What statement best describes jefferson's attitude toward government

Becoming American: 1776-1800

1 — Creating a Republic

Recognize the unique features of the first U.S. government (1776-1789).

1. Which of the following best describes a republic?

· a.) A type of government in which people vote for representatives to make policy for them

· b.) A type of government in which leadership is passed down through inheritance

· c.) A type of government in which a strong central leader crafts policy for the citizenry

· d.) A type of government in which the people vote directly on policy, and the majority rules

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2. How would a Patriot suspicious of British tyranny be most likely to view the government under the Articles of Confederation?

· a.) As effective, because the states were united and the nation won its independence

· b.) As ineffective, because citizens voted for inexperienced representatives in Congress

· c.) As effective, because the national taxes imposed by the Articles erased the national debt

· d.) As ineffective, because Congress was unable to negotiate treaties with foreign powers

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3. Which of the following statements about voting rights in the newly formed state governments is true?

· a.) Most states gave all men the right to vote as long as they were citizens.

· b.) Some states allowed women to vote under certain circumstances.

· c.) The majority of citizens had a vote in state government.

· d.) Anyone who could vote in their own state could vote in national elections.

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2 — Drafting the Constitution

Identify the circumstances surrounding the drafting of the Constitution.

4. Which of the following circumstances led in part to the drafting of a new Constitution to replace the Articles of Confederation?

· a.) There was a threat of another war with Britain and the need for a central military.

· b.) Discontent and riots among the working class were present.

· c.) Many merchants were unable to meet their tax burdens and faced losing their businesses.

· d.) Shay's Rebellion successfully overthrew the Massachusetts government.

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5. Which of the following reasons most likely contributed to the Annapolis Convention's failure?

· a.) More time was needed to settle disagreements over the status of slaves.

· b.) Over half of the original states didn't even send delegates to participate.

· c.) Uprisings in Massachusetts caused it to end earlier than planned.

· d.) The majority of working-class voters wanted a democracy, not a republic.

6. The Great Compromise, also known as the Connecticut Compromise, settled which of the following disputes?

7.

· a.) Whether slaves should be counted toward the represented population of their state

· b.) Whether more populous states should have greater representation in the legislature

· c.) Whether the president should be elected by popular vote or chosen by the legislature

· d.) Whether farmers who participated in Shay's Rebellion should be relieved of their debts

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3 — Visions of Government

Recognize the similarities and differences between the federalists and the anti-federalists prior to the ratification of the Constitution.

8. Which of the following statements might have been said by a Federalist?

· a.) "The United States under the proposed Constitution will become too similar to England."

· b.) "A strong, central government will most effectively protect the rights of all its citizens."

· c.) “This proposed federal government is little different from being ruled by the British.”

· d.) "The wealthy and elite will use power to further their own interests at our expense."

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9. Which of the following statements best represents agreements between Federalists and Anti-Federalists?

· a.) "We want a form of government that will prevent tyranny, from which we just escaped."

· b.) "We want a form of government that contains a bill of rights to best protect individual liberty."

· c.) "We want a form of government that will use checks and balances to prevent mob rule."

· d.) "We want a form of government that will favor the working class, not the aristocracy."

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10. Which of the following statements might have been said by an Anti-Federalist?

· a.) "We must accept and ratify the Constitution that was written in Philadelphia."

· b.) "Checks and balances will adequately protect individuals and states from tyranny."

· c.) "Power should be concentrated in the hands of state governments to best protect the majority from tyranny."

· d.) "A centralized government will enable us to become a respected, independent nation."

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4 — Federalists in Power

Identify the disputes that characterized the years following the ratification of the Constitution.

11. Which statement most accurately reflects the views of Alexander Hamilton?

· a.) "It is unfair to require taxpayers in one state to help pay the debt of another state."

· b.) "It is unnecessary for the debts accrued during the war to be honored at all."

· c.) “To improve our nation’s reputation with creditors, we must pay all debts at face value.”

· d.) "The Constitution does not give Congress the authority to assume state debts."

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12. Which statement most accurately reflects the views of Thomas Jefferson?

· a.) “To pay our national debt, I propose that we sell government bonds to the public.”

· b.) “Our economic success, and the endurance of our republic, depends on landowning citizens.”

· c.) “We must correct income inequality to stabilize and strengthen the nation’s economy.”

· d.) "No state should have to repay the debts that they accrued during the war."

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13. The Bill of Rights was added to the Constitution as the result of disputes between which two people/groups?

