Which artist is credited with inventing the tenebroso technique

The Language of Art #1

1. The Venus of Willendorf was a sculpture of a

A. female fertility figure.

B. Buddha.

C. goddess.

D. shaman.

2. Why is the Vietnam Veterans Memorial in Washington, D.C., said to be the most moving war memorial

ever built?

A. It's a work of art that has the power to touch the emotions of the spectator.

B. It was designed by a young female architecture student and not a government committee.

C. It's highly abstract and unlike the realistic memorials that one sees in parks and town greens around the United States.

D. It's located not far from Frederick Hart's bronze Statue for Vietnam Veterans Memorial.

3. In which of the following paintings is the technique of sfumato lighting used?

A. Bonaventura's Saint Francis Preaching to the Birds

B. Leonardo da Vinci's Mona Lisa

C. Manet's Le Déjeuner sur l'herbe

D. Watteau's Return from Cythera

4. Which of the following is a component of every great work of art?

A. An original vision of the world

B. A realistic presentation of factual material

C. Brushstrokes that clearly define spatial limits

D. Images that are recognized as beautiful

5. Outside of Western culture, the _______ saw art as priceless during the Middle Ages.

A. Japanese

B. sub-Saharan Africans

C. Russians

D. Chinese

6. _______ creates movement in a piece.

A. Mass

B. Space

C. Light

D. Line

7. The Italian term sprezzatura refers to

A. strong angles with harsh colors.

B. soft light.

C. aloofness and aristocratic refinement and calm.

D. neutral color.

8. What significant compositional feature do Bramante's Tempietto and a Buddhist mandala have in

common?

A. Vanishing-point perspective unifies both.

B. Both are ordered around a central point.

C. They're both good example of artworks with figure-ground ambiguity.

D. Both feature rectilinear formal elements.

9. Representations of Leonardo da Vinci's Mona Lisa appear in several twentieth-century artworks,

including

A. Willem de Kooning's Woman and Bicycle.

B. Saar's The Liberation of Aunt Jemima.

C. Kahlo's The Little Deer.

D. Duchamp's L.H.O.O.Q.

10. Which of the following twentieth-century artists believed in a philosophy of art that stressed

expressiveness, used colors to communicate emotion, and maintained that art should hint rather than be

dogmatic?

A. Georgia O'Keeffe

B. Andy Warhol

C. Willem de Kooning

D. Jean Baptiste Camille Corot

11. Brunelleschi's experiments with a mirror and a painted copy of a mirror image of the Florence

baptistery led to his discovery of

A. the rule of divergence in perception.

B. a means of creating the illusion of the third dimension.

C. the principle of optic inversion.

D. multiple-viewpoint perspective.

12. Classical Greek artworks are not usually regarded as expressions of

A. athletic strength and physical beauty.

B. realism balanced with idealism.

C. a balance of surrealism and rationalism.

D. monumental vigor and spiritual growth.

13. The unique quality of folk art is that it's

A. an artist's quick impression of a subject.

B. more primitive than any other art form.

C. an expression of the artist's experience.

D. created by an untrained artist.

14. The new method of organizing space developed by Georges Braque and Pablo Picasso is called

A. Minimalism.

B. Impressionism.

C. Cubism.

D. Expressionism.

15. What was one of the techniques Leonardo used to create the illusion that the Mona Lisa was a real

person?

