Which statement is an example of cultural convergence

CONVERGING MEDIA: A NEW INTRODUCTION TO MASS COMMUNICATION 5th edition John V Pavlik & Shawn McIntosh Chapter 1: Mass Communication and Its Digital Transformation TELEPHONY: EXPLORING CONVERGENCE ▪ The telephone played a major role in changing patterns of communication ▪ Adapted telegraphy’s point-to-point, instantaneous communication, adding the element of voice ▪ Not immediately thought of as an interpersonal communication device ▪ How did the telephone become what it is today? TELEPHONY: MAKING SENSE OF CONVERGENCE ▪ Novelty: New communication devices fascinate us, but often do not have a clear initial purpose ▪ Early “mis-application”: Not sure how to use new communication devices, we test out various ideas ▪ What is “new” often has deep historical roots: We share similar information with each other through various communication devices ▪ Ownership & control: Will industries be privately owned or regulated by government? 3 TYPES OF CONVERGENCE: What is convergence? ▪ The coming together of computing, telecommunications and media in a digital environment Three types: ▪ Technological ▪ Economic ▪ Cultural TECHNOLOGICAL CONVERGENCE ▪ Rise of digital media and online communication networks ▪ Digital media help change the way we use technologies ECONOMIC CONVERGENCE ▪ Merging of Internet or telecommunication companies with traditional media companies ▪ Corporate umbrella includes formerly independent and dissimilar companies CULTURAL CONVERGENCE ▪ Globalization of media content: When an American television show is popular in other countries ▪ Production and distribution of content: ‘Traditional’ media implies an audience of passive receivers; new digital media invites an active audience who may make and distribute their own media. 8 IMPLICATIONS OF CONVERGENCE ▪ Media organization changes ▪ Media type changes ▪ Media content changes ▪ Media use changes ▪ Media distribution changes ▪ Media audience changes ▪ Media profession changes ▪ Attitude and value changes MEDIA ORGANIZATION CHANGES Centralized vs. converged media organizations ▪ Centralized: functions of media - including production, distribution, marketing & advertising - are controlled by a single individual or unit ▪ Converged: Functions of media may be de-centralized via the Internet, inviting more diffuse methods of production, distribution, marking and advertising MEDIA TYPE CHANGES How we engage with media in a state of flux: Where do we listen to the radio? Different media are regulated differently and enjoy different freedoms and restrictions MEDIA CONTENT CHANGES ▪ Traditional content: Broadcast through a pre-determined, prearranged schedule with little if any consultation with audiences ▪ On-demand content: Audiences have more control over when they attend to content ▪ Digitized content: Through digital production & distribution methods, content can be available at any time of day ▪ Wiki content: Audiences contribute to production and distribution of content MEDIA USE CHANGES ▪