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Comprehension
Please note that these texts are included solely as exemplars in support of the Standards. Any additional use of those texts that are not in the public domain, such as for classroom use or curriculum development, requires independent permission from the rights holders. The texts may not be copied or distributed in any way other than as part of the overall Common Core State Standards Initiative documents.
Sample Performance Tasks The text exemplars are supplemented by brief performance tasks that further clarify the meaning of the Standards. These sample tasks illustrate specifically the application of the Standards to texts of sufficient complexity, quality, and range. Relevant Reading standards are noted in brackets following each task, and the words in italics in the task reflect the wording of the Reading standard itself. (Individual grade-specific Reading standards are identified by their strand, grade, and number, so that RI.4.3, for example, stands for Reading, Informational Text, grade 4, standard 3.)
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How to Read This Document The materials that follow are divided into text complexity grade bands as defined by the Standards: K–1, 2–3, 4–5, 6–8, 9–10, and 11–CCR. Each band’s exemplars are divided into text types matching those required in the Standards for a given grade. K–5 exemplars are separated into stories, poetry, and informational texts (as well as read-aloud texts in kindergarten through grade 3). The 6–CCR exemplars are divided into English language arts (ELA), history/social studies, and science, mathematics, and technical subjects, with the ELA texts further subdivided into stories, drama, poetry, and informational texts. (The history/social studies texts also include some arts-related texts.) Citations intro- duce each excerpt, and additional citations are included for texts not excerpted in the appendix. Within each grade band and after each text type, sample performance tasks are included for select texts.
Media Texts Selected excerpts are accompanied by annotated links to related media texts freely available online at the time of the publication of this document.
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table of contents
K–1 text exemplars ...........................................................................................................14
stories ...............................................................................................................................14
Minarik, Else Holmelund. Little Bear .............................................................................. 14
Eastman, P. D. Are You My Mother? ............................................................................... 15
Seuss, Dr. Green Eggs and Ham. ..................................................................................... 15
Lopshire, Robert. Put Me in the Zoo ............................................................................. 15
Lobel, Arnold. Frog and Toad Together ...................................................................... 15
Lobel, Arnold. Owl at Home ............................................................................................. 16
DePaola, Tomie. Pancakes for Breakfast ...................................................................... 17
Arnold, Tedd. Hi! Fly Guy ................................................................................................... 17
Poetry ................................................................................................................................ 17
Anonymous. “As I Was Going to St. Ives.” .................................................................. 17
Rossetti, Christina. “Mix a Pancake.” ............................................................................ 17
Fyleman, Rose. “Singing-Time.” ..................................................................................... 18
Milne, A. A. “Halfway Down.” ............................................................................................ 18
Chute, Marchette. “Drinking Fountain.” ....................................................................... 18
Hughes, Langston. “Poem.” .............................................................................................. 18
Ciardi, John. “Wouldn’t You?” .......................................................................................... 18
Wright, Richard. “Laughing Boy.” ................................................................................... 18
Greenfield, Eloise. “By Myself.” ........................................................................................ 18
Giovanni, Nikki. “Covers.” ................................................................................................... 18
Merriam, Eve. “It Fell in the City.” ................................................................................... 19
Lopez, Alonzo. “Celebration.” .......................................................................................... 19
Agee, Jon. “Two Tree Toads.” ........................................................................................... 19
read-aloud stories .......................................................................................................20
Baum, L. Frank. The Wonderful Wizard of Oz ..........................................................20
Wilder, Laura Ingalls. Little House in the Big Woods .............................................20
Atwater, Richard and Florence. Mr. Popper’s Penguins ......................................... 21
Jansson, Tove. Finn Family Moomintroll ...................................................................... 21
Haley, Gail E. A Story, A Story .......................................................................................... 21
Bang, Molly. The Paper Crane ......................................................................................... 22
Young, Ed. Lon Po Po: A Red-Riding Hood Story from China ............................ 23
Garza, Carmen Lomas. Family Pictures ...................................................................... 23
Mora, Pat. Tomás and the Library Lady ....................................................................... 23
Henkes, Kevin. Kitten’s First Full Moon ....................................................................... 24
read-aloud Poetry ........................................................................................................ 25
Anonymous. “The Fox’s Foray.” ..................................................................................... 25
Langstaff, John. Over in the Meadow. ......................................................................... 26
Lear, Edward. “The Owl and the Pussycat.” .............................................................. 27
Hughes, Langston. “April Rain Song.” .......................................................................... 27
Moss, Lloyd. Zin! Zin! Zin! a Violin ................................................................................. 27
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sample Performance tasks for stories and Poetry ............................................... 28
Informational texts ...................................................................................................... 28
Bulla, Clyde Robert. A Tree Is a Plant .......................................................................... 28
Aliki. My Five Senses .......................................................................................................... 29
Hurd, Edith Thacher. Starfish ..........................................................................................30
Aliki. A Weed is a Flower: The Life of George Washington Carver ..................30
Crews, Donald. Truck ..........................................................................................................30
Hoban, Tana. I Read Signs ................................................................................................30
Reid, Mary Ebeltoft. Let’s Find Out About Ice Cream ............................................ 31
“Garden Helpers.” National Geographic Young Explorers .................................... 31
“Wind Power.” National Geographic Young Explorers ........................................... 31
read-aloud Informational texts ................................................................................. 31
Provensen, Alice and Martin. The Year at Maple Hill Farm.................................... 31
Gibbons, Gail. Fire! Fire! ..................................................................................................... 31
Dorros, Arthur. Follow the Water from Brook to Ocean ....................................... 32
Rauzon, Mark, and Cynthia Overbeck Bix. Water, Water Everywhere ............ 33
Llewellyn, Claire. Earthworms ......................................................................................... 33
Jenkins, Steve, and Robin Page. What Do You Do With a Tail Like This? ...... 33
Pfeffer, Wendy. From Seed to Pumpkin ...................................................................... 33
Thomson, Sarah L. Amazing Whales! ...........................................................................34
Hodgkins, Fran, and True Kelley. How People Learned to Fly ............................34
sample Performance tasks for Informational texts .............................................. 36
Grades 2–3 text exemplars ........................................................................................... 37
stories .............................................................................................................................. 37
Gannett, Ruth Stiles. My Father’s Dragon. ................................................................. 37
Averill, Esther. The Fire Cat .............................................................................................. 37
Steig, William. Amos & Boris. .......................................................................................... 38
Shulevitz, Uri. The Treasure.............................................................................................. 38
Cameron, Ann. The Stories Julian Tells ....................................................................... 38
MacLachlan, Patricia. Sarah, Plain and Tall ................................................................ 38
Rylant, Cynthia. Henry and Mudge: The First Book of Their Adventures ....... 39
Stevens, Janet. Tops and Bottoms ................................................................................40
LaMarche, Jim. The Raft ....................................................................................................40
Rylant, Cynthia. Poppleton in Winter...........................................................................40
Rylant, Cynthia. The Lighthouse Family: The Storm ............................................... 41
Osborne, Mary Pope. The One-Eyed Giant (Book One of Tales from the Odyssey) .................................................................. 41
Silverman, Erica. Cowgirl Kate and Cocoa .................................................................42
Poetry ...............................................................................................................................43
Dickinson, Emily. “Autumn.” .............................................................................................43
Rossetti, Christina. “Who Has Seen the Wind?” ......................................................43
Millay, Edna St. Vincent. “Afternoon on a Hill.” .........................................................43
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Frost, Robert. “Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening.” ................................44