· a.) The Senate and the House of Representatives

· b.) The legislative branch and the executive branch

· c.) Hamilton and Jefferson

· d.) Federalists and Anti-Federalists

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5 — Partisan Politics

Understand the controversy surrounding the presidencies of George Washington and John Adams and the transition to that of Thomas Jefferson.

14. On what grounds did Thomas Jefferson and James Adams oppose the Alien and Sedition Acts signed into law by John Adams?

· a.) They believed the acts violated the First Amendment right to free speech.

· b.) They believed the acts were designed to favor the working class at the expense of the rich.

· c.) They believed the acts explicitly criminalized the formation of political parties.

· d.) They believed the acts violated the separation of church and state.

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15. Why was the election of 1800, in which Thomas Jefferson succeeded John Adams, considered a "revolution?"

· a.) After a contested election and a tense decade, it marked the peaceful transition of power from one political party to another.

· b.) It ended in an unprecedented tie between Aaron Burr and Thomas Jefferson that had to be decided by duel.

· c.) President Adams was overthrown by military leaders and removed from office for his support of the Alien and Sedition Acts.

· d.) It led to Matthew Lyon and Roger Griswold fighting on the floor of the House, and a duel in which Alexander Hamilton was killed.

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16. What was John Adams's response to challenges to federal authority during his administration?

· a.) Drafting a resolution stating that laws which violated constitutional rights could be nullified

· b.) Signing laws that limited immigrants' rights and set penalties for criticizing the government

· c.) Creating the Democratic-Republican party to oppose Thomas Jefferson and his supporters

· d.) Refusing to run for a second term in the election of 1800

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6 — Think About It: How Do Historians View the Constitutional Convention?

Recognize elements of the ongoing historical debate over the Constitutional Convention.

Historians interpret the Constitutional Convention in different ways and through different lenses. 16. Which of the following statements would most historians likely agree on?

· a.) The Constitution was an inevitable and necessary continuation of the revolution against tyranny.

· b.) The Constitution represented the best interest of all Americans, regardless of race, class or gender.

· c.)The Constitution created a tyrannical government that favored social and economic elites.

· d.) The Constitution has thus far stood the test of time, albeit with some amendments.

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17. Which of the following statements supports the argument that the Constitutional Convention was an “ongoing revolution?"

· a.) The delegates to the Constitutional Convention sought to create a national government that would primarily support the interests of business, investments and the elite.

· b.) The system of checks and balances within the three branches of government would prevent any single interest from forming a tyrannical majority.

· c.) The majority of members of Congress were not interested in and did not support the creation of a totally new national government.

· d.) The Constitutional Convention disregarded the Articles of Confederation and attempted to repel the democratic movements occurring in the states.

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18. Which of the following statements supports the argument that the Constitutional Convention was a “conservative coup d’état?"

· a.) Delegates did their utmost to preserve American independence and the ideals of republicanism.

· b.) The Constitutional Convention was a necessary attempt to defend the American Revolution against failure.

· c.) The creation of executive, legislative and judicial branches of government was sufficient to protect the interests of all Americans.

· d.) The Constitutional Convention bypassed procedures outlined in the Articles of Confederation for amending government.

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THE EARLY NATION: 1800-1824

1 — Looking East

Identify the circumstances associated with American independence in the broader European world.

19. What was an effect of Jay's Treaty on the relationship between the United States and Great Britain?

· a.) It ended trade relations between the United States and Great Britain.

· b.) It helped to unify American politics and mend some of the rifts that had developed in the 1790s.

· c.) It formally allied the United States with Great Britain in Britain's war with France.

· d.) It exacerbated tensions between the Democratic Republicans and Federalists.

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20. Which of the following events led to the Barbary Wars?

· a.) Stephen Decatur raided Tripoli's harbor on behalf of the United States.

· b.) Jay's Treaty sought repayment for captured American ships.

· c.) Thomas Jefferson refused to increase U.S. tribute to Tripoli.

· d.) Genet encouraged Americans to attack British and Spanish territory.

21. Which of the following statements about the French Revolution might have been said by a Democratic-Republican?

· a.) "We fear this radicalism may inspire uprisings in America."

· b.) "We must support Great Britain if we want to maintain trade relations."

· c.)"The policies embraced by our opposing party will lead the United States to anarchy."

· d.) "We must support the French, whose struggle for liberty mirrors our own."

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2 — Looking West

Recognize the ideas, issues, and effects of westward expansion in the early 19th century.

