Loading...

Messages

Proposals

Stuck in your homework and missing deadline? Get urgent help in $10/Page with 24 hours deadline

Get Urgent Writing Help In Your Essays, Assignments, Homeworks, Dissertation, Thesis Or Coursework & Achieve A+ Grades.

Privacy Guaranteed - 100% Plagiarism Free Writing - Free Turnitin Report - Professional And Experienced Writers - 24/7 Online Support

What happens to carbon dioxide molecules in the calvin cycle

12/11/2021 Client: muhammad11 Deadline: 2 Day

10.1 Photosythesis_______________________________________________________

1A. Write the overall reaction (major reactants and major products) for photosysthesis:

sunlight + water + CO2 ( O2 and glucose

B. Where is each reactant used (light reactions or Calvin cycle?)

Sunlight= light reactions

Water= light reactions (when it is “split” the electrons in the bonds of water are used to replace the electrons lost from the P680 reaction center)

CO2= Calvin cycle

C. Where is each product produced (light reactions or Calvin cycle?)

O2= light reactions (when water is “split”)

Glucose= Calvin cycle

2. Compare and contrast Autotrophs and Heterotrophs.

Auto- make their own food

Hetero- rely on autotrophs for food

3. A. Where would you most likely find mesophyll cells in a tree?

Any photosynthetic part of the tree. Leaves are the main photosynthetic organs in the tree.

B. How many chloroplasts does a typical mesophyll cell hold? 30-40

C. What pigment gives a leaf its green color? chlorophyll

D. Where exactly is this pigment located? Within chloroplasts

E. How does carbon dioxide enter the leaf? Through stomata in the leaves

4. Chloroplast structure: Name all components of the chloroplast and describe their orientation relative to one another. Start at the outer membrane and end inside a thylakoid.

Outer membrane

Intermembrane space

Inner membrane

Stroma

Thylakoid membrane

Thylakoid space

5. Identify the two main stages of photosynthesis and where these stages occur respectively. Also describe how the two stages are dependent on one another.

Stage 1= Light reactions- in thylakoid membranes and thylakoid space, the main products of this stage are some the main reactants of the next stage

Stage 2= Calvin cycle- in stroma, some of the products of this stage are some of the main reactants for stage 1.

10.2 Light Rxns. Chemical Energy of Sun ( ATP and NADPH____________________

6. Green light is _____reflected______________ (reflected/absorbed) by a chloroplast, giving it its green color.

7. What wavelengths of light are most effective in driving photosynthesis?

Violet and red

Briefly describe the experiment (discussed in the chapter and powerpoint for this chapter) that identified these wavelengths of light.

The plants produced high levels of oxygen (one of the major products of photosynthesis) when exposed to violet and red light and produced little to no oxygen when exposed to other wavelengths of light. This makes sense. Think about the photosystem reaction centers in the thylakoid membranes of the chloroplast. P680 and P700, the letter “P” represents “photosystem” and the numbers refer to the wavelengths of light the photosystems absorb. Wavelengths 680 and 700 are both in the red range!

8. Describe what happens when chlorophyll absorbs light?

Electrons in chlorophyll absorb energy and are “jumped” to higher energy level.

9. Photosystems: What are they and where are they located?

Light harvesting complexes in thylakoid membranes of chloroplasts.

Identify the components of the photosystem reaction center.

Reaction center:

Light harvesting complexes

Chlorophyll Pigment molecules

Special chlorophyll a molecules

Primary electron acceptor

10. Describe the path of a photon of light starting outside the chloroplast through the photosystem reaction center to the primary electron acceptor. Light from sun ( outer membrane of chloroplast (inner membrane of chloroplast ( stroma ( light harvesting complex within thylakoid membrane (photosystem) ( chlorophyll pigment molecules within the photosystem( electrons of the special chlorophyll a molecules in the reaction center ( primary electron acceptor in the reaction center

11. In photosystem II why is it necessary to split water into Oxygen, hydrogen ions and electrons?

To replace electron “jumped” or lost from the special chlorophyll a molecules in the P680 reaction center of the photosystem. Electrons are jumped or lost to primary electron acceptor when a photon of light energizes the electrons in the special chlorophyll a molecules.

