What happens when you add zinc to hydrochloric acid

Final Report

Exercise 1

CHEM 181 DL1 Acid-Base Chemistry

If a chemical formula contains H+, it is an acid. If a chemical formula contains OH-, it is a base.

1. When you created hypotheses to guess whether each chemical was an acid or base, what specif ically did you look for in the chemical f ormulas?

You could find if it were a weak or strong acid or base by looking at the pH paper. With the pH paper, you would be able to determine the substances pH value number and not just if it’s acidic or basic.

2. What is the value of using pH paper as an indicator?

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Data Table 1: Tests with pH Paper and BTB

To figure out the pH value we must add the BTB, green means it's natural, blue is base, and yellow is acidic. It’s useful to do this whenever you want to know if any chemical is acidic or basic.

3. What is the value of using BT B as an indicator? When might BT B be a better choice than pH paper?

HNO3 (aq)+ H2O(aq) ----> H3O^+ + NO3^-

4. Write the chemical equation of mixing nitric acid (HNO ) with water.3

NH3(aq) H2O ----->NH4^+(aq)+ OH^-(aq)

5. Write the chemical equation of mixing ammonia (NH ) with water.3

The conjugate bases of D and E are NO3^-and OH^-

6. What are the conjugate acids and conjugate bases of questions 4 and 5?

ID # - Chemical Name & Formula Hypothesis: Acid or Base

11A - Acetic acid (CH COOH)

11B - Nitric acid (HNO )

11C - Sulfuric acid (H SO )

3 Acid

3 Acid

2 4 Acid

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11D - Phosphoric acid (H PO )

11E - Sodium acetate (CH COONa)

11F - Sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO )

11G - Sodium dihydrogen phosphate (NaH PO )

11H - Sodium hydrogen sulfate (NaHSO )

12A - Sodium hydrogen sulfite (NaHSO )

12B - Limewater (Ca(OH) )

12C - Sodium phosphate (Na PO )

12D - Sodium hydrogen phosphate (Na HPO )

12E - Ammonium hydroxide (NH OH)

12F - Hydrochloric acid (HCl)

12G - Sodium carbonate (Na CO )

12H - Sodium hydroxide (NaOH)

ID # - Chemical Name & Formula pH

11A - Acetic acid (CH COOH)

11B - Nitric acid (HNO )

11C - Sulfuric acid (H SO )

11D - Phosphoric acid (H PO )

11E - Sodium acetate (CH COONa)

11F - Sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO )

3 4 Acid

3 Base

3 Acid

2 4

Base

4

Acid

3

Acid

2 Base

3 4 Base

2 4

Base

4 Base

Acid

2 3 Base

Base

3 2

3 3

2 4 3

3 4 2

3 7

3 8

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11G - Sodium dihydrogen phosphate (NaH PO )

11H - Sodium hydrogen sulfate (NaHSO )

12A - Sodium hydrogen sulfite (NaHSO )

12B - Limewater (Ca(OH) )

12C - Sodium phosphate (Na PO )

12D - Sodium hydrogen phosphate (Na HPO )

12E - Ammonium hydroxide (NH OH)

12F - Hydrochloric acid (HCl)

12G - Sodium carbonate (Na CO )

12H - Sodium hydroxide (NaOH)

ID # - Chemical Name & Formula BTB Color

11A - Acetic acid (CH COOH)

11B - Nitric acid (HNO )

11C - Sulfuric acid (H SO )

11D - Phosphoric acid (H PO )

11E - Sodium acetate (CH COONa)

11F - Sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO )

11G - Sodium dihydrogen phosphate (NaH PO )

11H - Sodium hydrogen sulfate (NaHSO )

12A - Sodium hydrogen sulfite

2 4

0

4

6

3

5

2 9

3 4 13

2 4

7

4 8

2

2 3 10

12

3 Yellow

3 Yellow

2 4 Yellow

3 4 Yellow

3 Blue

3 Blue

2 4

Yellow

4

Yellow

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(NaHSO )

12B - Limewater (Ca(OH) )

12C - Sodium phosphate (Na PO )

12D - Sodium hydrogen phosphate (Na HPO )

12E - Ammonium hydroxide (NH OH)

12F - Hydrochloric acid (HCl)

12G - Sodium carbonate (Na CO )

12H - Sodium hydroxide (NaOH)

ID # - Chemical Name & Formula Acid or Base?

