Whitefields impact suggests that religious culture

Multiple CHOICE questions

Questions 1 - 3 refer to the excerpt below.

“In 1739 arrived among us from Ireland the Reverend Mr. [George] Whitefield, who had made himself remarkable there as an itinerant preacher. He was at first permitted to preach in some of our churches; but the clergy, taking a dislike to him, soon refused him their pulpits, and he was obliged to preach in the fields. The multitudes of all sects and denominations that attended his sermons were enormous. . . . It was wonderful to see the change soon made in the manners of our inhabitants. From being thoughtless or indifferent about religion, it seemed as if all the world were growing religious, so that one could not walk thro’ the town in an evening without hearing psalms sung in different families of every street.” Benjamin Franklin, The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin

Question # 1. Whitefield’s impact suggests that religious culture among British North American colonists in the 1700s was most directly shaped by

(A) The development of an idea of republican self-government

(B) The emergence of calls for the abolition of slavery

(C) The increased influence of theEnlightenment

(D) The expansion of Protestant evangelism

Question # 2. Whitefield’s open-air preaching contributed most directly to which of the following trends?

(A) The growth of the ideology of republican motherhood

(B) Greater independence and diversity ofthought

(C) Movement of settlers to the backcountry

(D) The pursuit of social reform

Question # 3. The preaching described in the excerpt is an example of which of the following developments in the 1700s?

(A) Roman Catholic influences

(B) interest in commerce and business

(C) trans-Atlantic exchanges

(D) reliance on agriculture

Questions 4-6 refer to the excerpt below.

“Be it enacted ... That after the five and twentieth day of March, 1698, no goods or merchandizes whatsoever shall be imported into, or exported out of, any colony or plantation to his Majesty, in Asia, Africa, or America ... in any ship or bottom, but what is or shall be of the built of England, Ireland, or the said colonies or plantations ... and navigated with the masters and three fourths of the mariners of the said places only ... under pain of forfeiture of ships and goods.” English Parliament, Navigation Act, 1696

Question # 4 . The excerpt most directly reflects which of the following goals for England’s North American colonies?

A. Developing them as a producer of manufactured goods

B. Aiding them in developing trade with other European nations

C. Integrating them into a coherent imperial structure based on mercantilism

D. Protecting them from American Indian attacks

Question # 5. One direct long-term effect of the Navigation Act was that it

A. promoted commercial treaties with Spain and France throughout the 1700s

B. contributed to the rise of opposition that ultimately fostered the independence movement

C. encouraged colonists in North America to expand trade agreements with American Indians

D. led to the imposition of heavy taxes on the North American colonists in the early 1700s

Question # 6. The goals presented in the excerpt from the act have the most in common with which of the following?

A. Increases in the federal tariff in the 1820s

B. Progressive Era antitrust reforms in the 1900s

C. Free-trade policies in the 1990s

D. Federal tax reductions in the 2000s

Questions 7-9 refer to the excerpt below.

“Still, though a slaveholder, I freely acknowledge my obligations as a man; and I am bound to treat humanely the fellow creatures whom God has entrusted to my charge. ... It is certainly in the interest of all, and I am convinced it is the desire of every one of us, to treat our slaves with proper kindness.”

Letter from former South Carolina governor James Henry Hammond, 1845

“Standing with God and the crushed and bleeding slave on this occasion, I will, in the name of humanity which is outraged, in the name of Liberty which is fettered, in the name of the constitution and Bible, which are disregarded and trampled upon, dare to call in question and denounce ... slavery ‘the great sin and shame of America’!”

Frederick Douglass, speech titled “The Meaning of July Fourth for the Negro,” 1852

Question # 7. The excerpt from James Henry Hammond is most clearly an example of which of the following developments in the mid-19th century?

A. The decline of slavery in Southern states as a result of gradual emancipation laws

B. The increasingly restrictive nature of slavery in the South enforced by stronger slave codes

C. The expanding use of moral arguments by Northern antislavery activists

D. The growing tendency among Southern slaveholders to justify slavery as a positive good

Question # 8. Which of the following groups would be most likely to support the perspective of Frederick Douglass in the excerpt?