12. What is generated in photosystem II reactions? (2 products)

O2 and ATP

13, Where do the electrons that replace the electron lost from the special chlorophyll a molecules of photosystem I in the P700 reaction center come from?

PSII

14. What is generated in photosystem I reactions? (1 product)

NADPH

15. Where are the products of photosystem II and I used?

Calvin Cycle

16. Compare and contrast cell respiration in mitochondria and photosynthesis in chloroplasts in terms of…

A. Where the hydrogen ion gradient forms (where hydrogen ions are concentrated).

B. Chemiosmosis (movement of Hydrogen ions through the ATP synthase to generate ATP)

Mitochondria

A. H+ are pumped from matrix through the inner membrane to the intermembrane space by action of electron transport chain protein pumps. Hydrogen ion gradient forms in the intermembrane space.

B. Hydrogen ions move from the intermembrane space to the matrix through the ATP synthase, generating ATP in the stroma!

Chloroplast

A. H+ are pumped from the stroma through the thylakoid membrane to the thylakoid space by action of an electron transport chain protein pump.

B. Hydrogen ions move from the thylaokid space to the stroma through the ATP synthase, generating ATP in the matrix!

17. Why is it that when the lights are turned off in a laboratory, the hydrogen ion gradient across the thylakoid membrane is abolished, but quickly restored when the light are turned back on?

Light drives the Light reactions. Light reactions produce gradient across the thylakoid membrane by flow of electrons through electron transport chain. With the energy absorbed from the electrons, the proteins of the electron transport chain pump H+ from the stroma through the thylakoid membrane to the thylakoid space creating a gradient across the membrane. Without light the electron transport chain ceases to function and the gradient is abolished

10.3 Calvin Cycle = ATP and NADPH ( Glucose_______________________________

18. In terms of USE and PRODUCTION of electron carriers* (NADPH* vs. NADH*) how is the Calvin cycle different from the citric acid cycle in cell respiration.

Calvin USES NADPH, citric acid cycle PRODUCES NADH

19. In what form does carbon (that will eventually be combined with other carbon atoms to form glucose) enter the Calvin cycle? CO2

20. What carbohydrate is produced directly from the Calvin cycle? G3P, a three carbon simple sugar.

How many times must this cycle take place to produce one molecule of glucose? Two turns to make one glucose molecule (BECAUSE GLUCOSE IS A 6 CARBON SUGAR)

21. The 3 main phases of the Calvin cycle are listed below. Describe the major events that occur in each phase.

Carbon Fixation-

A. How many CO2 molecules enter the Calvin cycle at one time? 3 CO2 molecules

B. What is the CO2 acceptor molecule (the one CO2 binds to)? RuBP

C. How many molecules of the CO2 acceptor are required? 3 RuBP, one for each CO2 molecule that enters the Calvin cycle at the same time.

D. Identify the enzyme that facilitates the attachment of a CO2 molecule to the CO2 acceptor molecule Ribisco enzyme

Reduction-

A. What does it mean for something to be “reduced” in terms of electrons? Electrons are negatively charged subatomic particles. When something is said to be “reduced” negative charges (electrons) are being added to that molecule. Where do the electrons come from to accomplish the reduction phase of the Calvin cycle? Of course, the electron carrier molecules made in the light reactions NADPH and ATP!

B. What two molecules (generated in the light reactions) are used in this phase?

NADPH and ATP

Regeneration of RuBP-

A. How many G3P molecules are produced with one turn of the Calvin cycle? 6

B. How many G3P molecules exit the Calvin cycle, thereby making it/them available for glucose production? 1

C. Why don’t all G3P molecules produced with one turn of the Calvin cycle exit the Calvin cycle, making them available for glucose production?

