Which of the following best describes the hedonic treadmill

PSY 302 Week 5 Final Comprehensive Exam

Question 1

Assuming that all members possess the right KSAOs required to solve the problem at hand, how many people should be on a team to achieve maximum effectiveness?

1–3

4–7

5–9

10–14

Question 2

Which type of organizational commitment is most positively related to organizational outcomes?

cognitive

affective

continuance

normative

Question 3

Which of the following expresses the correct order of the five stages of team development?

norming à forming à storming à performing à adjourning

storming à adjourning à norming à forming à performing

adjourning à norming à storming à performing à forming

forming à storming à norming à performing à adjourning

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT true of team decision making?

It accelerates the decision-making process.

It leads to higher quality decisions.

It leads to more alternatives.

It promotes a sense of ownership of the decision.

Question 5

Which of the following terms describes the level of enthusiasm a person feels for his or her job?

employee engagement

job satisfaction

person–organization fit

organizational commitment

Question 6

Which of the following jobs did a survey of 27,000 U.S. workers reveal to be one of the most inherently satisfying?

laborer

assembly-line worker

cashier

power plant engineer

Question 7

__________ describe(s) the cooperative, coevolutionary search for the best in people, their organizations, and the world around them.

Virtuous spirals

Appreciative inquiry

The human-capital-centric approach

The built-to-change approach

Question 8

What did a meta-analytical study by happiness expert Sonja Lyubomirsky and her colleagues find about the relationship between positivity, happiness, and success?

Happiness causes positivity.

Positivity causes happiness.

Positivity causes success.

Success causes positivity.

Question 9

Jennifer has always longed to become a veterinarian, but she instead keeps books and does accounting for the restaurant that has been in her family for more than 50 years. Which type of organizational commitment is Jennifer demonstrating?

cognitive

continuance

affective

normative

Question 10

Who perpetrates most cases of violent workplace fatalities?

strangers

disgruntled employees

repeat customers

vendors

Question 11

Which type of team is the most common and traditional?

self-managed

manager-led

cross-functional

project

Question 12

After discussing what to do about an ongoing budgeting problem, Barbara’s team decides on a course of action that is more conservative than what was advocated by individual team members. What is the name of this phenomenon?

risky shift

cautious shift

production blocking

groupthink

Question 13

Which of the following statements best captures current trends regarding organizational change in fast-paced and hard-to-predict climates?

Organizations are choosing to become more human-capital-centric than structure-centric.

Organizations are choosing to become more structure-centric than human-capital-centric.

Organizations are choosing to become more technology-centric than structure-centric.

Organizations are choosing to become more technology-centric than human-capital-centric.

Question 14

Jayden’s work group adheres to a structured decision-making process in which team members generate ideas on their own and then bring what they came up with to the group for evaluation. What is the name of the process that Jayden’s group uses?

brainstorming

shared mental model

nominal group technique

collective efficacy

Question 15

Which U.S. company do the authors applaud for keeping its health care costs stable as costs have risen for other companies?

Kaiser Family Foundation

Arthur Andersen

Safeway

Apple

Question 16

Which is most likely to be FALSE about project teams?

They are relatively small.

They have vague goals.

They are temporary.

They are led by a project manager.

Question 17

Which element of employee engagement describes the sensation of being so engrossed in your work that you lose track of time?

eustress

vigor

absorption

dedication

Question 18

Lisa, a team leader, wants her team to avoid groupthink as it undertakes its projects. Given this, Lisa should do all of the following EXCEPT __________.

encourage team members to refrain from dissent and criticism

wait for all members to participate before stating her opinion

create a separate team with a different leader to tackle the same problem

appoint someone to play devil’s advocate

Question 19

At a tech company called Sonica, Team Product Development is hindered by one member who has very poor organizational skills. The team is constantly dragged down by this member and cannot progress past a certain point. Which of the following terms best describes this scenario?

maximum emergence

minimum emergence

average emergence

dispersion emergence

Question 20

Given recent research on success in and beyond the workplace, what should companies do to improve employees’ well-being?