22. Which of the following would Jefferson have viewed as a positive effect of westward expansion in the early 19th century?

· a.) Rapid industrialization in areas west of the Mississippi River

· b.) Increased debates over the spread of slavery

· c.) The ability to become an independent farmer and landowner

· d.) A better understanding of Native American culture and society

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23. Which of the following complicated Jefferson's ability to create an "empire of liberty" in the West?

· a.) The Louisiana Purchase, which added millions of acres of new land

· b.) Land ordinances, which subdivided land for sale

· c.) Slave owners, who eyed western lands for the production of cash crops

· d.) The Northwest Ordinance, which established a process for new states to join the union

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24. When Thomas Jefferson referred to Western expansion and the “empire of liberty,” what did he mean?

· a.) Native Americans should be allowed to maintain their tribal territories.

· b.) Americans should move westward to expand republican principles.

· c.) Western landowners should agree to some oversight from the government.

· d.) New western territories should remain forever slave-free.

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3 — The War of 1812

Identify the components of the War of 1812.

25. Which of the following led in part to the War of 1812?

· a.) Suspicion of British involvement with Native American unrest in the Ohio River Valley

· b.) A renewed alliance between the United States and France

· c.) Revenge for damage done to Britain's economy by the Embargo Act

· d.) William Henry Harrison’s invasion and temporary capture of Canada

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26. Which of the following was a result of the War of 1812?

· a.) A slump in American nationalism and pride

· b.) A sharp decrease in Native American resistance in the Northwest Territory

· c.) The purchase of Louisiana from France

· d.) The practice of impressment, whereby captured Americans were forced into the Royal Navy

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27. Which of the following statements is true?

· a.) The U.S. gained control over most of Canada from Britain as a result of the Treaty of Ghent.

· b.) Andrew Jackson's loss at the Battle of New Orleans was a crucial turning point in the war.

· c.) Francis Scott Key created many nationalistic paintings depicting the valor of American sailors.

· d.) There were calls for New England to secede from the United States during the War of 1812.

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4 — Market Revolution and Economic Changes

Recognize the elements of the early-19th-century market revolution.

28. Which of the following statements about the putting-out system is true?

· a.) The putting-out system took a toll on both farm families and merchants, who had to work more to make less, but it helped the nation compete with Britain.

· b.) The putting-out system benefited farm families, who came to dominate the economy but at the expense of merchants, who had to find new ways to earn profits.

· c.) The putting-out system benefited merchants, who were able to cut down on production costs, but at the expense of farm families, who could not compete.

· d.) The putting-out system benefited merchants, who were able to cut down on production costs, as well as farm families, who were able to earn extra income.

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29. Which of the following did many young women see as a negative aspect of working in the Lowell mills?

· a.) The women worked 12-hour shifts and had only one hour of free time every day.

· b.) Employers kept in close communication with fathers, who still had complete authority over the young women.

· c.) Most young women were not emotionally prepared to be away from their families.

· d.) The women had to send all their wages home and could keep nothing for themselves.

30. Which of the following events did the most to spur the development of industrialized textile manufacturing in the early United States?

· a.) The organization of primitive labor unions in towns like Lowell, Massachusetts

· b.) The Embargo of 1807 and the War of 1812

· c.) The American Revolution

· d.) The transition of power from Federalists to Democratic-Republicans

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5 — The Promise and Limits of Democracy

Understand the correlation between the decline of deference in American society, the disappearance of the Federalist Party, and the spread of democracy.

31. Which of the following statements about the rise of democracy is true?

· a.) As voting rights became less strict, property ownership remained an essential qualification.

· b.) Unmarried women were initially allowed to vote in New Jersey, but they lost that right in the early 19th century.

· c.) Massachusetts had the most liberal voting laws, as it let women and free blacks vote before any other state.

· d.) Black men gradually earned the right to vote in many of the northern states between 1800 and 1838.

32. How did western settlement lead to more relaxed voting laws in the original states?

· a.) Western states' use of liberal voting laws led to the Supreme Court forcing eastern states to guarantee the same rights for their citizens.

· b.) Western states used liberal voting laws to attract settlers, which put pressure on eastern states that didn't want to lose too many people.

· c.) As western states grew in population and power, they lobbied for a constitutional amendment that would grant voting rights to all citizens.

· d.) To promote western settlement, eastern states promised to relax their voting requirements for anyone who pledged to move.

33. Which of the following quotations represents the Federalists' attitude toward deference?

· a.) "The property requirement to vote should be abolished."