5 three carbon G3Ps are recycled, to regenerate 3 RuBP CO2 acceptor molecules so another turn of the Calvin cycle can occur

22. Explain why a poison that inhibits an enzyme of the Calvin cycle will also inhibit the light reactions.

ADP and NADP+ are required to make ATP and NADPH. Without these starting materials recycled from the Calvin cycle the light reactions could not proceed

23. 4. If you start with 12 molecules of CO2 at the beginning of the Calvin cycle, how many molecule of glucose could you make?

2 molecules of glucose can be produced.

3 CO2 enter the Calvin cycle at a time, resulting in one G3P (a 3-carbon molecule that can be used to make glucose). So the number of carbon atoms in the CO2 that enters the Calvin cycle (3 at a time) are made available for G3P production. Glucose is a 6-carbon molecule, so we need 2 G3Ps to make 1 glucose molecule. Therefore, 4 G3Ps are needed to make 2 glucose molecules. 3 CO2 are needed to make 1 G3P molecule, so 12 CO2 molecules would make 4 G3P molecules = 2 glucose molecules!

24. If you want to make 4 molecules of glucose, how many molecules of CO2 would you need?

Determine how many carbon atoms are in 4 molecules of glucose. Each glucose has 6 carbon molecules x 4 glucose molecules = 24 carbon atoms. So we would need 24 CO2 molecules to make 4 molecules of glucose.

25. In photosynthesis, the reduction of carbon dioxide to form glucose is carried out in a controlled series of reactions. In general, each step or reaction in the sequence requires the input of energy. The sun is the ultimate source of this energy.

Are the compounds listed here used, produced, or n/a (not applicable) in:

Light reactions

Photosystem II?

Light reactions

Photosystem I?

The Calvin cycle?

Glucose

n/a

n/a

produced

O2

produced

n/a

n/a

CO2

n/a

n/a

used

H2O

used

n/a

n/a

ATP

produced

n/a

used

ADP + P i

used

n/a

produced

NADPH

n/a

produced

used

NADP+

n/a

used

produced

Homework is Completed By:

Writer Writer Name Amount Client Comments & Rating
Instant Homework Helper

ONLINE

Instant Homework Helper

$36

She helped me in last minute in a very reasonable price. She is a lifesaver, I got A+ grade in my homework, I will surely hire her again for my next assignments, Thumbs Up!

Order & Get This Solution Within 3 Hours in $25/Page

Custom Original Solution And Get A+ Grades

  • 100% Plagiarism Free
  • Proper APA/MLA/Harvard Referencing
  • Delivery in 3 Hours After Placing Order
  • Free Turnitin Report
  • Unlimited Revisions
  • Privacy Guaranteed

Order & Get This Solution Within 6 Hours in $20/Page

Custom Original Solution And Get A+ Grades

  • 100% Plagiarism Free
  • Proper APA/MLA/Harvard Referencing
  • Delivery in 6 Hours After Placing Order
  • Free Turnitin Report
  • Unlimited Revisions
  • Privacy Guaranteed

Order & Get This Solution Within 12 Hours in $15/Page

Custom Original Solution And Get A+ Grades

  • 100% Plagiarism Free
  • Proper APA/MLA/Harvard Referencing
  • Delivery in 12 Hours After Placing Order
  • Free Turnitin Report
  • Unlimited Revisions
  • Privacy Guaranteed

6 writers have sent their proposals to do this homework:

Write My Coursework
Financial Analyst
Chartered Accountant
Assignment Hub
Top Writing Guru
Homework Tutor
Writer Writer Name Offer Chat
Write My Coursework

ONLINE

Write My Coursework

I am an academic and research writer with having an MBA degree in business and finance. I have written many business reports on several topics and am well aware of all academic referencing styles.

$28 Chat With Writer
Financial Analyst

ONLINE

Financial Analyst

I will provide you with the well organized and well research papers from different primary and secondary sources will write the content that will support your points.

$22 Chat With Writer
Chartered Accountant

ONLINE

Chartered Accountant

I have written research reports, assignments, thesis, research proposals, and dissertations for different level students and on different subjects.