Teach employees to more positively interpret their circumstances.

Offer employees more vacation time and paid sick leave.

Increase employee salaries to the top of what is competitive for the industry.

Subsidize a larger portion of employees’ health care premiums and make sure they use their benefits.

Question 21

Eric’s attitude toward his job largely stems from the fact that he believes it pays well. Which employee attitude component is Eric demonstrating?

cognitive

affective

psychological

behavioral

Question 22

How might a team best reduce free riding and social loafing?

by making each member of the team accountable to an identifiable segment of the work effort

by reducing the amount of work for which a free riding/social loafing team member is responsible

by avoiding placing free riding/social loafing coworkers on teams

by offering a free riding/social loafing team member financial incentives and rewards to do better

Question 23

Four characteristics have been found to have the greatest influence on team performance. Which of the following is NOT one of them?

team members’ personality

team members’ cognitive ability

a team’s diversity

a team’s location

Question 24

What four health conditions account for 75% of all health care costs?

hypertension, cancer, diabetes, and carpel tunnel syndrome

cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, and obesity

cardiovascular disease, asthma, depression, and multiple sclerosis

depression, cancer, Parkinson’s disease, and obesity

Question 25

Gemstone CoreWorks operates in mining, a hazardous industry. Company managers tend to be unaware of official policies and procedures, and employees are not trained on adequate safety practices. Which of the following best describes Gemstone CoreWorks?

It has a lot of role ambiguity and as such will experience a lot of inevitable accidents.

It is a human-capital-centric organization and as such will experience a lot of expensive accidents.

It has a poor climate of safety and as such will experience a lot of avoidable accidents.

It operates in a dangerous industry and as such will experience a lot of unavoidable accidents.

Question 26

__________ are most likely to use virtual teams, while __________ are least likely.

Multinational organizations; U.S.-based organizations

Multinational organizations; government agencies

Government agencies; multinational organizations

Government agencies; U.S.-based organizations

Question 27

Why are traditionalists particularly likely to value hard work and regard work as a privilege?

Because they grew up during the Great Recession.

Because they grew up during the Great Depression.

Because they endured many years of school, including college.

Because they benefited from numerous public assistance programs.

Question 28

Shauna has a low level of tolerance for ambiguity. Given this, which of the following is most likely TRUE about Shauna?

Shauna tends to find working on teams frustrating and unfulfilling and thus avoids them.

Shauna tends to find working on teams satisfying and fulfilling and thus seeks them out.

Shauna tends to be the source of much of her team’s conflict and is thus disliked by her team members.

Shauna tends to be the source of much of her team’s camaraderie and is thus a highly prized team member.

Question 29

Ariel hates being a corporate lawyer and would quit tomorrow if she could. However, keeping her job at the firm is the only way she can afford to support her aging parents, pay her mortgage, and put her three children through college. Which type of organizational commitment is Ariel demonstrating?

cognitive

continuance

affective

normative

Question 30

Which kinds of cultures are most likely to easily or successfully implement teams?

collectivist and doing oriented

high power distance and deterministic

collectivist and deterministic

doing oriented and high power distance

Question 31

Which of the following best exemplifies organizational citizen behavior?

When not at work, Joanne likes to volunteer with several political organizations.

Joanne goes out of her way to talk positively about her company and proactively help her team members.

Joanne gets paid enough money that she is able to handsomely donate to several charities of her choice.

Joanne thinks her company is lagging in its corporate social responsibility initiatives, so she volunteers to start an in-house program.

Question 32

Which of the following can be a drawback of a cross-functional team?

It can take a long time for the group to coalesce into a fully functioning team.

Members are more likely to make inappropriate comments to each other because of their relative anonymity.

It is common for members to experience reduced autonomy and low levels of empowerment.

Members tend to blame, remove, or replace other members they perceive to be low performers.