A. His commitment to precise reality made the figure look real.

B. By not lining up the background on either side, he generated movement in her shoulders.

C. He used loose, expressive brushstrokes to enliven the figure.

D. He used chiaroscuro to add volume and depth to her body and light to her eyes.

16. George Caleb Bingham's Raftsmen Playing Cards is an example of _______ perspective.

A. one-point

B. atmospheric

C. radial

D. foreshortening

17. The main reason an artist creates a piece of art is for

A. monetary rewards.

B. expression of magical thinking.

C. making political statements.

D. self-expression.

18. What is the connection between religion and art?

A. Shamans and priests were the first artists.

B. People believe that art awakens their senses.

C. People express their beliefs in physical forms, such as statues and paintings.

D. Early civilizations recognized the power of art to touch human emotions.

19. Works of art that can be viewed from all sides and have height, width, and depth are

A. abstract.

B. arbitrary.

End of exam

C. three-dimensional.

D. two-dimensional.

20. An artist can direct the viewer's attention to a particular area of a painting by using

A. sympathy of form and color.

B. parallel lines that follow the horizon.

C. crossed lines that converge on one location.

D. a sense of rhythm and movement.

The Artist's Materials and Tools #2

1. Pigment mixed with egg yolks is called

A. fresco.

B. glaze.

C. impasto.

D. tempera.

2. What did Rembrandt van Rijn use on Sleeping Woman to dilute his wash and add tonal values to his

drawing?

A. Paint and water

B. Blood and water

C. Ink and water

D. Paste and water

3. Stiff, thick paint that reveals brushstrokes is called

A. impasto.

B. tempera.

C. gouache.

D. glaze.

4. In Japan, animation is known as

A. konnichiwa.

B. anime.

C. o-namae.

D. nihongo hanasemasen.

5. The oldest form of intaglio printmaking is called

A. relief printmaking.

B. wood.

C. engraving.

D. lithograph.

6. It wouldn't have been possible to build a building such as London's Crystal Palace in the eighteenth

century because

A. iron hadn't yet been developed as a building material.

B. advanced structural construction methods were unknown.

C. appropriate glass-making techniques were not yet known.

D. innovative building techniques weren't encouraged before 1850.

7. If Gianlorenzo Bernini's Apollo and Daphne were to be moved from the Galleria Borghese in Rome

where it now stands into the Ufizzi Gallery, the most ideal place to install it would be

A. on the west wall of a gallery with other Renaissance marbles.

B. in the center of a gallery.

C. anywhere in a gallery, provided it was with other sixteenth-century marble statues.

D. on the east wall of a gallery with other Renaissance marbles.

8. What kinds of columns were used in the design of the Parthenon?

A. Adobe

B. Corinthian

C. Doric

D. Arched

9. Which artist used memories of his or her childhood in North Carolina to create a collage?

A. Barbara Kruger

B. Kiki Smith

C. Romare Bearden

D. William Hogarth

10. Which of the following artists was not involved in the creation of Saint Peter's Basilica and the Vatican?

A. Carlo Maderno

B. Giacomo della Porta

C. Leonardo da Vinci

D. Michelangelo

11. Which of the following decorative arts and crafts was regarded as one of the highest forms of art in the

twelfth century by the Chinese?

A. Ceramics

B. Quilting

C. Stained glass

D. Tapestry

12. Modeling a flexible material like clay is a/an _______ type of sculptural method.

A. additive

B. casting

C. lost wax

D. subtractive

13. The photographs made by the artist _______ are considered obscene by some.

A. Robert Mapplethorpe

B. Edward Weston

C. Timothy O'Sullivan

D. Dorothea Lange

14. _______ is the artist who invented the mobile.

A. Alexander Calder

B. Robert Smithson

C. Jean Tinguely

D. Joseph Beuys

15. The Eiffel Tower was designed by Gustave Eiffel, who was a/an

A. bridge builder.

B. sculptor.

C. landscape designer.

D. architect.

16. When was acrylic paint first used?

A. 1850s

B. 1300s

C. 1700s

D. 1950s

17. Wood engravings such as those created by Gustave Doré for Samuel Coleridge's The Rime of the

Ancient Mariner are good examples of

A. relief prints.

B. lithographs.

C. intaglio prints.

D. etchings.

18. Modern Chinese and Japanese artists model the centuries-old brush techniques after those of

A. Maya Ying Lin.

B. Daguerre.

C. Wu Chen.

D. Zhan Wang.

19. What is the quality of the site upon which the Parthenon was built that underlines the ancient-Greek

belief that such a building speaks of human intellect, separate and above earthly concerns?

