Which of the following sentencing goals is closely associated with the phrase "an eye for an eye"?

Which of the following is one of the more rational sentencing goals?

A. deterrence

B. rehabilitation

C. retribution

D. incapacitance

Question 2 of 40

2.5 Points

The U.S. Supreme Court case Gideon v. Wainwright established the right to counsel for indigent defendants in which felony court proceedings?

A. misdemeanor

B. federal

C. state

D. first degree

Question 3 of 40

2.5 Points

What type of deterrence seeks to reduce the likelihood of recidivism by convicted offenders?

A. focused

B. preventive

C. general

D. specific

Question 4 of 40

2.5 Points

In what kind of trials is the federal court system responsible for the enforcement of federal codes?

A. civil trials

B. criminal trials

C. administrative trials

D. all of the above

Question 5 of 40

2.5 Points

An arraignment, a bail hearing, and a trial for a felony offense are all conducted at which tier of a state court system?

A. trial court of limited jurisdiction

B. trial court of general jurisdiction

C. intermediate appellate court

D. court of last resort

Question 6 of 40

2.5 Points

In which court would a felony trial be held in the federal court system?

A. District Court

B. Court of Appeals

C. United States Supreme Court

D. United States Magistrates Court

Question 7 of 40

2.5 Points

Courts that have the authority to review a decision made by a lower court are said to have what type of jurisdiction?

A. mandatory jurisdiction

B. oversight jurisdiction

C. appellate jurisdiction

D. original jurisdiction

Question 8 of 40

2.5 Points

What is trying someone twice for the same offense known as?

A. double jeopardy

B. dual jurisdiction

C. Constitutional jeopardy

D. double liability

Question 9 of 40

2.5 Points

The U.S. Supreme Court case United States v. Bagley compels the prosecution to disclose any evidence requested by whom?

A. police

B. judge

C. press

D. defense

Question 10 of 40

2.5 Points

Which work group member has the responsibility of demonstrating to a jury that a defendant is guilty beyond a reasonable doubt?

A. the judge

B. the prosecutor

C. the defense attorney

D. the bailiff

Question 11 of 40

2.5 Points

Who is responsible for summoning members of the public for jury duty and subpoenaing witnesses for the prosecution and the defense?

A. the bailiff

B. a local court administrator

C. the court recorder

D. the clerk of court

Question 12 of 40

2.5 Points

Which of the following represents the order of the steps in a criminal trial?

A. trial initiation, the judge’s charge to the jury, jury selection, opening statements, presentation of evidence, closing arguments, jury deliberations, the verdict

B. trial initiation, opening statements, jury selection, presentation of evidence, closing arguments, the judge’s charge to the jury, jury deliberation, the verdict

C. trial initiation, jury selection, opening statements, presentation of evidence, closing arguments, the judge’s charge to the jury, jury deliberations, the verdict

D. jury selection, trial initiation, opening statements, presentation of evidence, closing arguments, the judge’s charge to the jury, jury deliberations, the verdict

Question 13 of 40

2.5 Points

Which government employee works directly with the trial judge and is responsible for court paper work and records before and during a trial?

A. court administrator

B. clerk of court

C. court adjudicator

D. clerk of adjudication

Question 14 of 40

2.5 Points

During a trial, what happens before the closing statement and after the jury selection?

A. jury deliberations

B. opening statement

C. judge’s charge to the jury

D. verdict

Question 15 of 40

2.5 Points

How many district courts are there in the federal court system?

A. 1

B. 14

C. 64

D. 94

Question 16 of 40

2.5 Points

What are U.S. Supreme Court cases that determine how the Constitution is to be interpreted called?

A. important cases

B. landmark cases

C. primary cases

D. constitutional cases

Question 17 of 40

2.5 Points

Which Americans are least likely to support the death penalty?

A. those who are white, rather than African American

B. those who experienced September 11th

C. those who believe innocent people have been put to death

D. those from Texas

Question 18 of 40

2.5 Points

Which sentencing goal is closely associated with the phrase “an eye for an eye?”

A. deterrence

B. rehabilitation

C. retribution

D. incapacitance

Question 19 of 40

2.5 Points

What type of law is concerned with definition, regulation, and enforcement of rights cases in which both the person who has a right and the person who has the obligation are private individuals?

A. criminal law

B. special law

C. civil law

D. tribunal law

Question 20 of 40

2.5 Points

Case-flow analysis, juror management, and budget management are all duties typical of whom?