Question 33

Laurie is a naturally happy person. Even when she experiences a setback or life gets her down, within a few hours she reverts back to her naturally happy self. Which of the following terms best describes what Laurie is experiencing?

hedonic treadmill

affective commitment

appreciative inquiry

crossover effect

Question 34

During a meeting, team members become shy and cognitively blocked. They are hesitant to share controversial or unusual ideas, lest they be judged by their colleagues and lose their train of thought. These are all problems that are likely to occur during

__________.

brainstorming

risky shift

group polarization

the nominal group technique

Question 35

The presence of what main quality distinguishes work teams from work groups?

goal attainment

diversity

interdependence

communication

Question 36

Team DreamIt is composed of members who all have very high cognitive ability. They are tasked with designing a new system for filing invoices, which is a fairly simple and straightforward project. How is Team DreamIt likely to respond to the work?

Team members are likely to argue over the proposed solutions and be unable to complete the project.

Team members are likely to get bored and lose interest in the project.

Team members are likely to complete the project faster and with more ingenuity than a team of lower cognitive ability.

Team members are likely to remain focused on the project, even though they are not intellectually stimulated by it.

Question 37

Which of the following Big Five personality variables shows the strongest relationship to team performance?

conscientiousness and openness to experience

agreeableness and emotional stability

emotional stability and conscientiousness

extraversion and agreeableness

Question 38

What kind of diversity has been shown to improve a team’s effectiveness?

demographic

task-related

value

cultural

Question 39

How many times on average are members of Generation X likely to change jobs during their first 10 years out of college?

None—they graduated during the Great Recession and had a difficult time finding a job at all.

None—they tend to favor stable employment and stick with one employer for the entirety of their career.

Twice—they are willing to switch jobs to seek a better opportunity or more favorable work conditions.

Four times—they have low job commitment and do not hesitate to leave a company they think is not a good ethical fit.

Question 40

Which step of Kurt Lewin’s organizational change model sustains a change but may also cause resistance to future changes?

refreezing

unfreezing

change

freezing

Question 41

Randy was recently promoted to project director. He’s a bit nervous about the change but is also excited about it and motivated to do his best. What specifically is Randy experiencing?

stress

eustress

hardiness

spillover effect

Question 42

Which job do the authors use to exemplify how requiring workers to act as a team can add an unnecessary layer of coordination and be impractical and time consuming?

a sales representative for a tech company

a specialist in a laboratory

a nurse in a surgical unit

a driver for a transportation company

Chapter 10: Health and Well-Being

Question 43

What are the two main approaches to managing the costs of health care in the workplace?

reducing employer contributions and enhancing employees’ health

eliminating employer contributions and enhancing employees’ health

reducing employer contributions and encouraging free market health care options

encouraging free market health care options and enhancing employees’ health

Question 44

Which stage of team development ends with the team establishing a clear hierarchy and basic assignment of roles?

forming

storming

adjourning

performing

Question 45

Approximately how many workers died on the job in 2015?

almost 1,000, or about 3 a day

almost 2,500, or about 7 a day

almost 5,000, or about 13 a day

almost 10,000, or about 27 a day

Question 46

Tim constantly feels like his job puts more responsibilities on him than he can reasonably manage, and he doesn’t know how to approach some projects at all. Which cause of workplace dissatisfaction and stress is Tim experiencing?

role conflict

role ambiguity

workload incompatibility

job insecurity

Question 47

Which of the following best expresses the relationship between cohesion and team effectiveness?

Cohesion is associated with lower productivity in both positive and negative environments.

Cohesion is associated with higher productivity in both positive and negative environments.

Cohesion is associated with higher productivity in negative environments but with lower productivity in positive environments.

Cohesion is associated with higher productivity in positive environments but with lower productivity in negative environments.

Question 48

Cautious shift and risky shift are both facets of __________.

synergy

production blocking

groupthink

group polarization

Question 49

Vaughn’s team enjoys a common understanding of team processes, tasks roles, and how the team’s work will be done. What does Vaughn’s team possess, specifically?

synergy

a shared mental model

collective efficacy

information sharing

Question 50

Which of the following measures do the authors say companies have taken to help working parents improve their work–life balance?

offering vouchers for day care facilities

subsidizing employees’ day care costs

providing on-site day care facilities

paying bonuses to employees with children under age 5