A. Southern Democrats

B. Southern planters

C. Northern abolitionists

D. Northern merchants

Question # 9. The language used in both excerpts most directly reflects the influence of which of the following?

A. The Second Great Awakening

B. States’ rights

C. Manifest Destiny

D. American nationalism

Questions 10-11 refer to the graph below

Questions # 10. The pattern depicted on the graph from 1450 to 1800 best serves as evidence of which of the following?

A. The replacement of indigenous labor and indentured servitude by enslaved Africans in New World colonies

B. The development of varied systems of racial categorization in the European colonies

C. The effectiveness of the abolitionist movement in Europe and the Americas

D. The susceptibility of enslaved populations to New World disease

Question # 11. Which of the following contributed most directly to the change in the number of Africans transported to the New World after 1800?

A. The emergence of a more industrial economy in Great Britain and the United States

B. The outlawing of the international slave trade by Great Britain and the United States

C. The increased resistance to slavery within African nations

D. The influence of major slave rebellions in Haiti and elsewhere

Questions 12-13 refer to the map below that illustrates European expeditions to the New World.

Question # 12. What statement best describes the relationships between different European imperial powers?

A. They often cooperated and shared profits in order to prevent conflict.

B. The imperial powers rarely interacted with each other.

C. Colonial rivalry led to frequent conflicts.

D. In order to civilize the Native Americans, European imperial powers put aside their religious differences.

Question # 13. Which of the following was NOT a motivation that drove colonists to settle in the New World?

A. Economic prosperity.

B. Political oppression in Europe.

C. Religious freedom.

D. Social mobility.

Question # 14. Who believed in the Constitution?

A. Abolitionists

B. Federalists

C. Anti-Federalists

Question # 15. Who wanted to get rid of slavery?

A. Abolitionists

B. Federalists

C. Anti-Federalists

Question # 16. Who did not believe in the Constitution?

A. Abolitionists

B. Federalists

C. Anti-Federalists

Question # 17. Who was the President of the United States and quit before Congress could impeach him?

A. Carter

B. Reagan

C. Nixon

Question # 18. The space program in what country was the first to launch a rocket into space? It was called Sputnik.

A. United States

B. Russia

C. France

Question # 19. Who shot and killed Abraham Lincoln?

A. Sirhan Sirhan

B. Lee Harvey Oswald

C. John Wilkes Booth

Question # 20. Who was the schoolteacher who worked as a spy for the Americans during the Revolutionary War. He was caught by the British and said, "I only regret that I have but one life to lose for my country."

A. Patrick Henry

B. Samuel Adams

C. Nathan Hale

Question # 21. Who was a famous man of the American Revolution who stated, "Give me liberty or give me death."

A. Patrick Henry

B. Samuel Adams

C. Nathan Hale

Question # 22. What gave Indians land and tried to protect them from being taken advantage of?

A. Dawes Severalty Act

B. Homestead Act

C. Trail of Tears

Question # 23. When Americans started to move West, they forced the Indians to leave. What was their journey called? It was called this because many Indian men, women and children got sick, hurt or died during the journey.

A. Dawes Severalty Act

B. Homestead Act

C. Trail of Tears

Question # 23. What means that a person is legally owned by his or her master?

A. Chattel Slavery

B. Indentured Servants

C. Impeach

Question # 24. The presidential election of 1840 is often considered the first “modern” election because

A. the slavery issue was first raised in this campaign

B. there was a very low turnout of eligible voters

C. voting patterns were similar to those later established in the 1890’s

D. both parties for the first time widely campaigned among all the eligible voters

E. a second era of good feeling had just come to a close, marking a new departure in politics

Question # 25. Frederick Jackson Turner’s “frontier hypothesis” focused on the importance of

A. the traditions of western European culture

B. the absence of a feudal aristocracy

C. Black people and Black slavery

D. the conflict between capitalists and workers

E. the existence of cheap unsettled land

Questions 26-28 refer to the image below which depicts William Penn negotiating a treaty with the Delaware Indians in the late 17th century.