· b.) "Men of proven virtue should be empowered to lead the nation."

· c.) "A true republic requires the greatest number of voices."

· d.) "All people should have the right to vote, regardless of race, class or gender."

6 — Think About It: How Was American Culture Changing?

Identify quotations and the cultural movements of the early 19th century they support.

34. Which of the following quotations best represents the cultural attitudes associated with the Temperance movement?

· a.) "Politics and public discourse must be reserved for only the most virtuous among us."

· b.) "Religious rhetoric that emphasizes personal conversion reflects Revolutionary ideas about individualism."

· c.) "Campaigning against slavery has given us a public voice we lacked before now."

· d.) “We must ban the excessive use of alcohol and protect society from its ill effects.”

“We are taking on a more public role in civic life and extending our moral guardianship outwards from the home." 35. Which cultural shift from the early 19th century does this quotation represent?

· a.) Women's activism

· b.) The Second Great Awakening

· c.) The Temperance movement

· d.) The antislavery movement

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35. Which of the following quotations best represents the cultural attitudes associated with the Second Great Awakening?

· a.) "Alcohol-related violence and public disturbances threaten the future of our nation."

· b.) "We will use our recently-won right to vote to support or oppose specific people and programs."

· c.) "Some aspects of society may be crumbling, but individual salvation is the key to reform."

· d.) "We feel strongly that a democratic society cannot uphold racial slavery as a principle."

JACKSONIAN ERA: 1824-1840

1 — The Sectional Crisis and the ʺCorrupt Bargainʺ of 1824

Recognize the significance of major political events in the 1820s.

36. Why was the Missouri Crisis important?

· a.) It demonstrated the ability of the common man to stand against the powerful.

· b.) It banned slavery from any territory west of the Mississippi, putting to rest the controversy over slavery.

· c.) It led to support for a one-party voting system and the death of the Federalist party.

· d.) It established rules for the expansion of slavery in the Louisiana Purchase.

37. Why was the Election of 1824 important?

· a.) It showed a growing division among the people over the issue of slavery.

· b.) It shifted the balance of power between northern free states and southern slave states.

· c.) It was perceived as highly undemocratic by Andrew Jackson's supporters.

· d.) It marked the emergence of women as a political force.

38. Why was the "Corrupt Bargain" of 1824 important?

· a.) It resulted in a one-party political system that suppressed criticism and alternative ideas.

· b.) It angered voters who felt that the democratic process had been thwarted by elite interests.

· c.) It demonstrated that the Constitution wasn't prepared to handle a presidential candidate not winning a majority of votes.

· d.) It prevented slavery north of a certain line but allowed it to expand in the south.

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2 — The Election of 1828 and the Rise of Andrew Jackson

Characterize the nature of democratic politics under the presidencies of John Quincy Adams and Andrew Jackson.

39. Which of the following statements about the 1828 tariff is true?

· a.) It exacerbated regional tensions because southerners viewed it as benefitting northern manufacturers at their expense.

· b.) It was proposed by Andrew Jackson, who was invested in promoting domestic industry.

· c.) It was strongly condemned by John Quincy Adams's administration, who viewed it as harmful to the American System.

· d.) It was universally supported because it was viewed as a benefitting the "common man."

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40. Which of the following statements about political tensions during the Jackson administration is true?

· a.) Jackson worked to promote national infrastructure like roads and canals.

· b.) Jackson rejected the idea of states' rights to nullify federal law.

· c.) Jackson sought to expand the power and scope of the federal government.

· d.) Jackson made repealing tariffs a top priority for his administration.

41. Which of the following statements about the 1828 election is true?

· a.) Jackson was elected to represent "the common man."

· b.) Jackson was only elected after Adams dropped out of the race.

· c.) Jackson was elected without winning the popular vote.

· d.) Jackson was elected largely because of populous New England.

3 — The Bank War and the Rise of the Second Party System

Identify statements that represent the political parties that emerged in the Second Party System.

42. Which of the following statements would most likely have been spoken by a member of the new Whig party?

· a.) "Many of our members support social and moral causes such as the Temperance movement."

· b.) "Our party has grown because of the elimination of property qualifications for voting for all men."

· c.) “We continue to consider ourselves the defenders of the common man.”

· d.) "We do not believe that the federal government should be involved in engineering economic growth."

43. Which of the following statements would most likely have been spoken by a Democrat during the Jacksonian era?

· a.) “Our party grew out of opposition to Andrew Jackson and his policies.”