A. local court administrator

B. bailiff

C. Supreme Court Justice

D. court clerk

Question 21 of 40

2.5 Points

Which offender is typically housed in a state operated prison?

A. convicted felons

B. offenders awaiting trial

C. those convicted of misdemeanors

D. terrorist suspects

Question 22 of 40

2.5 Points

Who makes the release decision when an offender is sentenced to shock parole?

A. the appellate court judge

B. the prosecutor

C. the U.S. Sentencing Commission

D. the parole board

Question 23 of 40

2.5 Points

Who created the Irish system of imprisonment?

A. Captain Alexander Maconochie

B. Sir Walter Crofton

C. Zebulon Brockway

D. Enoch Wines

Question 24 of 40

2.5 Points

Which of the following is not an advantage of using probation instead of imprisonment?

A. increased employment opportunities for offenders

B. allows the offender to maintain family ties

C. increased risk to the community

D. increased likelihood that restitution will be paid

Question 25 of 40

2.5 Points

Discretionary parole is granted by whom?

A. the governor

B. statutory decree

C. a parole board

D. correctional personnel

Question 26 of 40

2.5 Points

Which type of sentence requires that offenders serve weekends in jail and receive probation supervision during the week?

A. diverse sentence

B. shared sentence

C. split sentence

D. mixed sentence

Question 27 of 40

2.5 Points

This is a control mechanism used by correctional administrators at regular intervals throughout the day.

A. rack

B. count

C. strap

D. hole

Question 28 of 40

2.5 Points

Probation, parole, home confinement, and electronic monitoring are examples of what?

A. imprisonment

B. restitution

C. community-based corrections

D. lenient sentences

Question 29 of 40

2.5 Points

Rhodes v. Chapman held that overcrowding in prisons is not by itself considered what?

A. public humiliation

B. cruel and unusual punishment

C. deterrence

D. a violation of the 4th Amendment

Question 30 of 40

2.5 Points

Bob is sentenced to probation. The conditions of his probation include: maintain employment, possess no firearms, obey all laws, and meet with his probation officer biweekly. These are what type of conditions that apply to all probationers in the jurisdiction where he was sentenced?

A. binding

B. specific

C. special

D. general

Question 31 of 40

2.5 Points

What early correctional leader developed a system of marks through which prisoners could earn credits to buy their freedom?

A. Sir Walter Crofton

B. Zebulon Brockway

C. Benjamin Rush

D. Captain Alexander Maconochie

Question 32 of 40

2.5 Points

What are pardons are sometimes referred to as?

A. illegal

B. probation

C. parole

D. clemency

Question 33 of 40

2.5 Points

Revocation of probation or parole __________.

A. requires the concurrence of an appellate court judge

B. can be enacted merely on a decision to revoke made by the probationer’s or parolee’s probation or parole officer

C. is not governed by any particular due process requirement

D. requires procedural safeguards including a hearing

Question 34 of 40

2.5 Points

What kind of capacity refers to the inmate population the institution was originally built to handle?

A. rated

B. operational

C. design

D. construction

Question 35 of 40

2.5 Points

Which type of sentence requires that offenders serve time in a local jail before a period of supervised probation?

A. shock probation

B. mixed sentence

C. split sentence

D. shock incarceration

Question 36 of 40

2.5 Points

During the early decades of the twentieth century, there was opposition to prison industries primarily because they did what?

A. exploited inmate labor

B. threatened the jobs of workers

C. were counterproductive to rehabilitative ideals

D. were threats to prison security

Question 37 of 40

2.5 Points

Which of the following sentences is a prisoner reentry strategy?

A. probation

B. restitution

C. community service

D. parole

Question 38 of 40

2.5 Points

Researchers have described one type of prisoner who takes advantage of the positive experiences the prison has to offer as a(an. what?

A. opportunist

B. legalist

C. hedonist

D. retreatist

Question 39 of 40

2.5 Points

A state or federal confinement facility that has custodial authority over adults sentenced to confinement is known as what?

A. workhouse

B. jail

C. stock

D. prison

Question 40 of 40

2.5 Points

Parole is a correctional strategy with the primary purpose of accomplishing what?

A. documenting the reintegration of prisoners into society

B. tracking those who have been recently released from prison

C. returning offenders gradually to productive lives

D. ensuring the public that released offenders will not commit another crime