Loading...

Messages

Proposals

Stuck in your homework and missing deadline? Get urgent help in $10/Page with 24 hours deadline

Get Urgent Writing Help In Your Essays, Assignments, Homeworks, Dissertation, Thesis Or Coursework & Achieve A+ Grades.

Privacy Guaranteed - 100% Plagiarism Free Writing - Free Turnitin Report - Professional And Experienced Writers - 24/7 Online Support

Which is a reactant in the calvin cycle

09/11/2021 Client: muhammad11 Deadline: 2 Day

Biology-Assignments

10.1 Photosythesis_______________________________________________________

1A. Write the overall reaction (major reactants and major products) for photosysthesis:

sunlight + water + CO2 ( O2 and glucose

B. Where is each reactant used (light reactions or Calvin cycle?)

Sunlight= light reactions

Water= light reactions (when it is “split” the electrons in the bonds of water are used to replace the electrons lost from the P680 reaction center)

CO2= Calvin cycle

C. Where is each product produced (light reactions or Calvin cycle?)

O2= light reactions (when water is “split”)

Glucose= Calvin cycle

2. Compare and contrast Autotrophs and Heterotrophs.

Auto- make their own food

Hetero- rely on autotrophs for food

3. A. Where would you most likely find mesophyll cells in a tree?

Any photosynthetic part of the tree. Leaves are the main photosynthetic organs in the tree.

B. How many chloroplasts does a typical mesophyll cell hold? 30-40

C. What pigment gives a leaf its green color? chlorophyll

D. Where exactly is this pigment located? Within chloroplasts

E. How does carbon dioxide enter the leaf? Through stomata in the leaves

4. Chloroplast structure: Name all components of the chloroplast and describe their orientation relative to one another. Start at the outer membrane and end inside a thylakoid.

Outer membrane

Intermembrane space

Inner membrane

Stroma

Thylakoid membrane

Thylakoid space

5. Identify the two main stages of photosynthesis and where these stages occur respectively. Also describe how the two stages are dependent on one another.

Stage 1= Light reactions- in thylakoid membranes and thylakoid space, the main products of this stage are some the main reactants of the next stage

Stage 2= Calvin cycle- in stroma, some of the products of this stage are some of the main reactants for stage 1.

10.2 Light Rxns. Chemical Energy of Sun ( ATP and NADPH____________________

6. Green light is _____reflected______________ (reflected/absorbed) by a chloroplast, giving it its green color.

7. What wavelengths of light are most effective in driving photosynthesis?

Violet and red

Briefly describe the experiment (discussed in the chapter and powerpoint for this chapter) that identified these wavelengths of light.

The plants produced high levels of oxygen (one of the major products of photosynthesis) when exposed to violet and red light and produced little to no oxygen when exposed to other wavelengths of light. This makes sense. Think about the photosystem reaction centers in the thylakoid membranes of the chloroplast. P680 and P700, the letter “P” represents “photosystem” and the numbers refer to the wavelengths of light the photosystems absorb. Wavelengths 680 and 700 are both in the red range!

8. Describe what happens when chlorophyll absorbs light?

Electrons in chlorophyll absorb energy and are “jumped” to higher energy level.

9. Photosystems: What are they and where are they located?

Light harvesting complexes in thylakoid membranes of chloroplasts.

Identify the components of the photosystem reaction center.

Reaction center:

Light harvesting complexes

Chlorophyll Pigment molecules

Special chlorophyll a molecules

Primary electron acceptor

10. Describe the path of a photon of light starting outside the chloroplast through the photosystem reaction center to the primary electron acceptor. Light from sun ( outer membrane of chloroplast (inner membrane of chloroplast ( stroma ( light harvesting complex within thylakoid membrane (photosystem) ( chlorophyll pigment molecules within the photosystem( electrons of the special chlorophyll a molecules in the reaction center ( primary electron acceptor in the reaction center

11. In photosystem II why is it necessary to split water into Oxygen, hydrogen ions and electrons?

To replace electron “jumped” or lost from the special chlorophyll a molecules in the P680 reaction center of the photosystem. Electrons are jumped or lost to primary electron acceptor when a photon of light energizes the electrons in the special chlorophyll a molecules.