Field, Rachel. “Something Told the Wild Geese.” ....................................................44
Hughes, Langston. “Grandpa’s Stories.” .....................................................................44
Jarrell, Randall. “A Bat Is Born.” .....................................................................................44
Giovanni, Nikki. “Knoxville, Tennessee.” ......................................................................44
Merriam, Eve. “Weather.” ..................................................................................................45
Soto, Gary. “Eating While Reading.” ............................................................................45
read-aloud stories .......................................................................................................46
Kipling, Rudyard. “How the Camel Got His Hump.” ...............................................46
Thurber, James. The Thirteen Clocks ...........................................................................46
White, E. B. Charlotte’s Web ........................................................................................... 47
Selden, George. The Cricket in Times Square ........................................................... 47
Babbitt, Natalie. The Search for Delicious .................................................................48
Curtis, Christopher Paul. Bud, Not Buddy ..................................................................48
Say, Allen. The Sign Painter .............................................................................................49
read-aloud Poetry ........................................................................................................49
Lear, Edward. “The Jumblies.” ........................................................................................49
Browning, Robert. The Pied Piper of Hamelin ........................................................... 51
Johnson, Georgia Douglas. “Your World.” ................................................................. 52
Eliot, T. S. “The Song of the Jellicles.” ......................................................................... 52
Fleischman, Paul. “Fireflies.” ............................................................................................ 52
sample Performance tasks for stories and Poetry ............................................... 53
Informational texts ........................................................................................................ 53
Aliki. A Medieval Feast ....................................................................................................... 53
Gibbons, Gail. From Seed to Plant ................................................................................54
Milton, Joyce. Bats: Creatures of the Night ...............................................................54
Beeler, Selby. Throw Your Tooth on the Roof: Tooth Traditions Around the World ........................................................................54
Leonard, Heather. Art Around the World ................................................................... 55
Ruffin, Frances E. Martin Luther King and the March on Washington ............ 55
St. George, Judith. So You Want to Be President? ................................................. 55
Einspruch, Andrew. Crittercam ...................................................................................... 55
Kudlinski, Kathleen V. Boy, Were We Wrong About Dinosaurs .......................... 56
Davies, Nicola. Bat Loves the Night .............................................................................. 56
Floca, Brian. Moonshot: The Flight of Apollo 11 ....................................................... 56
Thomson, Sarah L. Where Do Polar Bears Live? ...................................................... 57
read-aloud Informational texts ................................................................................ 57
Freedman, Russell. Lincoln: A Photobiography ....................................................... 57
Coles, Robert. The Story of Ruby Bridges ................................................................. 58
Wick, Walter. A Drop of Water: A Book of Science and Wonder ...................... 58
Smith, David J. If the World Were a Village: A Book about the World’s People ........................................................................... 59
Aliki. Ah, Music! .................................................................................................................... 59
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Mark, Jan. The Museum Book: A Guide to Strange and Wonderful Collections ................................................ 59
D’Aluisio, Faith. What the World Eats ..........................................................................60
Arnosky, Jim. Wild Tracks! A Guide to Nature’s Footprints .................................60
Deedy, Carmen Agra. 14 Cows for America ...............................................................60
sample Performance tasks for Informational texts ...............................................61
Grades 4–5 text exemplars ........................................................................................... 63
stories .............................................................................................................................. 63
Carroll, Lewis. Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland ................................................... 63
Burnett, Frances Hodgson. The Secret Garden ....................................................... 63
Farley, Walter. The Black Stallion ...................................................................................64
Saint-Exupéry, Antoine de. The Little Prince ............................................................64
Babbitt, Natalie. Tuck Everlasting..................................................................................64
Singer, Isaac Bashevis. “Zlateh the Goat.” ..................................................................64
Hamilton, Virginia. M. C. Higgins, the Great...............................................................64
Erdrich, Louise. The Birchbark House .......................................................................... 65
Curtis, Christopher Paul. Bud, Not Buddy .................................................................. 65
Lin, Grace. Where the Mountain Meets the Moon ...................................................66
Poetry ...............................................................................................................................66
Blake, William. “The Echoing Green.” ..........................................................................66
Lazarus, Emma. “The New Colossus.” ......................................................................... 67
Thayer, Ernest Lawrence. “Casey at the Bat.” ........................................................... 67
Dickinson, Emily. “A Bird Came Down the Walk.” ...................................................68
Sandburg, Carl. “Fog.” .......................................................................................................69
Frost, Robert. “Dust of Snow.” ........................................................................................69
Dahl, Roald. “Little Red Riding Hood and the Wolf.” .............................................69
Nichols, Grace. “They Were My People.” ....................................................................69
Mora, Pat. “Words Free As Confetti.” ...........................................................................69
sample Performance tasks for stories and Poetry ...............................................70
Informational texts ........................................................................................................70
Berger, Melvin. Discovering Mars: The Amazing Story of the Red Planet ......70
Carlisle, Madelyn Wood. Let’s Investigate Marvelously Meaningful Maps ....... 71
Lauber, Patricia. Hurricanes: Earth’s Mightiest Storms ........................................... 71
Otfinoski, Steve. The Kid’s Guide to Money: Earning It, Saving It, Spending It, Growing It, Sharing It ....................................................... 71
Wulffson, Don. Toys!: Amazing Stories Behind Some Great Inventions .......... 71
Schleichert, Elizabeth. “Good Pet, Bad Pet.” ............................................................. 71
Kavash, E. Barrie. “Ancient Mound Builders.” ............................................................ 71
Koscielniak, Bruce. About Time: A First Look at Time and Clocks .................... 71
Banting, Erinn. England the Land .................................................................................. 72
Hakim, Joy. A History of US ............................................................................................. 72
Ruurs, Margriet. My Librarian Is a Camel: How Books Are Brought to Children Around the World ........................................................ 72
Simon, Seymour. Horses ................................................................................................... 73
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Montgomery, Sy. Quest for the Tree Kangaroo: An Expedition to the Cloud Forest of New Guinea .......................................... 73
Simon, Seymour. Volcanoes ............................................................................................ 74
Nelson, Kadir. We Are the Ship: The Story of Negro League Baseball ............ 74
Cutler, Nellie Gonzalez. “Kenya’s Long Dry Season.” ............................................. 74
Hall, Leslie. “Seeing Eye to Eye.”.................................................................................... 74
Ronan, Colin A. “Telescopes.” ......................................................................................... 75
Buckmaster, Henrietta. “Underground Railroad.” .................................................... 76
sample Performance tasks for Informational texts .............................................. 76
Grades 6–8 text exemplars ........................................................................................... 77
stories .............................................................................................................................. 77
Alcott, Louisa May. Little Women.................................................................................. 77
Twain, Mark. The Adventures of Tom Sawyer ........................................................... 77
L’Engle, Madeleine. A Wrinkle in Time ......................................................................... 79
Cooper, Susan. The Dark Is Rising ................................................................................. 79
Yep, Laurence. Dragonwings ...........................................................................................80
Taylor, Mildred D. Roll of Thunder, Hear My Cry .......................................................80
Hamilton, Virginia. “The People Could Fly.”...............................................................80
Paterson, Katherine. The Tale of the Mandarin Ducks ............................................ 81
Cisneros, Sandra. “Eleven.” ............................................................................................... 81
Sutcliff, Rosemary. Black Ships Before Troy: The Story of the Iliad................... 81
Drama ............................................................................................................................... 82
Fletcher, Louise. Sorry, Wrong Number ...................................................................... 82
Goodrich, Frances and Albert Hackett. The Diary of Anne Frank: A Play ..... 83