Question # 26. Are the events depicted in the painting representative of the general pattern of interactions between British colonists and indigenous peoples?

A. Yes — many colonies saw that Penn’s diplomatic approach worked and copied it.

B. Partially — Native Americans negotiated with the colonies but also used military force to resist encroachment.

C. No — all the Native Americans died from disease shortly after Penn’s treaty and disappeared from history.

D. No — Native Americans preferred to massacre innocent colonists instead of negotiate.

Question # 27. Which of the following statements correctly describes the military strength of Native American tribes in the 17th century?

A. The tribes were weak and were always defeated by European forces.

B. The tribes outnumbered the colonists and easily massacred them.

C. It was a stalemate and neither group was able to achieve victory.

D. The Native Americans sometimes achieved victories against the colonists but were steadily pushed back by European forces.

Question # 28. What, if any, obstacles led to political misunderstandings between the indigenous peoples of North America and European colonists?

A. None — Native Americans and settlers had very similar political systems.

B. Native Americans were disgusted when colonists urged them to grant equal rights to women.

C. Europeans were initially confused by the decentralized nature of power within indigenous tribes.

D. Europeans were shocked to learn that Native Americans had strict term limits for their chiefs.

Question # 29. The legislative assembly established in the 1640's in Virginia, now known as the General Assembly of Virginia, was the

A. Parliament

B. House of Burgesses

C. Continental Congress

D. House of Representatives

Question # 30. In 1619, African slavery was introduced to the Southern colonies and in the Caribbean because:

A. the tobacco plantations required a large labor force

B. these areas needed to have new markets opened in Africa

C. raw materials and natural resources were scarce in the Americas

D. eighty-five percent of European settlers returned to England within one year

Question # 31. The middle colonies had more diverse lifestyles than New England or the Southern colonies because they had a greater variety of:

A. Climate

B. Geography

C. cultural groups

D. political systems

Question # 32. Early European contact devastated Native American populations by introducing

A. Alcoholism

B. infectious disease

C. manufactured goods

D. weapons that used gun powder

Question # 33. The main economic activities of the New England colonies were

A. shipbuilding and fishing

B. mining and plantation farming

C. agriculture and mining

D. ironworks and agriculture

Question # 34. In which region were agriculture and plantation life most prevalent?

A. the middle colonies

B. the Southern colonies

C. the New England colonies

D. the western colonies

Question # 35. The Great Awakening of the 18th Century was a(n)

A. movement supporting public education

B. intellectual renaissance

C. industrial revolution

D. religious revival

Question # 36. The event which led to the growth of the Methodist and Baptist religions and which challenged the premise of an established church as well as the governmental order was

A. The Mayflower Compact

B. The Great Awakening

C. Bacon's Rebellion

D. The Zenger Trial

Question # 37. "Direct Democracy" is best illustrated by the

A. United States Congress

B. New England Town Meeting

C. House of Burgesses

D. English Parliament

Question # 38. All of the following are true of George Washington during the American Revolution EXCEPT

A. He was appointed Commander-in-Chief of the Continental Army by the Second Continental Congress.

B. he avoided any situation that threatened the destruction of the Continental Army

C. he led the Continental Army at the Battles of Lexington and Concord and Bunker Hill

D. He managed to keep the Continental Army intact even when defeat of the American cause seemed inevitable

Question # 39. The First Continental Congress was significant due to its

A. success in gaining the repeal of the Stamp Act

B. recognition of King George III as a legal legislative assembly equal to that of Parliament

C. attendance by representatives form 12 of the 13 colonies, demonstrating colonial unity

D. reducing tension between Britain and Massachusetts following the Battle of Bunker Hill

Question # 40. The Declaration of Independence strongly reflected the earlier writings of

A. John Lock and Thomas Paine

B. John Adams and Thomas Jefferson

C. John Dickinson and Patrick Henry

D. Jean-Jacques Rousseau and Benjamin Franklin

Question # 41. Fighting in Lexington and Concord broke out between British soldiers and:

A. German Hessians

B. New York Tories

C. French Mercenaries

D. Massachusetts "Minutemen."

Question # 42. Cornwallis surrendered his army to Washington at the Battle of

A. Yorktown

B. Trenton

C. Bunker Hill

D. Princeton

Question # 43. The Declaration of Independence stated that in a democracy, power comes from the

A. Government

B. People

C. British

D. King

Question # 44. "We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable rights that among these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness."