12. What is generated in photosystem II reactions? (2 products)

O2 and ATP

13, Where do the electrons that replace the electron lost from the special chlorophyll a molecules of photosystem I in the P700 reaction center come from?

PSII

14. What is generated in photosystem I reactions? (1 product)

NADPH

15. Where are the products of photosystem II and I used?

Calvin Cycle

16. Compare and contrast cell respiration in mitochondria and photosynthesis in chloroplasts in terms of…

A. Where the hydrogen ion gradient forms (where hydrogen ions are concentrated).

B. Chemiosmosis (movement of Hydrogen ions through the ATP synthase to generate ATP)

Mitochondria

A. H+ are pumped from matrix through the inner membrane to the intermembrane space by action of electron transport chain protein pumps. Hydrogen ion gradient forms in the intermembrane space.

B. Hydrogen ions move from the intermembrane space to the matrix through the ATP synthase, generating ATP in the stroma!

Chloroplast

A. H+ are pumped from the stroma through the thylakoid membrane to the thylakoid space by action of an electron transport chain protein pump.

B. Hydrogen ions move from the thylaokid space to the stroma through the ATP synthase, generating ATP in the matrix!

17. Why is it that when the lights are turned off in a laboratory, the hydrogen ion gradient across the thylakoid membrane is abolished, but quickly restored when the light are turned back on?

Light drives the Light reactions. Light reactions produce gradient across the thylakoid membrane by flow of electrons through electron transport chain. With the energy absorbed from the electrons, the proteins of the electron transport chain pump H+ from the stroma through the thylakoid membrane to the thylakoid space creating a gradient across the membrane. Without light the electron transport chain ceases to function and the gradient is abolished

10.3 Calvin Cycle = ATP and NADPH ( Glucose_______________________________

18. In terms of USE and PRODUCTION of electron carriers* (NADPH* vs. NADH*) how is the Calvin cycle different from the citric acid cycle in cell respiration.

Calvin USES NADPH, citric acid cycle PRODUCES NADH

19. In what form does carbon (that will eventually be combined with other carbon atoms to form glucose) enter the Calvin cycle? CO2

20. What carbohydrate is produced directly from the Calvin cycle? G3P, a three carbon simple sugar.

How many times must this cycle take place to produce one molecule of glucose? Two turns to make one glucose molecule (BECAUSE GLUCOSE IS A 6 CARBON SUGAR)

21. The 3 main phases of the Calvin cycle are listed below. Describe the major events that occur in each phase.

Carbon Fixation-

A. How many CO2 molecules enter the Calvin cycle at one time? 3 CO2 molecules

B. What is the CO2 acceptor molecule (the one CO2 binds to)? RuBP

C. How many molecules of the CO2 acceptor are required? 3 RuBP, one for each CO2 molecule that enters the Calvin cycle at the same time.

D. Identify the enzyme that facilitates the attachment of a CO2 molecule to the CO2 acceptor molecule Ribisco enzyme

Reduction-

A. What does it mean for something to be “reduced” in terms of electrons? Electrons are negatively charged subatomic particles. When something is said to be “reduced” negative charges (electrons) are being added to that molecule. Where do the electrons come from to accomplish the reduction phase of the Calvin cycle? Of course, the electron carrier molecules made in the light reactions NADPH and ATP!

B. What two molecules (generated in the light reactions) are used in this phase?

NADPH and ATP

Regeneration of RuBP-

A. How many G3P molecules are produced with one turn of the Calvin cycle? 6

B. How many G3P molecules exit the Calvin cycle, thereby making it/them available for glucose production? 1

C. Why don’t all G3P molecules produced with one turn of the Calvin cycle exit the Calvin cycle, making them available for glucose production?