A. It has direct access to the sea.

B. It's a hill above the city.

End of exam

C. It's the oldest district of Athens.

D. It's the site on which Athena was born.

20. A painter combines color pigment with water and brushes it directly on wet plaster. This technique is

called

A. oil paint.

B. tempera paint.

C. gouache.

D. fresco.

Ancient, Classical, and Medieval Art #3

1. During the Hellenistic Age, an elaborate style of column, which was topped with a capital of sprouting

leaves, became popular. This column was called

A. Corinthian.

B. Doric.

C. Ionic.

D. Iambic.

2. A pointed arch, ribbed vaults, exterior buttresses, and stained glass describe _______ architecture.

A. Classical

B. Gothic

C. Romanesque

D. Byzantine

3. What is the basic shape of a Christian church of the Middle Ages?

A. Rhombus

B. Latin cross

C. Quatrefoil

D. Pentagon

4. A pyramid is an Egyptian

A. tomb.

B. catacomb.

C. arena.

D. church.

5. The _______ cathedral is considered to be the most perfect example of Gothic architecture.

A. Amiens

B. Chartres

C. Notre Dame

D. Sainte Chapelle

6. Which type of artwork developed and flourished during the Roman Classical period?

A. Mural painting

B. Realistic portrait busts

C. Colorful ceramics

D. Stained-glass windows

7. Greek statues appear more naturalistic, or _______, than statues of previous cultures, such as those of

the Egyptians.

A. beautiful

B. athletic

C. nude

D. lifelike

8. Mosaics are made of

A. dabs of various colored paints.

B. columns of light.

C. tiny pieces of colored stone or tiles.

D. panels of color.

9. Which of the following types of decoration was often used in Italian churches during the Middle Ages?

A. Intricate tapestries

B. Stained-glass windows

C. Painted wooden altarpieces

D. Sculpted marble doors

10. What is the opening in the ceiling of the Pantheon called?

A. Rotunda

B. Orifice

C. Oculus

D. Olho

11. The Hagia Sophia in Constantinople is a remarkable example of

A. a church transformed into a mosque.

B. early Gothic architecture.

C. a mosque that dates from the seventh century.

D. a mosque that was transformed into a church.

12. Which of the following powerful forces does Shiva Nataraja, Lord of the Dance not symbolize?

A. Conservation

B. Love

C. Destruction

D. Creation

13. A long, rectangular room in a Christian church during the early Middle Ages was called a

A. nave.

B. transept.

C. trumeau.

D. barrel vault.

14. The _______ is the central pillar of the main doorway of a Romanesque church.

A. Doric column

B. stupa

C. trumeau

D. mosaic

15. The eastern half of the Roman Empire produced what's known as ________ art.

A. Byzantine

B. Hindu

C. Islamic

D. Classical

16. Which of the following architectural features is not typically Gothic?

A. Pointed arch

B. Flying buttress

C. Massive rotunda

D. Ribbed vault

17. A unique architectural feature of the Hagia Sophia is its

A. transept.

B. trumeau.

C. mihrab.

D. minaret.

18. Which of the following warrior tribes did not settle in England following the fall of the Roman Empire?

A. Saxons

B. Angles

C. Jutes

D. Franks

19. The religious architecture of the early Hindu people was

A. usually built from stone blocks.

B. created by modifying existing Buddhist temples.

C. frequently built with cedar timbers.

D. not so much constructed, but carved.

20. Trade and cultural interaction between the ancient cultures of Africa, Europe, and Asia were possible

End of exam

because of

A. their proximity to the Mediterranean Sea.

B. advanced linguistic developments in Asia Minor.

C. innovative transportation advances made under Justinian.

D. the Pax Romana, beginning with the birth of the Roman Empire.

Renaissance and Baroque Art #4

1. Which one of the following artists invented impasto?

A. Leonardo da Vinci

B. Titian

C. Raphael

D. Donatello

2. What was Vigée-Lebrun best known for?

A. Prints

B. Sculpture

C. Portraits

D. Landscapes

3. Even if we didn't know anything about the artist who created Giovanni Arnolfini and His Bride, it

would be safe to say, after examining the surfaces represented in the painting, that it was created by a