Poetry ............................................................................................................................... 83
Longfellow, Henry Wadsworth. “Paul Revere’s Ride.” ........................................... 83
Whitman, Walt. “O Captain! My Captain!” ................................................................. 85
Carroll, Lewis. “Jabberwocky.” ........................................................................................ 85
Navajo tradition. “Twelfth Song of Thunder.” ...........................................................86
Dickinson, Emily. “The Railway Train.” .........................................................................86
Yeats, William Butler. “The Song of Wandering Aengus.” ................................... 87
Frost, Robert. “The Road Not Taken.”.......................................................................... 87
Sandburg, Carl. “Chicago.” ............................................................................................... 87
Hughes, Langston. “I, Too, Sing America.” ................................................................. 88
Neruda, Pablo. “The Book of Questions.”................................................................... 88
Soto, Gary. “Oranges.” ....................................................................................................... 88
Giovanni, Nikki. “A Poem for My Librarian, Mrs. Long.” ........................................ 88
sample Performance tasks for stories, Drama, and Poetry ................................ 89
Informational texts: english Language arts ...........................................................90
Adams, John. “Letter on Thomas Jefferson.” ..........................................................90
Douglass, Frederick. Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass an American Slave, Written by Himself .................................................................. 91
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Churchill, Winston. “Blood, Toil, Tears and Sweat: Address to Parliament on May 13th, 1940.” .......................................................... 91
Petry, Ann. Harriet Tubman: Conductor on the Underground Railroad .......... 92
Steinbeck, John. Travels with Charley: In Search of America ............................. 92
sample Performance tasks for Informational texts: english Language arts ................................................................................................. 93
Informational texts: History/social studies ............................................................ 93
United States. Preamble and First Amendment to the United States Constitution. (1787, 1791) ................................................... 93
Lord, Walter. A Night to Remember ............................................................................. 93
Isaacson, Phillip. A Short Walk through the Pyramids and through the World of Art ................................................................................... 93
Murphy, Jim. The Great Fire.............................................................................................94
Greenberg, Jan, and Sandra Jordan. Vincent Van Gogh: Portrait of an Artist .......................................................................................................94
Partridge, Elizabeth. This Land Was Made for You and Me: The Life and Songs of Woody Guthrie ..................................................................94
Monk, Linda R. Words We Live By: Your Annotated Guide to the Constitution .......................................................... 95
Freedman, Russell. Freedom Walkers: The Story of the Montgomery Bus Boycott ......................................................... 95
Informational texts: science, mathematics, and technical subjects ................96
Macaulay, David. Cathedral: The Story of Its Construction .................................96
Mackay, Donald. The Building of Manhattan .............................................................96
Enzensberger, Hans Magnus. The Number Devil: A Mathematical Adventure ........................................................................................96
Peterson, Ivars and Nancy Henderson. Math Trek: Adventures in the Math Zone .................................................................................... 97
Katz, John. Geeks: How Two Lost Boys Rode the Internet out of Idaho ........ 97
Petroski, Henry. “The Evolution of the Grocery Bag.” ...........................................98
“Geology.” U*X*L Encyclopedia of Science ...............................................................98
“Space Probe.” Astronomy & Space: From the Big Bang to the Big Crunch ...................................................................98
“Elementary Particles.” New Book of Popular Science .........................................99
California Invasive Plant Council. Invasive Plant Inventory ..................................99
sample Performance tasks for Informational texts: History/social studies & science, mathematics, and technical subjects....... 100
Grades 9–10 text exemplars ........................................................................................ 101
stories ............................................................................................................................. 101
Homer. The Odyssey .......................................................................................................... 101
Ovid. Metamorphoses ....................................................................................................... 101
Gogol, Nikolai. “The Nose.” .............................................................................................102
De Voltaire, F. A. M. Candide, Or The Optimist ...................................................... 103
Turgenev, Ivan. Fathers and Sons ................................................................................ 104
Henry, O. “The Gift of the Magi.” .................................................................................. 104
Kafka, Franz. The Metamorphosis ............................................................................... 105
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Steinbeck, John. The Grapes of Wrath ...................................................................... 105
Bradbury, Ray. Fahrenheit 451 ...................................................................................... 106
Olsen, Tillie. “I Stand Here Ironing.” ............................................................................ 106
Achebe, Chinua. Things Fall Apart ...............................................................................107
Lee, Harper. To Kill A Mockingbird ...............................................................................107
Shaara, Michael. The Killer Angels............................................................................... 108
Tan, Amy. The Joy Luck Club ........................................................................................ 108
Álvarez, Julia. In the Time of the Butterflies ........................................................... 108
Zusak, Marcus. The Book Thief ..................................................................................... 109
Drama .............................................................................................................................. 110
Sophocles. Oedipus Rex .................................................................................................. 110
Shakespeare, William. The Tragedy of Macbeth .......................................................111
Ibsen, Henrik. A Doll’s House ..........................................................................................113
Williams, Tennessee. The Glass Menagerie ................................................................114
Ionesco, Eugene. Rhinoceros. .........................................................................................115
Fugard, Athol. “Master Harold”…and the boys .........................................................116
Poetry .............................................................................................................................. 116
Shakespeare, William. “Sonnet 73.” ..............................................................................116
Donne, John. “Song.” .........................................................................................................116
Shelley, Percy Bysshe. “Ozymandias.” ......................................................................... 117
Poe, Edgar Allan. “The Raven.” ...................................................................................... 117
Dickinson, Emily. “We Grow Accustomed to the Dark.” .......................................119
Houseman, A. E. “Loveliest of Trees.” ........................................................................ 120
Johnson, James Weldon. “Lift Every Voice and Sing.” ....................................... 120
Cullen, Countee. “Yet Do I Marvel.” ............................................................................. 120
Auden, Wystan Hugh. ”Musée des Beaux Arts.” ................................................... 120
Walker, Alice. “Women.” .................................................................................................. 120
Baca, Jimmy Santiago. “I Am Offering This Poem to You.” ................................ 121
sample Performance tasks for stories, Drama, and Poetry ................................121
Informational texts: english Language arts ..........................................................122
Henry, Patrick. “Speech to the Second Virginia Convention.” ........................... 122
Washington, George. “Farewell Address.” ...............................................................123
Lincoln, Abraham. “Gettysburg Address.” ...............................................................123
Lincoln, Abraham. “Second Inaugural Address.” ...................................................124
Roosevelt, Franklin Delano. “State of the Union Address.” ...............................124
Hand, Learned. “I Am an American Day Address.” ..............................................125
Smith, Margaret Chase. “Remarks to the Senate in Support of a Declaration of Conscience.” ...........................................................................125
King, Jr., Martin Luther. “Letter from Birmingham Jail.” ...................................... 127
King, Jr., Martin Luther. “I Have a Dream: Address Delivered at the March on Washington, D.C., for Civil Rights on August 28, 1963.” ............ 127
Angelou, Maya. I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings ...............................................128
Wiesel, Elie. “Hope, Despair and Memory.”...............................................................128
Reagan, Ronald. “Address to Students at Moscow State University.” ............128
Quindlen, Anna. “A Quilt of a Country.” .....................................................................129
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sample Performance tasks for Informational texts: english Language arts ................................................................................................129
Informational texts: History/social studies .......................................................... 130
Brown, Dee. Bury My Heart at Wounded Knee: An Indian History of the American West ............................................................ 130
Connell, Evan S. Son of the Morning Star: Custer and the Little Bighorn .... 130
Gombrich, E. H. The Story of Art, 16th Edition .........................................................131
Kurlansky, Mark. Cod: A Biography of the Fish That Changed the World .....131