$26 Chat With Writer
Assignment Hub

ONLINE

Assignment Hub

I have assisted scholars, business persons, startups, entrepreneurs, marketers, managers etc in their, pitches, presentations, market research, business plans etc.

$28 Chat With Writer
Top Writing Guru

ONLINE

Top Writing Guru

I am a PhD writer with 10 years of experience. I will be delivering high-quality, plagiarism-free work to you in the minimum amount of time. Waiting for your message.

$32 Chat With Writer
Homework Tutor

ONLINE

Homework Tutor

This project is my strength and I can fulfill your requirements properly within your given deadline. I always give plagiarism-free work to my clients at very competitive prices.

$20 Chat With Writer

Let our expert academic writers to help you in achieving a+ grades in your homework, assignment, quiz or exam.

Similar Homework Questions

The race chapter questions and answers - Measure - Circular flow in a simple economy - Discussion Presentation. Ms Powerpoint. - Li young lee from blossoms - Crocodile can't catch me song - Dq response - 2 coments each one 150 words (CITATION AND REFERENCE) - CIFDQ6-2 - Sex linked inheritance punnett square - Analytical chemistry instruments - Goal the dream begins movie worksheet - Is loneliness a theme - A 2: Frameworks and Models for School Nursing Practice, Levels of Prevention, Legislature - Underground mining practice test - Reading Responses(Less Than 1 Page) - A psalm of life meaning - Neutral vowel sound indicator crossword clue - That funny feeling bo burnham lyrics meaning - Exploding the moment - Reaction between ch3cooh and naoh - Groupon action required unusual account activity - Nursing - Orlando's Theory - Suntrust bank special handling - Honeywell estate agents clitheroe - Firm risk scorecard risk classification system - Mandatory reporting decision tree - Week 4 topics essay Essentials of Management - Difference between power divider and directional coupler - British airways reorganization in the 1980s - Action camera market share 2016 - 24 hour postural management guidelines - Chapter 16 Alterations in Blood Pressure - Their eyes were watching god questions - Century n70t cca rating - Wh questions in past - 3 phase transformer secondary current calculation - Access module 1 textbook project - Sunsmart policy for childcare centres - What is x cubed minus x squared - BI-2 - Baskin robbins stones corner - Assigm 5 IPT - Dean woodcock neuropsychological battery dwnb houghton mifflin harcourt - Naive bayes on iris dataset in r - Module 09 Quiz - Mexican movies by sandra cisneros - University of ottawa political science - Clark workplace civility index - The current assets section of the balance sheet should include - Hris needs analysis - Experiment to find resistivity of a wire - Chris macdonald's methodology - Singles table tennis rules - Blum minipress parts diagram - Acara australian curriculum science - Vcaa biology exam answers - Arrhenius vs bronsted lowry acids and bases - Vision max cinema formerly cinema 95 - Excel project - Criminal justice system assignment cjt101 - How do iron ore deposits form chegg - Weapons Webography - Eight planets in order - Ethics and technology herman t tavani pdf - 3 phase cable colours - Www pearsonhighered com cs resources - Nr 511 week 4 midterm - Amenable research topic to scientific study in qualitative approach - Ms project management - St david family practice - Van stone thermowell design - Red rag to a bull mythbusters - School of golf chapter 18 - Those who choose security over liberty deserve neither - City west leisure centre - Testing for cations and anions lab - Contesta las preguntas de alejandra. - Edmund emil kemper ii - Principles of Macroeconomics - How to overcome von neumann bottleneck - Its greek to me foster - Project PPT.. Deadline is 8/9/2020 5 pm CST - Narrow span of management leads to - Latec finance v knight - Animal walks for children - 10 6 standardized test prep circles and arcs - Case Study: Ethical Consultation - Life cycle of a star poster - Zopa com case study - Clearance in heat exchanger - Ilana industries inc needs a new lathe - Fn wk 8 - The turning chapter summary - Psychotherapy With group - 3 plate mold opening sequence - Women's lives a psychological exploration 3rd edition pdf download - Which of the following describes a system - Fema history timeline - Managerial hubris and ethical decision making