_______ European.

A. southern

B. western

C. eastern

D. northern

4. What was the highest goal of the Mannerist artists?

A. Elegance

B. Formal technique

C. Witty social commentary

D. Unique use of color

5. Which one of the following artists was held in high esteem by the popes?

A. Hans Holbein

B. Andrea Palladio

C. Lorenzo Ghiberti

D. Gianlorenzo Bernini

6. One of the primary consequences of the Council of Trent in art and architecture was that

A. Catholic art became increasingly two-dimensional.

B. Protestant art became more realistic.

C. Roman Catholic art concerned itself more with the spectator's emotions.

D. the Catholic church strengthened its position as an art censor.

7. The fact that the figures in Leonardo da Vinci's The Virgin of the Rocks are arranged in a figure triangle

gives the painting

A. clear market value.

B. immediate viewer appeal.

C. structural strength.

D. a strong sense of immediacy.

8. Pope Julius II originally commissioned Michelangelo to

A. sculpt his tomb.

B. paint the Sistine Chapel.

C. sculpt the Pietà.

D. sculpt the statue of David.

9. One of the most significant achievements of Albrecht Dürer was to

A. sketch from nature, studying its most delicate details.

B. make the print a fine art form.

C. travel to Italy to study the great works of the Italian Renaissance.

D. write treatises on painting, perspective, and human proportions.

10. What was the nickname of the artist Domenikos Theotokopoulos?

A. Titian

B. Fra Domenico

C. El Greco

D. Cimabue

11. Giotto's Lamentation in the Arena Chapel in Padua is remarkable primarily because

A. of the colors used to convey allegorical meaning.

B. the characters in the painting are presented as individuals.

C. it's one of the first religious oil paintings with real human figures.

D. Giotto painted it in one sitting and made no revisions to the completed work.

12. What quality do the paintings of Titian possess because of his use of the impasto technique in painting?

A. Sensuality

B. Restraint

C. Religiosity

D. Piety

13. Bernini's David, unlike Michelangelo's, shows David

A. in motion.

B. at rest.

C. as a thinking man.

D. as a strong Warrior.

14. Which one of the following artists sculpted a statue of David?

A. Donatello

B. Andrea Palladio

C. Raphael

D. Lorenzo Ghiberti

15. Which artist solved a unique engineering challenge while still achieving awe-inspiring beauty in regards

to the Dome of the Florence Cathedral?