11A - Acetic acid (CH COOH)

11B - Nitric acid (HNO )

11C - Sulfuric acid (H SO )

11D - Phosphoric acid (H PO )

11E - Sodium acetate (CH COONa)

11F - Sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO )

11G - Sodium dihydrogen phosphate (NaH PO )

11H - Sodium hydrogen sulfate (NaHSO )

12A - Sodium hydrogen sulfite (NaHSO )

12B - Limewater (Ca(OH) )

12C - Sodium phosphate (Na PO )

3 Yellow

2 Blue

3 4 Blue

2 4

Blue

4 Blue

Yellow

2 3 Blue

Blue

3 Acid

3 Acid

2 4 Acid

3 4 Acid

3 Base

3 Base

2 4

Acid

4

Acid

3

Acid

2 Base

3 4 Base

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Exercise 2

12D - Sodium hydrogen phosphate (Na HPO )

12E - Ammonium hydroxide (NH OH)

12F - Hydrochloric acid (HCl)

12G - Sodium carbonate (Na CO )

12H - Sodium hydroxide (NaOH)

2 4

Base

4 Base

Acid

2 3 Base

Base

Neutralization has happened when the resulting solution's pH will be less than 7. While looking at the reaction in the wells, you could see the BTB reacting with the chemical the color change can indicate the Neutralization has happed. But I think the most effective way was to use the pH test strip to determine the pH level to see if Neutralization has happed.

1. Visually analyze the wells in the plate. What information can be gleaned f rom each well based on the color of the BT B indicator af ter each reaction has occurred? How do you know if neutralization has occurred? Cite examples f rom the well plate reactions to support your answer.​

A neutralization reaction is when an acid and a base react to form water and a salt and involves the combination of H ions and OH ions to generate water. The neutralization of a strong acid and strong base has a pH equal to 7.

2. What f actors determine if neutralization occurs during an acid-base reaction?

+ -

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Data Table 2: Acid-Base Reactions

There is no motivation behind why the pH ought to be seven at the equivalence point except if the acid being titrated is a strong acid, and the base from the Burette is a solid base. On the off chance that you are titration a frail acid with a solid base, the items will be a weak base and an exceptionally weak acid. So, pH will be >7.

3. Is the pH at the equivalence point always equal to 7? Explain your answer based on your experimental observations. Include a discussion of equivalence point pH values for strong versus weak acids.

I feel that some the chemicals that were neutralized combined well with the BTB resulting in their chemical reaction to be neutral as it is neither acidic nor alkaline and some did not blend because it may have been a weak acid it does not dissociate fully when it is dissolved.

4. In all the chemical reaction performed in Exercise 2, neutralization occurs when the pH is neutral (7) or basic (>7). Did any of the reaction not result in a color change of the BT B indicator f rom yellow (acid) to blue (base)? Explain why neutralization may not have occurred in one or more reactions.

Well Plate Row 1

A, HCl pH=

B, CH CO H pH=

C,H SO pH=

D, H PO pH=

Well Plate Row 2

A, HCl pH=

B, CH CO H pH=

11

3 2 0

2 4 6

3 4 2

10

3 2 9

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C,H SO pH=

D, H PO pH=

Well Plate Row 3

A, HCl pH=

B, CH CO H pH=

C,H SO pH=

D, H PO pH=

Well Plate Row 4

A, HCl NaOH drops and pH=

B, CH CO H NaOH drops and pH=

C,H SO pH=

D, H PO pH=

Well Plate Row 5

A, HCl

B, CH CO H

C,H SO pH=

D, H PO pH

Well Plate Row 6

A, HCl

B, CH CO H

C,H SO NaOH drops and pH=

D, H PO

2 4 9

3 4 5

10

3 2 0

2 4 11

3 4 6

5

3 2 6

2 4 14

3 4 6

3 2

2 4 13

3 4 12

3 2

2 4 9

3 4

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Photo 1: Acid-Base Reactions Well Plate

Exercise 3

NaOH drops and pH=12

What I used were the pH strips to help me conclude whether the chemical/product I tested was acid or base.

1. What types of properties about the substance that you tested did you use to determine whether you thought it was an acid or base?

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Data Table 3: Household Acids and Bases

I was surprised by the coffee since the result came out to be neutral. I have always been told that it was acidic due to what it does to your teeth in long-term. But after thinking about it since there was cream in the coffee, it may have canceled the acidity in the coffee that would have made it an acid. Another one that I was surprised with was the Lysol since it is a cleaner, I thought it would be acidic to be able to clean thoroughly and remove all the grams.

2. Did any of your f indings surprise you? Why or why not?

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Household Substance Prediction: Acid, Base, or Neutral?

Household Substance pH

Household Substance Conclusion: Acid, Base, or Neutral

Coffee w/Cream Acid

Soda (Coke) Acid

Bleach Base

Lysol Acid

Isopropyl Acid

Coffee w/Cream 7

Soda (Coke) 3

Bleach 10

Lysol 7

Isopropyl 5

Coffee w/Cream Neutral

Soda (Coke) Acid

Bleach Base

Lysol Neutral

Isopropyl Acid