
ī as in īce
ō as in ōpen
ū as in ūnit
ă as in ăpple
ĕ as in ĕvery
ĭ as in ĭnterest
ŏ as in pŏt
ŭ as in ŭnder
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Pronunciation (cont’d.)
Examples:
acute ă-KŪT
basophil BĀ-sō-fĭl
ischemia ĭs-KĒ-mē-ă
paracentesis pă-ră-cĕn-TĒ-sĭs
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*
Are all students clear on the differences in short and long vowel sounds?
*
*
*
*
Refer to page 76 for terms using these suffixes
*
See page 82 for more information.
A Hernia is Protrusion of an organ or the muscular wall of an organ through the cavity that normally contains it.
CYSTOCELE
when part of the urinary bladder herniates through the vaginal wall.
RECTOCELE
protrusion of a portion of the rectum toward the vagina
*
When is an amniocentesis usually performed?
*
What is the difference between streptococcus and staphylococcus?
What is an abscess?
What are the different types of hernias?
When is an amniocentesis usually performed?
*
Refer to page 76-77 for terms using these suffixes
*
Refer to page 77 for terms using these suffixes
*
Refer to page 77-78 for terms using these suffixes
*
Refer to page 78-79 for terms using these suffixes
*
Correct Answer is C, Acrophobia
*
Refer to page 77-78 for terms using these suffixes
*
*
Refer to page 79-80 for terms using these suffixes
*
*
Refer to page 80 for terms using these suffixes
*
*
Correct Answer is C, capillaries are the tiniest of blood vessels. See page 88 appendix P for more information.
*
Refer to page 80-81 for terms using these suffixes
*
Refer to page 81 for terms using these suffixes
*
What is Streptococcus?
What are other berry-shaped bacteria?
*
What is the literal meaning of anemia?
How are anemias classified?
What is aplastic anemia?
What happens to tissue that becomes ischemic?
*
What usually causes the excessive amount of growth hormone found in acromegaly?
What is the spleen composed of, and what is its function?
What is the difference between leukocytosis and leukemia? What do their suffixes mean?
*
Laparoscope – a lighted telescopic instrument
What causes achondroplasia?
How is the suffix -ptosis pronounced?
What are the specific uses of laparoscopy?
*
*
What is the literal meaning of adenoids?
What may happen if adenoids become enlarged?
*
Correct Answer is B, tonsillitis. Although the term tonsil has only one “l”, the combining form has a double letter “l”. “ITIS” means inflammation. Choice A is incorrect because it has only one “l”.
*
What is hemoglobin? What purpose does it serve?
*
What is hemoglobin? What purpose does it serve?
*
What is the distinction between granulocytes and mononuclear leukocytes?
An easy way to remember the names of the five leukocytes is: Never (neutrophil) Let (lymphocyte) Monkeys (monocyte) Eat (eosinophil) Bananas (basophil).
*
Formed in the blood marrow
Eosinophils – active and elevated in allergic conditions such as asthma
Basophils – play a role in inflammation
Neutrophils – important disease-fighting cells
What do the prefixes for each type reflect?
What are some other names for neutrophils?
*
Lymphocytes – fight disease by producing antibodies that destroy foreign bodies
Monocytes – engulf and destroy cellular debris after neutrophils have attacked foreign cells
What are two types of lymphocytes?
What are macrophages?
*
*
*
*
Correct Answer is D, thrombocytes, which are actually tiny fragments of cells formed in the bone marrow and necessary for blood clotting.
*
*
Are all students clear on the differences in short and long vowel sounds?