A. Michelangelo

B. Donatello

C. Brunelleschi

D. Rembrandt

16. Which of the following subjects would lend itself to the use of the tenebroso manner of painting?

A. A little girl on a swing in the sun

B. A boating scene on a bright summer day

C. A secret meeting between two conspirators

D. A flower garden in full bloom

17. The use of light and dark to create dramatic contrast is called

A. impasto.

B. chiaroscuro.

C. sfumato.

D. tenebroso.

18. Which one of the following led the Protestant Reformation?

A. Martin Luther

B. Pope Julius II

C. Lorenzo Ghiberti

D. Lorenzo de' Medici

19. Which device was not used by Caravaggio to create a theatrical effect in his paintings?

A. Dramatic gestures

B. Bold brushstrokes

C. Stark lighting

D. Dark shadows

End of exam

20. The Villa Rotunda has been a model for architects in every century since it was built in the 1500s. This

building was designed by

A. da Vinci.

B. Michelangelo.

C. Raphael.

D. Palladio

Neoclassical to Surrealistic Art #5

1. Monet achieved heightened color effects by

A. placing colors side by side rather than mixing them.

B. painting outdoors.

C. using dots of colors.

D. painting only in the sunlight.

2. Which of the following inventions opened new doors for early twentieth-century artists?

A. Paint tubes

B. Synthetic pigments

C. Air brushes

D. Nylon brushes

3. Which one of the following artists painted The Great Wave?

A. Kitagawa Utamaro

B. Claude Monet

C. Katsushika Hokusai

D. Angelica Kauffmann

4. Which of the following painters was often seen wearing male attire?

A. Rosa Bonheur

B. Paulina Borghese

C. Berthe Morisot

D. Angelica Kauffman

5. Fundamental to the artistic credo and practice of the Fauvist painters was the belief that

A. academic forms and structures can't be set aside in the name of color.

B. naturalistic colors take precedence over arbitrary colors.

C. equilibrium in a painting is achieved through the use of Renaissance perspective.

D. arranging and balancing raw hues can achieve equilibrium throughout the work.

6. Which of these painters is well known for portraying scenes of French night life?

A. Gustave Courbet

B. Claude Monet

C. Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec

D. Berthe Morisot

7. Which of the following was true of the Age of Reason?

A. People used science to explain social experiences.

B. People debated the raison d'être.

C. People justified their faith using scientific principles.

D. People valued science over faith.

8. Fine art prints from which of these countries influenced the development of twentieth-century art?

A. China

B. Tahiti

C. Japan

D. India

9. The artist _______ trained to be a lawyer.

A. Emil Nolde

B. Pablo Picasso

C. Henri Matisse

D. Paul Gauguin

10. Which one of the following artists believed perspective was a lie?

A. Pierre-Auguste Renoir

B. Claude Monet

C. Paul Cézanne

D. Vincent van Gogh

11. What were Realists inspired by?

A. Political issues

B. Contemporary scientific study

C. Reinterpretation of myths

D. Problems in the world

12. The main objective of Neoclassicism was to

A. glorify God.

B. depict a historical moment.

C. present a moral lesson.

D. present a Bible story.

13. Which of the following artists declared that artists should "paint things not as they are, but as they feel

them"?

A. Édouard Manet

B. Vincent van Gogh

C. Paul Cézanne

D. Pierre-Auguste Renoir

14. Which artist developed the painting method of Pointillism?

A. Seurat

B. Renoir

C. Manet

D. Monet

15. Paul Gauguin left Paris and moved to _______ to paint.

A. America

B. Tahiti

C. England

D. Japan

16. Which subject matter was a specialty of Jacques-Louis David?

A. Historical events

B. Seascapes

C. Peasant scenes

D. Nature scenes

17. Which French leader was embarrassed by a sculpture of himself naked?

A. Napoleon

B. Louis XIV

C. Charlemagne

D. Marat

18. In his celebrated "Manifesto of Futurism," Filipo Tomasso Marinetti expressed the belief that

A. the traditional cultural forms and arts are valueless.

B. painting, but not sculpture, is not to be bound by traditional art theory.

C. art and technology are independent human expressions.

D. that sculpture should be regarded as the leading art form of the new century.

19. Which one of the following artists was considered the "father" of the Impressionist movement?

A. Renoir

B. Degas

C. Monet

D. Manet

20. Which of the following artists painted Still Life with Apples?

A. Paul Cézanne

End of exam

B. Pierre-Auguste Renoir

C. Vincent van Gogh

D. Claude Monet

Abstract, Nonrepresentational, and Contemporary Art #6

1. Diebenkorn's Ocean Park series is

A. a preservation of the view of a castle for apartment dwellers.

B. handcrafted sculpture that resembles a cornucopia.

C. a study of radiant Southern California light.

D. an integration of new technologies.

2. The Bauhaus was a prime example of _______ Style.

A. American

B. De Stijl

C. International

D. Classical

3. _______ was the artist who used a "drip technique."