This quotation reflects the ideas mainly derived from

A. The Magna Carta

B. The divine right of monarch of Europe

C. John's Locke's theory of natural rights

D. Common Sense

Question # 45. The purpose of the Proclamation of 1763 was to

A. end the use of paper money as currency

B. give colonists control of the fur trade in the Ohio River Valley

C. enforce the Sugar Act

D. prevent conflict between the colonists and Indians west of the Appalachians

Question # 46. The national legislative branch, as defined in the US Constitution, would consist of

i. two-house (bi-cameral) legislature

ii. House of Representatives whose membership was based on the population of a state

iii. Senate whose membership was based on two Senators per state

A. i only

B. ii only

C. iii only

D. i and ii

E. i, ii, and iii

Question # 47. Those who supported the ratification of the United States' Constitution promised to add a Bill of Rights in order to

A. encourage economic development

B. prevent the return of English control over the new nation

C. increase the power of the national government over the states

D. persuade the Anti-Federalists to accept the Constitution

Question # 48. George Washington's contribution to the Constitution were based on his

A. well-publicized writings outlining the political theories of John Locke

B. extensive study of various forms of government including republicanism and democracy

C. tremendous prestige as he presided over the Convention

D. abilities in oratory and debate

Question # 49. During the debate over the ratification of the Constitution, Federalists and Anti-Federalist disagreed MOST strongly over the

A. division of powers between the national and state governments

B. provision for admitting new states to the union

C. distribution of power between the Senate and the House of Representatives

D. method of amending the constitution

Question # 50. The major reason the Bill of Rights was added to the Constitution was to

A. limit the power of the state governments

B. protect individual liberties from abuse by the federal government

C. provide for equal treatment of all people

D. separate powers between the three branches of government

Essay questions

Essay # 1 Write a response paper of 2-3 pages on THE 2ND WAR FOR IND. AND THE UPSURGE OF NATIONALISM, 1812–1824 with following questions to be addressed in the paper. Did the Missouri Compromise effectively deal with the sectional conflict over slavery or merely shove it out of view? Explain your view! Did the Supreme Court decisions under John Marshall’s leadership extend federal power too much? Is it appropriate that someone who was not elected should have such tremendous power to shape the government and the law? Is it appropriate that a political party’s ideology be implemented through the judiciary? Was the Monroe Doctrine a valuable assertion of the principles of liberty and self-determination in the Americas against potential European and monarchical intrusion or was it, in effect, an early manifestation of a patronizing and potentially imperialistic attitude by the United States toward Latin America?

Essay # 2 Based on THE RISE OF A MASS DEMOCRACY, 1824–1840 answer the following questions

What were the advantages and disadvantages of the new politics of mass democracy? Were such things as the spoils system, party machines, and hoopla-driven campaigns inevitable accompaniments of popular democracy, or could the people have been mobilized by a more open and less partisan system? Which side fared better as a result of the nullification crisis: the national government (and federal supremacy) or South Carolina (and states’ rights)? Why? How dramatically did President Jackson change the balance of power between the three branches of government? Did he dramatically expand the power of the executive branch? How was Jackson able to make the Bank War such an effective symbol of democracy and of his presidency? Why were his opponents, like Clay and Biddle, unable to counter his appeals, even when their arguments appeared to have economics and stability on their side?

Essay # 3 Compare and contrast the Articles of Confederation with the U.S. Constitution. What type of government did the Articles of Confederation create, and what did it “look like?” What were the problems with the Articles of Confederation? What type of government did the Constitutional Convention create in 1787? Did the government established by the Constitution suffer from the same problems as those faced by the Confederation government?