Haskins, Jim. Black, Blue and Gray: African Americans in the Civil War ........131
Dash, Joan. The Longitude Prize ..................................................................................132
Thompson, Wendy. The Illustrated Book of Great Composers .........................132
Mann, Charles C. Before Columbus: The Americas of 1491 .................................133
Informational texts: science, mathematics, and technical subjects ...............133
Euclid. Elements ..................................................................................................................133
Cannon, Annie J. “Classifying the Stars.” ..................................................................135
Walker, Jearl. “Amusement Park Physics.” ................................................................136
Preston, Richard. The Hot Zone: A Terrifying True Story .....................................136
Devlin, Keith. Life by the Numbers .............................................................................. 137
Hoose, Phillip. The Race to Save Lord God Bird ..................................................... 137
Hakim, Joy. The Story of Science: Newton at the Center .................................... 137
Nicastro, Nicholas. Circumference: Eratosthenes and the Ancient Quest to Measure the Globe .................................................................... 137
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency/U.S. Department of Energy. Recommended Levels of Insulation .......................................................................138
sample Performance tasks for Informational texts: History/social studies & science, mathematics, and technical subjects........138
Grades 11–ccr text exemplars ................................................................................... 140
stories ............................................................................................................................ 140
Chaucer, Geoffrey. The Canterbury Tales ................................................................ 140
de Cervantes, Miguel. Don Quixote ............................................................................ 140
Austen, Jane. Pride and Prejudice ...............................................................................142
Poe, Edgar Allan. “The Cask of Amontillado.” .........................................................143
Brontë, Charlotte. Jane Eyre ......................................................................................... 144
Hawthorne, Nathaniel. The Scarlet Letter .................................................................145
Dostoevsky, Fyodor. Crime and Punishment .......................................................... 146
Jewett, Sarah Orne. “A White Heron.” ....................................................................... 146
Melville, Herman. Billy Budd, Sailor .............................................................................147
Chekhov, Anton. “Home.” ................................................................................................148
Fitzgerald, F. Scott. The Great Gatsby ....................................................................... 149
Faulkner, William. As I Lay Dying ................................................................................. 149
Hemingway, Ernest. A Farewell to ............................................................................. 150
Hurston, Zora Neale. Their Eyes Were Watching God ......................................... 150
Borges, Jorge Luis. “The Garden of Forking Paths.” ............................................ 150
Bellow, Saul. The Adventures of Augie March ..........................................................151
Morrison, Toni. The Bluest Eye ....................................................................................... 152
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Garcia, Cristina. Dreaming in Cuban ........................................................................... 152
Lahiri, Jhumpa. The Namesake ...................................................................................... 152
Drama ..............................................................................................................................153
Shakespeare, William. The Tragedy of Hamlet ........................................................153
Molière, Jean-Baptiste Poquelin. Tartuffe .................................................................153
Wilde, Oscar. The Importance of Being Earnest .....................................................154
Wilder, Thornton. Our Town: A Play in Three Acts .................................................156
Miller, Arthur. Death of a Salesman ..............................................................................156
Hansberry, Lorraine. A Raisin in the Sun ....................................................................156
Soyinka, Wole. Death and the King’s Horseman: A Play ...................................... 157
Poetry ..............................................................................................................................157
Li Po. “A Poem of Changgan.” ....................................................................................... 157
Donne, John. “A Valediction Forbidding Mourning.” ............................................ 157
Wheatley, Phyllis. “On Being Brought From Africa to America.” .....................158
Keats, John. “Ode on a Grecian Urn.” .........................................................................158
Whitman, Walt. “Song of Myself.” ................................................................................159
Dickinson, Emily. “Because I Could Not Stop for Death.” .................................. 160
Tagore, Rabindranath. “Song VII.” ............................................................................... 160
Eliot, T. S. “The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock.” ................................................. 160
Pound, Ezra. “The River Merchant’s Wife: A Letter.” ............................................ 160
Frost, Robert. “Mending Wall.” .......................................................................................161
Neruda, Pablo. “Ode to My Suit.” .................................................................................162
Bishop, Elizabeth. “Sestina.” ...........................................................................................162
Ortiz Cofer, Judith. “The Latin Deli: An Ars Poetica.” ...........................................162
Dove, Rita. “Demeter’s Prayer to Hades.”..................................................................163
Collins, Billy. “Man Listening to Disc.” .........................................................................163
sample Performance tasks for stories, Drama, and Poetry ...............................163
Informational texts: english Language arts ......................................................... 164
Paine, Thomas. Common Sense ................................................................................... 164
Jefferson, Thomas. The Declaration of Independence ........................................ 164
United States. The Bill of Rights (Amendments One through Ten of the United States Constitution). .......................................................................166
Thoreau, Henry David. Walden ......................................................................................167
Emerson, Ralph Waldo. “Society and Solitude.”.....................................................167
Porter, Horace. “Lee Surrenders to Grant, April 9th, 1865.” ...............................168
Chesterton, G. K. “The Fallacy of Success.” ..............................................................169
Mencken, H. L. The American Language, 4th Edition ...........................................169
Wright, Richard. Black Boy .............................................................................................170
Orwell, George. “Politics and the English Language.” ..........................................170
Hofstadter, Richard. “Abraham Lincoln and the Self-Made Myth.” ..................170
Tan, Amy. “Mother Tongue.” ...........................................................................................170
Anaya, Rudolfo. “Take the Tortillas Out of Your Poetry.” .....................................171
sample Performance tasks for Informational texts: english Language arts .................................................................................................171
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Informational texts: History/social studies ...........................................................172
Tocqueville, Alexis de. Democracy in America ........................................................ 172
Declaration of Sentiments by the Seneca Falls Conference .............................. 172
Douglass, Frederick. “What to the Slave Is the Fourth of July?: An Address Delivered in Rochester, New York, on 5 July 1852.” ................ 173
An American Primer. Edited by Daniel J. Boorstin ................................................ 175
Lagemann, Ellen Condliffe. “Education.” ................................................................... 175
McPherson, James M. What They Fought For 1861–1865 .................................... 175
The American Reader: Words that Moved a Nation, 2nd Edition ..................... 175
Amar, Akhil Reed. America’s Constitution: A Biography .....................................176
McCullough, David. 1776 ..................................................................................................176
Bell, Julian. Mirror of the World: A New History of Art ........................................176
FedViews by the Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco .................................. 177
Informational texts: science, mathematics, and technical subjects ...............179
Paulos, John Allen. Innumeracy: Mathematical Illiteracy and Its Consequences ..................................................179
Gladwell, Malcolm. The Tipping Point: How Little Things Can Make a Big Difference ........................................................................................179
Tyson, Neil deGrasse. “Gravity in Reverse: The Tale of Albert Einstein’s ‘Greatest Blunder.’” .............................................179
Calishain, Tara, and Rael Dornfest. Google Hacks: Tips & Tools for Smarter Searching, 2nd Edition ............................................. 180
Kane, Gordon. “The Mysteries of Mass.” ................................................................... 180
Fischetti, Mark. “Working Knowledge: Electronic Stability Control.” ..............181
U.S. General Services Administration. Executive Order 13423: Strengthening Federal Environmental, Energy, and Transportation Management ............................................................................181
Kurzweil, Ray. “The Coming Merger of Mind and Machine.” ..............................182
Gibbs, W. Wayt. “Untangling the Roots of Cancer.” ..............................................182
Gawande, Atul. “The Cost Conundrum: Health Care Costs in McAllen, Texas.” ..................................................................183
sample Performance tasks for Informational texts: History/social studies & science, mathematics, and technical subjects........183
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K–1 text exemplars
Stories
Minarik, Else Holmelund. Little Bear. Illustrated by Maurice Sendak. New York: HarperCollins, 1957. (1957) From “Birthday Soup”
“Mother Bear, Mother Bear, Where are you?” calls Little Bear.
“Oh, dear, Mother Bear is not here, and today is my birthday.