5 three carbon G3Ps are recycled, to regenerate 3 RuBP CO2 acceptor molecules so another turn of the Calvin cycle can occur

22. Explain why a poison that inhibits an enzyme of the Calvin cycle will also inhibit the light reactions.

ADP and NADP+ are required to make ATP and NADPH. Without these starting materials recycled from the Calvin cycle the light reactions could not proceed

23. 4. If you start with 12 molecules of CO2 at the beginning of the Calvin cycle, how many molecule of glucose could you make?

2 molecules of glucose can be produced.

3 CO2 enter the Calvin cycle at a time, resulting in one G3P (a 3-carbon molecule that can be used to make glucose). So the number of carbon atoms in the CO2 that enters the Calvin cycle (3 at a time) are made available for G3P production. Glucose is a 6-carbon molecule, so we need 2 G3Ps to make 1 glucose molecule. Therefore, 4 G3Ps are needed to make 2 glucose molecules. 3 CO2 are needed to make 1 G3P molecule, so 12 CO2 molecules would make 4 G3P molecules = 2 glucose molecules!

24. If you want to make 4 molecules of glucose, how many molecules of CO2 would you need?

Determine how many carbon atoms are in 4 molecules of glucose. Each glucose has 6 carbon molecules x 4 glucose molecules = 24 carbon atoms. So we would need 24 CO2 molecules to make 4 molecules of glucose.

25. In photosynthesis, the reduction of carbon dioxide to form glucose is carried out in a controlled series of reactions. In general, each step or reaction in the sequence requires the input of energy. The sun is the ultimate source of this energy.

Are the compounds listed here used, produced, or n/a (not applicable) in:

Light reactions

Photosystem II?

Light reactions

Photosystem I?

The Calvin cycle?

Glucose

n/a

n/a

produced

O2

produced

n/a

n/a

CO2

n/a

n/a

used

H2O

used

n/a

n/a

ATP

produced

n/a

used

ADP + P i

used

n/a

produced

NADPH

n/a

produced

used

NADP+

n/a

used

produced

Homework is Completed By:

Writer Writer Name Amount Client Comments & Rating
Instant Homework Helper

ONLINE

Instant Homework Helper

$36

She helped me in last minute in a very reasonable price. She is a lifesaver, I got A+ grade in my homework, I will surely hire her again for my next assignments, Thumbs Up!

Order & Get This Solution Within 3 Hours in $25/Page

Custom Original Solution And Get A+ Grades

  • 100% Plagiarism Free
  • Proper APA/MLA/Harvard Referencing
  • Delivery in 3 Hours After Placing Order
  • Free Turnitin Report
  • Unlimited Revisions
  • Privacy Guaranteed

Order & Get This Solution Within 6 Hours in $20/Page

Custom Original Solution And Get A+ Grades

  • 100% Plagiarism Free
  • Proper APA/MLA/Harvard Referencing
  • Delivery in 6 Hours After Placing Order
  • Free Turnitin Report
  • Unlimited Revisions
  • Privacy Guaranteed

Order & Get This Solution Within 12 Hours in $15/Page

Custom Original Solution And Get A+ Grades

  • 100% Plagiarism Free
  • Proper APA/MLA/Harvard Referencing
  • Delivery in 12 Hours After Placing Order
  • Free Turnitin Report
  • Unlimited Revisions
  • Privacy Guaranteed

6 writers have sent their proposals to do this homework:

Math Exam Success
Homework Tutor
Financial Analyst
Accounting & Finance Specialist
Top Academic Guru
Solutions Store
Writer Writer Name Offer Chat
Math Exam Success

ONLINE

Math Exam Success

I reckon that I can perfectly carry this project for you! I am a research writer and have been writing academic papers, business reports, plans, literature review, reports and others for the past 1 decade.

$34 Chat With Writer
Homework Tutor

ONLINE

Homework Tutor

I am an elite class writer with more than 6 years of experience as an academic writer. I will provide you the 100 percent original and plagiarism-free content.

$47 Chat With Writer
Financial Analyst

ONLINE

Financial Analyst

As an experienced writer, I have extensive experience in business writing, report writing, business profile writing, writing business reports and business plans for my clients.

