Which of the following does not cycle repeatedly through the earth's ecosystems

Matter, Energy, and Life

ENSC 1410

Chapter 3 Quiz

NAME: ______ _____________ Section: _____ Date: _________________

I. MULTIPLE CHOICE (4 points each)

1. How are matter and mass related? A. Mass is a component of matter B. Neither matter nor mass take up space C. Matter is a component of mass D. Both matter and mass take up space E. Mass takes up space while matter does not take up space

2. The law of conservation of matter tells us that matter A. Can never be reused B. Needs to be conserved or it will not be available for future generations C. Can be destroyed D. Can be conserved by some adaptive strategies E. Is used repeatedly

3. What implication(s) does the law of conservation of matter have for humans? A. We cannot create energy because it is neither created nor destroyed B. As matter is recycled it loses some of its integrity so we need to be careful when we dispose of goods C. Natural resources are unlimited because they are used and reused by living organisms D. Disposable goods are not going "away" when we throw them out E. All of these are implications of the law of conservation of matter

4. Which of the following statements changes the following false statement into a true statement? "Most, but not all, living organisms are made up of organic compounds." A. All living organisms are made up of organic compounds B. All living organisms are made up of only inorganic compounds C. Most, but not all, living organisms are made up of inorganic compounds D. Most, but not all, living organisms are made up of organic elements E. Most, but not all, living organisms are made up of inorganic elements

5. A fat or oil is to a _______ as an enzyme is to a _______. A. Nucleic acid; lipid B. Protein; nucleic acid C. Nucleic acid; carbohydrate D. Carbohydrate; protein E. Lipid; protein

6. Nucleic acid is to _______ as lipid is to _______. A. Cellular membrane structure; energy storage B. Cellulose structure; genetic storage C. Energy storage; cellulose structure D. Genetic storage; cellular membrane structure E. Energy storage; genetic storage

7. A(n) ________ is like a screwdriver that you use to build something because it ______________. A. Enzyme; does not get consumed as it is used B. Molecule; organizes pieces together to form something different C. Lipid; provides the structure and form of the piece you are building D. Sugar; provides the energy to put something together E. The analogy of a screwdriver can be applied to each of these examples

8. Which of the following is a form of energy? A. Electricity B. Food C. Heat D. Light E. All of these are forms of energy

9. The first law of thermodynamics and the law of conservation of matter are similar in that A. Under normal circumstances neither energy nor matter is created nor destroyed B. Both energy and matter are recycled through biological systems C. Both energy and matter flow in a one-way path through biological systems D. Under normal circumstances energy and matter are destroyed as they pass through biological systems E. The first law of thermodynamics and the law of conservation of matter are not similar

10. The second law of thermodynamics states that as energy moves through different forms and systems it gradually A. Becomes more concentrated B. Dissipates and becomes unavailable C. Disappears and is lost D. Accumulates in the form of electricity E. Changes from kinetic to potential energy

11. What implication(s) does the second law of thermodynamics have for biological systems? A. Systems cannot create energy because it is neither created nor destroyed B. With each transformation less available energy is available to do work so older systems have less energy C. A constant supply of energy is necessary for maintenance of biological systems D. Energy is unlimited because it is used and reused by living organisms E. None of these is an implication of the second law of thermodynamics

12. As energy is used and transformed it gradually becomes _______ quality and _______ concentrated. A. Higher; more B. Lower; more C. Higher; less D. Lower; less E. As energy is used it does not become transformed; there is no change in quality and it stays the same concentration

13. About ___________ percent of the solar energy that falls on plants is captured for photosynthesis. A. 100 B. 60 - 70 C. 40 - 50 D. 10 - 20 E. 1 – 2

14. On the electromagnetic spectrum of energy wavelengths, visible light falls nearest to A. Gamma radiation B. Radio waves C. Infrared radiation D. X-rays E. Microwaves

15. Producers rely on ____________ to release chemical energy and consumers rely on ____________ to release chemical energy. A. Cellular respiration; photosynthesis B. Cellular respiration; cellular respiration C. Photosynthesis; cellular respiration D. Photosynthesis; photosynthesis E. The sun; the sun

16. How can a highly productive ecosystem (high total productivity) have a low net productivity? A. The rate of decomposition is high B. The rate of secondary productivity is high C. The rate of photosynthesis is low D. The rate of decomposition is low E. The rate of secondary productivity is low

17. Many ecologists think of ecosystems and even the Earth as a superorganism because its systems appear to be A. Unregulated B. Self-regulating and self-stabilizing C. Completely unpredictable D. Unchangeable E. Hierarchical

18. Productivity in an ecosystem has to do with A. The efficiency of its primary producers B. The number of different species living in the ecosystem C. Its longevity D. The combined metabolic rate of the biological communities E. Its rate of producing biomass

19. Energy enters a system as sunlight and a producer is able to produce 10 kilograms of tissue. If eaten, the producer would produce about ______ kilograms of consumer tissue that would provide about __________ kilograms of tissue for a secondary consumer. A. 100; 10 B. 10; 1 C. 100; 1 D. 1; 0.1 E. 10; 0.1

20. Which of the following does not cycle repeatedly through the Earth's ecosystems? A. Water B. Nitrogen C. Matter D. Carbon E. Energy

21. Living vegetation and the ocean are known as "carbon sinks" because A. They are made of carbon B. They create carbon C. They destroy carbon D. They store carbon E. Due to gravity carbon is found closer to the ground

22. Which of the following biogeochemical cycles does not have an atmospheric phase? A. Hydrologic cycle B. Nitrogen cycle C. Sulfur cycle D. Carbon cycle E. Phosphorous cycle

23. Which of the following is not a step in the global nitrogen cycle? A. Nitrogen fixation B. Nitrification C. Photosynthesis D. Ammonification E. Denitrification

24. Phosphorus cycles through the Earth's ecosystems A. Extremely quickly B. Very slowly C. Only when activated by human activity D. Very rarely E. Quickly when humans burn large amounts of fossil fuels

25. Which of the following statements is false? I. Nutrients are cycled in the ecosphere in biogeochemical cycles II. Elements in the rock cycle are generally cycled slower than elements in gaseous cycles III. Biogeochemical cycles are driven by the sun and by gravity IV. There are three types of biogeochemical cycles: air, water and land V. The hydrologic cycle involves the ocean, air, land and living organisms Change the false answer above to a true statement

5