“I think my friends will come, but I do not see a birthday cake. My goodness – no birthday cake. What can I do?
The pot is by the fire. The water in the pot is hot. If I put something in the water, I can make Birthday Soup. All my friends like soup.
Let me see what we have. We have carrots and potatoes, peas and tomatoes; I can make soup with carrots, potatoes, peas and tomatoes.”
So Little Bear begins to make soup in the big black pot. First, Hen comes in. “Happy Birthday, Little Bear,” she says. “Thank you, Hen,” says Little Bear.
Hen says, “My! Something smells good here. Is it in the big black pot?”
“Yes,” says Little Bear, “I am making Birthday Soup. Will you stay and have some?”
“Oh, yes, thank you,” says Hen. And she sits down to wait.
Next, Duck comes in. “Happy Birthday, Little bear,” says Duck. “My, something smells good. Is it in the big black pot?”
“Thank you, Duck,” says Little Bear. “Yes, I am making Birthday Soup. Will you stay and have some with us?”
“Thank you, yes, thank you,” says Duck. And she sits down to wait.
Next, Cat comes in.
“Happy Birthday, Little Bear,” he says.
“Thank you, Cat,” says Little Bear. “I hope you like Birthday Soup. I am making Birthday Soup.
Cat says, “Can you really cook? If you can really make it, I will eat it.”
“Good,” says Little Bear. “The Birthday Soup is hot, so we must eat it now. We cannot wait for Mother Bear. I do not know where she is.”
“Now, here is some soup for you, Hen,” says Little Bear. “And here is some soup for you, Duck, and here is some soup for you, Cat, and here is some soup for me. Now we can all have some Birthday Soup.”
Cat sees Mother Bear at the door, and says, “Wait, Little Bear. Do not eat yet. Shut your eyes, and say one, two, three.”
Little Bear shuts his eyes and says, “One, two, three.”
Mother Bear comes in with a big cake.
“Now, look,” says Cat.
“Oh, Mother Bear,” says Little Bear, “what a big beautiful Birthday Cake! Birthday Soup is good to eat, but not as good as Birthday Cake. I am so happy you did not forget.”
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“Yes, Happy Birthday, Little Bear!” says Mother Bear. “This Birthday Cake is a surprise for you. I never did forget your birthday, and I never will.”
TEXT COPYRIGHT © 1957 BY ELSE HOLMELUND MINARIK. ILLUSTRATIONS COPYRIGHT © 1957 BY MAURICE SEN- DAK. Used by permission of HarperCollins Publishers.
Eastman, P. D. Are You My Mother? New York: Random House, 1960. (1960)
A mother bird sat on her egg.
The egg jumped.
“Oh oh!” said the mother bird. “My baby will be here! He will want to eat.”
“I must get something for my baby bird to eat!” she said. “I will be back!”
So away she went.
From ARE YOU MY MOTHER? by P. D. Eastman, copyright © 1960 by P. D. Eastman. Copyright renewed 1988 by Mary L. Eastman. Used by permission of Random House Children’s Books, a division of Random House, Inc.
Seuss, Dr. Green Eggs and Ham. New York: Random House, 1960. (1960)
Lopshire, Robert. Put Me in the Zoo. New York: Random House, 1960. (1960)
I will go into the zoo. I want to see it. Yes, I do.
I would like to live this way. This is where I want to stay.
Will you keep me in the zoo? I want to stay in here with you.
From PUT ME IN THE ZOO by Robert Lopshire, copyright © 1960, renewed 1988 by Robert Lopshire. Used by permis- sion of Random House Children’s Books, a division of Random House, Inc. All rights reserved. Any additional use of this text, such as for classroom use or curriculum development, requires independent permission from Random House, Inc.
Mayer, Mercer. A Boy, a Dog and a Frog. New York: Dial, 2003. (1967)
This is a wordless book appropriate for kindergarten.
Lobel, Arnold. Frog and Toad Together. New York: HarperCollins, 1971. (1971) From “The Garden”
Frog was in his garden. Toad came walking by.
“What a fine garden you have, Frog,” he said.
“Yes,” said Frog. “It is very nice, but it was hard work.”
“I wish I had a garden,” said Toad.
“Here are some flower seeds. Plant them in the ground,” said Frog, “and soon you will have a garden.”
“How soon?” asked Toad.
“Quite soon,” said Frog.
Toad ran home. He planted the flower seeds.
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“Now seeds,” said Toad, “start growing.”
Toad walked up and down a few times. The seeds did not start to grow. Toad put his head close to the ground and said loudly, “Now seeds, start growing!” Toad looked at the ground again. The seeds did not start to grow.
Toad put his head very close to the ground and shouted, “NOW SEEDS, START GROWING!”
Frog came running up the path. “What is all this noise?” he asked. “My seeds will not grow,” said Toad. “You are shouting too much,” said Frog. “These poor seeds are afraid to grow.”
“My seeds are afraid to grow?” asked Toad.
“Of course,” said Frog. “Leave them alone for a few days. Let the sun shine on them, let the rain fall on them. Soon your seeds will start to grow.”
That night, Toad looked out of his window. “Drat!” said Toad. “My seeds have not started to grow. They must be afraid of the dark.”
Toad went out to his garden with some candles. “I will read the seeds a story,” said Toad. “Then they will not be afraid.” Toad read a long story to his seeds.
All the next day Toad sang songs to his seeds.
And all the next day Toad read poems to his seeds.
And all the next day Toad played music for his seeds.
Toad looked at the ground. The seeds still did not start to grow. “What shall I do?” cried Toad. “These must be the most frightened seeds in the whole world!”
Then Toad felt very tired and he fell asleep.
“Toad, Toad, wake up,” said Frog. “Look at your garden!”
Toad looked at his garden. Little green plants were coming up out of the ground.
“At last,” shouted Toad, “my seeds have stopped being afraid to grow!”
“And now you will have a nice garden too,” said Frog.
“Yes,” said Toad, “but you were right, Frog. It was very hard work.”
TEXT COPYRIGHT © 1971, 1972 BY ARNOLD LOBEL. Used by permission of HarperCollins Publishers.
Lobel, Arnold. Owl at Home. New York: HarperCollins, 1975. (1975) From “Owl and the Moon”
One night Owl went down to the seashore. He sat on a large rock and looked out at the waves. Everything was dark. Then a small tip of the moon came up over the edge of the sea.
Owl watched the moon. It climbed higher and higher into the sky. Soon the whole, round moon was shining. Owl sat on the rock and looked up at the moon for a long time. “If I am looking at you, moon, then you must be looking back at me. We must be very good friends.”
The moon did not answer, but Owl said, “I will come back and see you again, moon. But now I must go home.” Owl walked down the path. He looked up at the sky. The moon was still there. It was following him.
“No, no, moon,” said Owl. “It is kind of you to light my way. But you must stay up over the sea where you look so fine.” Owl walked on a little farther. He looked at the sky again. There was the moon coming right along with him. “Dear moon,” said Owl, “you really must not come home with me. My house is small. You would not fit through the door. And I have nothing to give you for supper.”
Owl kept on walking. The moon sailed after him over the tops of the trees. “Moon,” said Owl, “I think that you do not hear me.” Owl climbed to the top of a hill. He shouted as loudly as he could, “Good-bye, moon!”
The moon went behind some clouds. Owl looked and looked. The moon was gone. “It is always a little sad to say good-bye to a friend,” said Owl.
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Owl came home. He put on his pajamas and went to bed. The room was very dark. Owl was still feeling sad. All at once, Owl’s bedroom was filled with silver light. Owl looked out of the window. The moon was coming from behind the clouds. “Moon, you have followed me all the way home. What a good, round friend you are!” said Owl.