· b.) "We are convinced that the national bank is popular with voters, and the president should bend to the will of the people."

· c.) "The government's right to establish a national bank is supported by the Constitution and is necessary for national economic stability."

· d.) "A national bank is an institution that exists only for the benefit of elite businessmen and merchants."

44. Which of the following statements would most likely have been spoken by a supporter of Andrew Jackson?

· a.) “I believe government should be involved in social and moral causes.”

· b.) “We endorse federal support of internal improvements.”

· c.) "The federal government should not be used as an instrument of power for moneyed interests."

· d.) “Some members of my party seek to improve the lives of those victimized by capitalism.”

4 — The Northern Economy

Identify the roles that various improvements played in the northern economy.

45. Which of the following was a major economic shift in the north in the early 19th century?

· a.) Innovations and technological advancements raised the cost of consumer goods, making many of them too expensive for northern households.

· b.) The emergence of capitalism created a society in which wealth was shared equally.

· c.) Fewer people believed that citizens could self-improve through education and hard work.

· d.) Better transportation, along with the rise of capitalism, altered traditional modes of production.

46. Which of the following was a major economic shift in the north in the early 19th century?

· a.) Northern states received huge sums of money from the federal government to build canals and turnpikes.

· b.) Agriculture and food production replaced industry as the backbone of the economy.

· c.) Better transportation led to the growth of the countryside, as more people left the cities.

· d.) The invention and application of interchangeable parts significantly increased agricultural production.

47. Which of the following was a major economic shift in the north in the early 19th century?

· a.) The north abandoned free-labor ideology just as the ideology was gaining influence in the south.

· b.) The construction of turnpikes allowed for even faster transport of goods and people than railroads did.

· c.) Traditional methods of production became mechanized and integrated into factories.

· d.) North-to-south river trade routes gradually replaced east-to-west railroads and roads.

5 — The Southern Economy

Recognize the circumstances of the southern economy prior to the Civil War.

48. Which of the following statements about the southern economy before the Civil War is true?

· a.) "King Cotton" was a fictional Alabama plantation owner used in northern propaganda.

· b.) The construction of textile mills in the north increased demand for cotton from the south.

· c.) Slavery remained concentrated on the east coast because it was forbidden to spread west.

· d.)

The demand for cotton fell steadily throughout the first half of the 19th century, even though the southern economy depended on it.

49. Which of the following statements reflects planter paternalism?

· a.) "An overreliance on one type of worker will decrease wages and potential income for others."

· b.) "We take care of our workers from birth until death, unlike other societies, which neglect their poor."

· c.) "If not subjugated, the African race will overrun this nation and take control of its government."

· d.) "Slavery benefits all white Southerners who share equally in the profits of the plantation economy."

50. Which of the following statements about southern slave owners is true?

· a.) Many slave owners argued that their slaves were better off under their protection.

· b.) Southerners who did not own slaves likewise did not benefit from the system of slavery endemic to the region.

· c.) At heart, all slave owners recognized slavery as exploitative and contrary to liberty.

· d.) Many slave owners sold off their slaves because the cotton gin made slave labor unnecessary for cotton production.

6 — Think About It: What Were the Consequences of Indian Removal?

Identify the causes and effects of the Indian Removal Act of 1830.

51. Which of the following was a cause of Indian Removal from the American South?

· a.) Andrew Jackson supported Native Americans remaining in the southeast, but his party viewed them as a threat to state sovereignty.

· b.) Many whites perceived Native Americans as savages who could never truly assimilate.

· c.) The Cherokee Nation refused to adapt to the presence of whites in the region.

· d.) The Cherokee Nation had petitioned the Supreme Court to declare it an autonomous nation.

52. Which of the following was a cause of Indian Removal from the American South?

· a.) Suspicions that the Cherokee were assisting runaway slaves.

· b.) The death of thousands of Cherokee on the Trail of Tears.

· c.) The emergence of some Native American tribes as sustainable economic competitors threatened white developers.

· d.) The Supreme Court case Worcester v. Georgia

53. Which of the following was an effect of the Indian Removal Act on the American South?

· a.) Removing Native Americans from the Southeast opened up more areas for white agriculture.

· b.) Many Native Americans chose to work as slaves rather than be removed from their lands.

· c.) Removal of Native Americans created a labor vacuum that only slavery could fill.

· d.) Southern voters rejected Andrew Jackson and the Democratic Party in the election of 1832.