$16 Chat With Writer
Accounting & Finance Specialist

ONLINE

Accounting & Finance Specialist

I can assist you in plagiarism free writing as I have already done several related projects of writing. I have a master qualification with 5 years’ experience in; Essay Writing, Case Study Writing, Report Writing.

$40 Chat With Writer
Top Academic Guru

ONLINE

Top Academic Guru

As per my knowledge I can assist you in writing a perfect Planning, Marketing Research, Business Pitches, Business Proposals, Business Feasibility Reports and Content within your given deadline and budget.

$18 Chat With Writer
Solutions Store

ONLINE

Solutions Store

I will be delighted to work on your project. As an experienced writer, I can provide you top quality, well researched, concise and error-free work within your provided deadline at very reasonable prices.

$35 Chat With Writer

Let our expert academic writers to help you in achieving a+ grades in your homework, assignment, quiz or exam.

Similar Homework Questions

19 exford road melton south massage - Power system planning definition - Cost of case of yuengling - Imaging and hashing digital evidence - Case Study on Moral Status - Sodium benzoate test paper use - Wyong shire council v shirt clr - Introduction to criminal justice 9th edition bohm pdf - How to write rationale - El envía sangre (sends blood) al resto del cuerpo. - A major purpose of preparing closing entries is to - Burning candle experiment worksheet answers - Culture speech outline - Windows live movie maker timeline mode - Who was the intended audience of the federalist papers - B31 1 acceptance criteria - Aladdin bottle fukushima no sake - Topic 2 DQ 2 - 70 - P1 / P2 - Electronic configuration of ions of 3d elements - Mid dakota clinic patient portal - Meagher gummow and lehane 5th edition - Discussion 1: peer feedback on ideal society - Eye clinic cheltenham hospital - Cissp 7th edition shon harris pdf - Bbc bitesize metallic bonding - Girl code episodes watch online - What is an ode - Disadvantages of money market hedge - Technical communication 11th edition pdf free - Cause and effect diagram generator - Gravitational force gizmo answer key - 4mat review - This tv channel on directv - An introduction to music travel culture - Introduction to type isabel briggs myers pdf - Lee strasberg affective memory - Write 0.037 as a fraction - Simon decision making model ppt - Project closure report template - 155.2 lbs to kg - Reading discussion - New heritage doll case solution - Grammar review packet 6 answers - How many isomers does c4h8 have - Explain the relationships between motivation emotion and behavior - Larson and lafasto eight characteristics of effective teams - Distinguish between primary and secondary air pollutants - Webmail rvc ac uk - Economic - Research - Epidermal layer containing the oldest cells - 20325 corkscrew shores blvd estero fl 33928 - Case Study - Marketplace live simulation answers - Evidence of identity requirements for individuals - Winchester college oxford university - Life of castruccio castracani pdf - Yushan bicycles australia - Victoria to putney bridge - Word chapter 2 formatting and customizing documents - What is a theme - Econmovies episode 5 worksheet answers - Run lola run jump cuts - A baseball weighs 5.13 oz - Can castles move backwards in chess - Rossendale pet crematorium and memorial gardens - Where in the cell does glycolysis occur - How to find the perimeter with algebraic expressions worksheets - What is the role of poetry in the world? - Silver glitter toilet brush - Words in context worksheet - Https smallseotools com backlink checker - Http www teachingamericanhistory org neh interactives sectionalism lesson1 - Dr pepper snapple group competitive advantage - OB Paper - Casino simulation game - Environmental science human population worksheet answers - Radiant tube heater layout - Analytical research - Criminolgy/paper - Optical flat black paint - Market offerings are limited to physical products - Cic stage 4 - The other wes moore final paper - Discover Pelle Pelle USA Jackets! - What are the 8 symptoms of groupthink - Calculus coaster project answers - Dialysis tubing experiment with glucose and starch - Sppa nhs pension calculator - Dbt opposite action worksheet pdf - Climate zones worksheet answer key - Eric foner give me liberty 5th edition pdf - Wk 1, HCS/335: DQ - Question - Molarity of solutions worksheet answers - Civilize them with a stick - Cable subjected to a uniformly distributed load example - 200/3 as a mixed number - Therapy with Older Adults