Then Owl put his head on the pillow and closed his eyes. The moon was shining down through the window. Owl did not feel sad at all.
COPYRIGHT © 1975 BY ARNOLD LOBEL. Used by permission of HarperCollins Publishers.
DePaola, Tomie. Pancakes for Breakfast. New York: Houghton Mifflin, 1978. (1978)
This is a wordless book appropriate for kindergarten.
Arnold, Tedd. Hi! Fly Guy. New York: Scholastic, 2006. (2006) From Chapter 1
A fly went flying. He was looking for something to eat—something tasty, something slimy. A boy went walking He was looking for something to catch—something smart, something for The Amazing Pet Show. They met. The boy caught the fly in a jar. “A pet!” He said. The fly was mad. He wanted to be free. He stomped his foot and said—Buzz! The boy was surprised. He said, “You know my name! You are the smartest pet in the world!”
From HI! FLY GUY by Tedd Arnold. Scholastic Inc./Cartwheel Books. Copyright © 2005 by Tedd Arnold. Used by per- mission.
Poetry
Anonymous. “As I Was Going to St. Ives.” The Oxford Dictionary of Nursery Rhymes. Edited by Iona and Peter Opie. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1997. (c1800, traditional)
As I was going to St. Ives, I met a man with seven wives, Each wife had seven sacks, Each sack had seven cats, Each cat had seven kits: Kits, cats, sacks, and wives, How many were there going to St. Ives?
Rossetti, Christina. “Mix a Pancake.” Read-Aloud Rhymes for the Very Young. Selected by Jack Prelutsky. Illustrated by Marc Brown. New York: Knopf, 1986. (1893)
Mix a pancake, Stir a pancake, Pop it in the pan; Fry the pancake, Toss the pancake— Catch it if you can.
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Fyleman, Rose. “Singing-Time.” Read-Aloud Rhymes for the Very Young. Selected by Jack Prelutsky. Illustrated by Marc Brown. New York: Knopf, 1986. (1919)
I wake in the morning early And always, the very first thing, I poke out my head and I sit up in bed And I sing and I sing and I sing.
Milne, A. A. “Halfway Down.” When We Were Very Young. Illustrated by Ernest H. Shepard. New York: Dutton, 1988. (1924)
Chute, Marchette. “Drinking Fountain.” Read-Aloud Rhymes for the Very Young. Selected by Jack Prelutsky. Illustrated by Marc Brown. New York: Knopf, 1986. (1957)
When I climb up To get a drink, It doesn’t work The way you’d think.
I turn it up, The water goes And hits me right Upon the nose.
I turn it down To make it small And don’t get any Drink at all.
From Around and About by Marchette Chute, published 1957 by E.P. Dutton. Copyright renewed by Marchette Chute, 1985. Reprinted by permission of Elizabeth Hauser.
Hughes, Langston. “Poem.” The Collected Poems of Langston Hughes. New York: Knopf, 1994. (1958)
Ciardi, John. “Wouldn’t You?” Read-Aloud Rhymes for the Very Young. Selected by Jack Prelutsky. Illustrated by Marc Brown. New York: Knopf, 1986. (1961)
If I Could go As high And low As the wind As the wind As the wind Can blow—
I’d go!
COPYRIGHT © 1962 BY JOHN CIARDI. Used by permission of HarperCollins Publishers.
Wright, Richard. “Laughing Boy.” Winter Poems. Selected by Barbara Rogasky. Illustrated by Trina Schart Hyman. New York: Scholastic, 1994. (1973) [Note: This poem was originally titled “In the Falling Snow.”]
Greenfield, Eloise. “By Myself.” Honey, I Love, and Other Love Poems. Illustrated by Leo and Diane Dillon. New York: Crowell, 1978. (1978)
Giovanni, Nikki. “Covers.” The 20th Century Children’s Poetry Treasury. Selected by Jack Prelutsky. Illustrated by Meilo So. New York: Knopf, 1999. (1980)
Glass covers windows to keep the cold away Clouds cover the sky to make a rainy day
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Nighttime covers all the things that creep Blankets cover me when I’m asleep
COPYRIGHT © 1980 BY Nikki Giovanni. Used by permission.
Merriam, Eve. “It Fell in the City.” Read-Aloud Rhymes for the Very Young. Selected by Jack Prelutsky. Illustrated by Marc Brown. New York: Knopf, 1986. (1985)
Lopez, Alonzo. “Celebration.” Song and Dance. Selected by Lee Bennett Hopkins. Illustrated by Cheryl Munro Taylor. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1997. (1993)
I shall dance tonight. When the dusk comes crawling, There will be dancing and feasting. I shall dance with the others in circles, in leaps, in stomps. Laughter and talk Will weave into the night, Among the fires of my people. Games will be played And I shall be a part of it.
From WHISPERING WIND by Terry Allen, copyright © 1972 by the Institute of American Indian Arts. Used by permis- sion of Doubleday, a division of Random House, Inc. All rights reserved. Any additional use of this text, such as for classroom use or curriculum development, requires independent permission from Random House, Inc.
Agee, Jon. “Two Tree Toads.” Orangutan Tongs. New York: Hyperion, 2009. (2009)
A three-toed tree toad tried to tie A two-toed tree toad’s shoe. But tying two-toed shoes is hard For three-toed toads to do, Since three-toed shoes each have three toes, And two-toed shoes have two.
“Please tie my two-toed tree toad shoe!” The two-toed tree toad cried. “I tried my best. Now I must go,” The three-toed tree toad sighed. The two-toed tree toad’s two-toed shoe, Alas, remained untied.
From Jon Agee’s Orangutan Tongs © 2009 by Jon Agee. Reprinted by Permission of Disney∙Hyperion, an imprint of Disney Book Group LLC, All Rights Reserved.
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Read-Aloud Stories
Baum, L. Frank. The Wonderful Wizard of Oz. Illustrated by W. W. Denslow. New York: HarperCollins, 2000. (1900) From Chapter 1: “The Cyclone”
Dorothy lived in the midst of the great Kansas prairies, with Uncle Henry, who was a farmer, and Aunt Em, who was the farmer’s wife. Their house was small, for the lumber to build it had to be carried by wagon many miles. There were four walls, a floor and a roof, which made one room; and this room contained a rusty looking cookstove, a cupboard for the dishes, a table, three or four chairs, and the beds. Uncle Henry and Aunt Em had a big bed in one corner, and Dorothy a little bed in another corner. There was no garret at all, and no cellar—except a small hole dug in the ground, called a cy- clone cellar, where the family could go in case one of those great whirlwinds arose, mighty enough to crush any building in its path. It was reached by a trap door in the middle of the floor, from which a ladder led down into the small, dark hole.
When Dorothy stood in the doorway and looked around, she could see nothing but the great gray prairie on every side. Not a tree nor a house broke the broad sweep of flat country that reached to the edge of the sky in all direc- tions. The sun had baked the plowed land into a gray mass, with little cracks running through it. Even the grass was not green, for the sun had burned the tops of the long blades until they were the same gray color to be seen every- where. Once the house had been painted, but the sun blistered the paint and the rains washed it away, and now the house was as dull and gray as everything else.
When Aunt Em came there to live she was a young, pretty wife. The sun and wind had changed her, too. They had taken the sparkle from her eyes and left them a sober gray; they had taken the red from her cheeks and lips, and they were gray also. She was thin and gaunt, and never smiled now. When Dorothy, who was an orphan, first came to her, Aunt Em had been so startled by the child’s laughter that she would scream and press her hand upon her heart whenever Dorothy’s merry voice reached her ears; and she still looked at the little girl with wonder that she could find anything to laugh at.