A. Willem de Kooning

B. Jackson Pollock

C. Pablo Picasso

D. Robert Rauschenberg

4. During the 1940s and 1950s, the center of Western art was

A. Arles.

B. Paris.

C. New York City.

D. Munich.

5. The sculpture created by which of the following Minimalist artists is best described as controlled and

logical?

A. Donald Judd

B. Claes Oldenburg

C. Pablo Picasso

D. Alberto Giacometti

6. It would be virtually impossible to mount a traveling exhibition of the works of which of the following

artists?

A. Mark Rothko

B. Roy Lichtenstein

C. Christo and Jeanne-Claude

D. Claes Oldenburg

7. With Tim Hawkinson's Überorgan, a work of art the size of a football field, one can say that it's

A. installation art controlled by a computer.

B. artwork that is difficult to categorize.

C. a rare performance piece.

D. "sound" art.

8. Which one of the following artists was described as one of the fathers of straight photography?

A. William Henry Fox Talbot

B. Edward Steichen

C. Edward Weston

D. Louis-Jacques-Mandé Daguerre

9. When Vasily Kandinsky composed a painting, his aim was the expression of

A. line.

B. pathos.

C. shape.

D. energy.

10. Which of the following artists invented collage?

A. Georgia O'Keefe

B. Jackson Pollock

C. Pablo Picasso

D. Willem de Kooning

11. Which of these art forms is not associated with the work of Georgia O'Keeffe?

A. Still life

B. City nightscape

C. Abstract painting

D. Nature photograph

12. Which of the following artists created paintings in which no one part or section dominated the others or

could be called the subject, in which everything was intended to be equal in impact?

A. Hans Hofmann

B. Jackson Pollock

C. Helen Frankenthaler

D. Willem de Kooning

13. Like freestanding sculpture, such as Gianlorenzo Bernini's Apollo and Daphne, twentieth-century

kinetic sculpture, such as Alexander Calder's La Grande Vitesse in the Vandenberg Center, Grand Rapids,

Michigan,

A. can be appreciated aesthetically from multiple perspectives.

B. is usually made of marble or alabaster.

C. is made entirely by hand, except for the pediment.

D. is intended to be touched by the spectator, who remains stationary.

14. Which of the following statements is an accurate description of Pop Art?

A. Art that combines the potent psychological content of Expressionism with an abandonment of any clear reference to the visual

world

B. Art created by artists who believe that no kind of subject matter is more important than any other and who attempt to all but

eliminate personal involvement

C. Painting and sculpture that is self-sufficient and has no subject matter, content, or meaning beyond its presence as an object in

space

D. Art created by artists who are interested in rediscovering the past, not rejecting it, and who aim to speak in clearer images

and see history as a vast menu from which to select

15. Who created art out of platinum, diamonds, and human teeth?

A. Damien Hirst

B. Takashi Murakami

C. Matthew Barney

D. Yinka Shonibare

16. Andy Warhol's studio in New York City was known as the

A. Machine.

B. Mansion.

C. Garage.

D. Factory.

17. The vigorous brushstrokes and emotion-laden imagery in the paintings of Anselm Kiefer are

reminiscent of the paintings of

A. Realism.

B. Neoclassicism.

C. Superrealism.

D. Expressionism.

18. Giuseppe Penone's Cedre de Versailles reveals

A. a landscape from the distant past.

B. African-American ritual objects.

C. shredded body parts.

D. the original slender tree from which a great cedar had grown.

End of exam

19. Which of the following artists incorporated a Super Mario Bros. game into his/her work?

A. Cory Arcangel

B. Matthew Barney

C. Nam June Paik

D. Damien Hirst

20. Of the following, who was the most famous Pop artist?

A. Claes Oldenburg

B. Roy Lichtenstein

C. Robert Rauschenberg

D. Andy Warhol