Uncle Henry never laughed. He worked hard from morning till night and did not know what joy was. He was gray also, from his long beard to his rough boots, and he looked stern and solemn, and rarely spoke.
It was Toto that made Dorothy laugh, and saved her from growing as gray as her other surroundings. Toto was not gray; he was a little black dog, with long silky hair and small black eyes that twinkled merrily on either side of his funny, wee nose. Toto played all day long, and Dorothy played with him, and loved him dearly.
Today, however, they were not playing. Uncle Henry sat upon the doorstep and looked anxiously at the sky, which was even grayer than usual. Dorothy stood in the door with Toto in her arms, and looked at the sky too. Aunt Em was washing the dishes.
Wilder, Laura Ingalls. Little House in the Big Woods. Illustrated by Garth Williams. New York: HarperCollins, 2007. (1932) From “Two Big Bears”
The Story of Pa and the Bear in the Way
When I went to town yesterday with the furs I found it hard walking in the soft snow. It took me a long time to get to town, and other men with furs had come in earlier to do their trading. The storekeeper was busy, and I had to wait until he could look at my furs.
Then we had to bargain about the price of each one, and then I had to pick out the things I wanted to take in trade.
So it was nearly sundown before I could start home.
I tried to hurry, but the walking was hard and I was tired, so I had not gone far before night came. And I was alone in the Big Woods without my gun.
There were still six miles to walk, and I came along as fast as I could. The night grew darker and darker, and I wished for my gun, because I knew that some of the bears had come out of their winter dens. I had seen their tracks when I went to town in the morning.
Bears are hungry and cross at this time of year; you know they have been sleeping in their dens all winter long with nothing to eat, and that makes them thin and angry when they wake up. I did not want to meet one.
I hurried along as quick as I could in the dark. By and by the stars gave a little light. It was still black as pitch where the woods were thick, but in the open places I could see, dimly. I could see the snowy road ahead a little way, and I could see the dark woods standing all around me. I was glad when I came into an open place where the stars gave me this faint light.
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All the time I was watching, as well as I could, for bears. I was listening for the sounds they make when they go care- lessly through the bushes.
Then I came again into an open place, and there, right in the middle of my road, I saw a big black bear.
Atwater, Richard and Florence. Mr. Popper’s Penguins. Illustrated by Robert Lawson. New York: Little, Brown, 1988. (1938) From Chapter 1: “Stillwater”
It was an afternoon in late September. In the pleasant little city of Stillwater, Mr. Popper, the house painter was going home from work.
He was carrying his buckets, his ladders, and his boards so that he had rather a hard time moving along. He was spat- tered here and there with paint and calcimine, and there were bits of wallpaper clinging to his hair and whiskers, for he was rather an untidy man.
The children looked up from their play to smile at him as he passed, and the housewives, seeing him, said, “Oh dear, there goes Mr. Popper. I must remember to ask John to have the house painted over in the spring.”
No one knew what went on inside of Mr.Popper’s head, and no one guessed that he would one day be the most fa- mous person in Stillwater.
He was a dreamer. Even when he was busiest smoothing down the paste on the wallpaper, or painting the outside of other people’s houses, he would forget what he was doing. Once he had painted three sides of a kitchen green, and the other side yellow. The housewife, instead of being angry and making him do it over, had liked it so well that she had made him leave it that way. And all the other housewives, when they saw it, admired it too, so that pretty soon everybody in Stillwater had two-colored kitchens.
The reason Mr. Popper was so absent-minded was that he was always dreaming about far-away countries. He had never been out of Stillwater. Not that he was unhappy. He had a nice little house of his own, a wife whom he loved dearly, and two children, named Janie and Bill. Still, it would have been nice, he often thought, if he could have seen something of the world before he met Mrs. Popper and settled down. He had never hunted tigers in India, or climbed the peaks of the Himalayas, or dived for pearls in the South Seas. Above all, he had never seen the Poles.
Jansson, Tove. Finn Family Moomintroll. Translated by Elizabeth Portch. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 1990. (1948) From “Preface”
One grey morning the first snow began to fall in the Valley of the Moomins. It fell softly and quietly, and in a few hours everything was white.
Moomintroll stood on his doorstep and watched the valley nestle beneath its winter blanket. “Tonight,” he thought, “we shall settle down for our long winter’s sleep.” (All Moomintrolls go to sleep about November. This is a good idea, too if you don’t like the cold and the long winter darkness.) Shutting the door behind him, Moomintroll stole in to his mother and said:
“The snow has come!”
“I know,” said Moominmamma. “I have already made up all your beds with the warmest blankets. You’re to sleep in the little room under the eaves with Sniff.”
“But Sniff snores so horribly,” said Moomintroll. “Couldn’t I sleep with Snufkin instead?”
“As you like, dear,” said Moominmamma. “Sniff can sleep in the room that faces east.”
So the Moomin family, their friends, and all their acquaintances began solemnly and with great ceremony to prepare for the long winter. Moominmamma laid the table for them on the verandah but they only had pine-needles for sup- per. (It’s important to have your tummy full of pine if you intend to sleep all the winter.) When the meal was over, and I’m afraid it didn’t taste very nice, they all said good-night to each other, rather more cheerfully than usual, and Moominmamma encouraged them to clean their teeth.
Haley, Gail E. A Story, A Story. New York: Atheneum, 1970. (1970)
Once, oh small children round my knee, there were no stories on earth to hear. All the stories belonged to Nyame, the
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Sky God. He kept them in a golden box next to his royal stool.
Ananse, the Spider Man, wanted to buy the Sky God’s stories. So he spun a web up to the sky.
When the Sky God heard what Ananse wanted, he laughed: “Twe, twe, twe. The price of my stories is that you bring me Osebo the leopard of-the-terrible-teeth, Mmboro the hornet who-stings-like-fire, and Mmoatia the fairy whom- men-never-see.”
Ananse bowed and answered: “I shall gladly pay the price.”
“Twe, twe, twe,” chuckled the Sky God. “How can a weak old man like you, so small, so small, so small, pay my price?”
But Ananse merely climbed down to earth to find the things that the Sky God demanded.
Ananse ran along the jungle path – yiridi, yiridi, yiridi – till he came to Osebo the leopard-of-the-terrible-teeth.
“Oho, Ananse,” said the leopard, “you are just in time to be my lunch.”
Ananse replied: “As for that, what will happen will happen. But first let us play the binding binding game.”
The leopard, who was fond of games, asked: “How is it played?”
“With vine creepers,” explained Ananse. “I will bind you by your foot and foot. Then I will untie you, and you can tie me up.”
“Very well,” growled the leopard, who planned to eat Ananse as soon as it was his turn to bind him.
So Ananse tied the leopard
by his foot
by his foot
by his foot
by his foot, with the vine creeper.
Then he said: “Now, Osebo, you are ready to meet the Sky God.” And he hung the tied leopard in a tree in the jungle.
Reprinted with the permission of Atheneum Books for Young Readers, an imprint of Simon & Schuster Children’s Pub- lishing Division from A STORY, A STORY by Gail E. Haley. Copyright © 1970 by Gail E. Haley.
Bang, Molly. The Paper Crane. New York: Greenwillow, 1987. (1985)
A man once owned a restaurant on a busy road. He loved to cook good food and he loved to serve it. He worked from morning until night, and he was happy.
But a new highway was built close by. Travelers drove straight from one place to another and no longer stopped at the restaurant. Many days went by when no guests came at all. The man became very poor, and had nothing to do but dust and polish his empty plates and tables.
One evening a stranger came into the restaurant. His clothes were old and worn, but he had an unusual, gentle man- ner.
Though he said he had not money to pay for food, the owner invited him to sit down. He cooked the best meal he could make and served him like a king. When the stranger had finished, he said to his host, “I cannot pay you with money, but I would like to thank you in my own way.”
He picked up a paper napkin from the table and folded it into the shape of a crane. “You have only to clap your hands,” he said, “and this bird will come to life and dance for you. Take it, and enjoy it while it is with you.” With these words the stranger left.
It happened just as the stranger had said. The owner had only to clap his hands and the paper crane became a living bird, flew down to the floor, and danced.
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Soon word of the dancing crane spread, and people came from far and near to see the magic bird perform.
The owner was happy again, for his restaurant was always full of guests. He cooked and served and had company from morning until night.
The weeks passed. And the months.
One evening a man came into the restaurant. His clothes were old and worn, but had an unusual, gentle manner. The owner knew him at once and was overjoyed.
The stranger, however, said nothing. He took a flute from his pocket, raised it to his lips, and began to play.
The crane flew down from its place on the shelf and danced as it had never danced before.
The stranger finished playing, lowered the flute from his lips, and returned it to his pocket. He climbed on the back of the crane, and they flew out of the door and away.
The restaurant still stands by the side of the road, and guests still come to eat the good food and hear the story of the gentle stranger and the magic crane made from a paper napkin. But neither the stranger nor the dancing crane has ever been seen again.
TEXT COPYRIGHT © 1985 BY MOLLY BANG. USED WITH PERMISSION OF GREENWILLOW BOOKS.
Young, Ed. Lon Po Po: A Red-Riding Hood Story from China. New York: Putnam, 1989. (1989)
“Po Po,” Shang shouted, but there was no answer.
“Po Po,” Tao shouted, but there was no answer.
“Po Po,” Paotze shouted. There was still no answer. The children climbed to the branches just above the wolf and saw that he was truly dead. Then they climbed down, went into the house, closed the door, locked the door with the latch and fell peacefully asleep.
On the next day their mother returned with baskets of food from their real Po Po, and the three sisters told her the story of the Po Po who had come.
Copyright © 1989 Ed Young. Reprinted with permission of McIntosh & Otis, Inc.
Garza, Carmen Lomas. Family Pictures. San Francisco: Children’s Book Press, 1990. (1990) From “The Fair in Reynosa”
My friends and I once went to a very big fair across the border in Reynosa, Mexico. The fair lasted a whole week. Artisans and entertainers came from all over Mexico. There were lots of booths with food and crafts. This is one little section where everybody is ordering and eating tacos.
I painted a father buying tacos and the rest of the family sitting down at the table. The little girl is the father’s favorite and that’s why she gets to tag along with him. I can always recognize little girls who are their fathers’ favorites.
From “Birthday Party”
That’s me hitting the piñata at my sixth birthday party. It was also my brother’s fourth birthday. My mother made a big birthday party for us and invited all kinds of friends, cousins and neighborhood kids.
You can’t see the piñata when you’re trying to hit it, because your eyes are covered with a handkerchief. My father is pulling the rope that makes the piñata go up and down. He will make sure that everybody has a chance to hit it at least once. Somebody will end up breaking it, and that’s when all the candies will fall out and all the kids will run and try to grab them.
Reprinted with permission of the publisher, Children’s Book Press. Excerpts from Family Pictures/Cuadros de Familia (© 1990, 2005) by Carmen Lomas Garza. All rights reserved.
Mora, Pat. Tomás and the Library Lady. Illustrated by Raúl Colón. New York: Knopf, 1997. (1997)
When they got hot, they sat under a tree with Papá Grande. “Tell us the story about the man in the forest,” said Tomás.
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Tomás liked to listen to Papá Grande tell stories in Spanish. Papá Grande was the best storyteller in the family.
“En un tiempo pasado,” Papá Grande began. “Once upon a time…on a windy night a man was riding a horse through a forest. The wind was howling, whoooooooo, and the leaves were blowing, whish, whish…
“All of a sudden something grabbed the man. He couldn’t move. He was too scared to look around. All night long he wanted to ride away. But he couldn’t.
“How the wind howled, whoooooooo. How the leaves blew. How his teeth chattered!
“Finally the sun came up. Slowly the man turned around. And who do you think was holding him?
Tomás smiled and said, “A thorny tree.”
Papá Grande laughed. “Tomás, you know all my stories,” he said. “There are many more in the library. You are big enough to go by yourself. Then you can teach us new stories.”
The next morning Tomás walked downtown. He looked at the big library. Its tall windows were like eyes glaring at him. Tomás walked all around the big building. He saw children coming out carrying books. Slowly he started climbing up, up the steps. He counted them to himself in Spanish. Uno, dos, tres, cuatro…His mouth felt full of cotton.
Tomás stood in front of the library doors. He pressed his nose against the glass and peeked in. The library was huge!
From TOMÁS AND THE LIBRARY LADY by Pat Mora, copyright © 1997 by Pat Mora, illustrations copyright © 1997 by Raúl Colón. Used by permission of Alfred A. Knopf, an imprint of Random House Children’s Books, a division of Ran- dom House, Inc. All rights reserved. Any additional use of this text, such as for classroom use or curriculum develop- ment, requires independent permission from Random House, Inc.
Henkes, Kevin. Kitten’s First Full Moon. New York: Greenwillow, 2004. (2004)
It was Kitten’s first full moon. When she saw it, she thought. There’s a little bowl of milk in the sky. And she wanted it.
So she closed her eyes and stretched her neck and opened her mouth and licked.
But Kitten only ended up with a bug on her tongue. Poor Kitten!
Still, there was the little bowl of milk, just waiting.
So she pulled herself together and wiggled her bottom and sprang from the top step of the porch.
But Kitten only tumbled— bumping her nose and banging her ear and pinching her tail. Poor Kitten!
Still, there was the little bowl of milk, just waiting.
So she chased it— down the sidewalk, through the garden, past the field, and by the pond. But Kitten never seemed to get closer. Poor Kitten!
Still, there was the little bowl of milk, just waiting.
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So she ran to the tallest tree she could find, and she climbed and climbed and climbed to the very top.
But Kitten still couldn’t reach the bowl of milk, and now she was scared. Poor Kitten! What could she do?
Then, in the pond, Kitten saw another bowl of milk. And it was bigger. What a night!
So she raced down the tree and raced through the grass
and raced to the edge of the pond. She leaped with all her might—
Poor Kitten! She was wet and sad and tired and hungry.
So she went back home—
and there was a great big bowl of milk on the porch,
just waiting for her.
Lucky Kitten! COPYRIGHT © 2004 BY KEVIN HENKES. Used by permission of HarperCollins Publishers.
Read-Aloud Poetry
Anonymous. “The Fox’s Foray.” The Oxford Nursery Rhyme Book. Edited by Peter and Iona Opie. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1955. (c1800, traditional)
A fox jumped out one winter’s night, And begged the moon to give him light. For he’d many miles to trot that night Before he reached his den O! Den O! Den O! For he’d many miles to trot that night before he reached his den O!
The first place he came to was a farmer’s yard, Where the ducks and the geese declared it hard That their nerves should be shaken and their rest so marred By a visit from Mr. Fox O! Fox O! Fox O!
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That their nerves should be shaken and their rest so marred By a visit from Mr. Fox O!
He took the grey goose by the neck, And swung him right across his back; The grey goose cried out, Quack, quack, quack, With his legs hanging dangling down O! Down O! Down O! The grey goose cried out, Quack, quack, quack, With his legs hanging dangling down O!
Old Mother Slipper Slopper jumped out of bed, And out of the window she popped her head: Oh, John, John, the grey goose is gone, And the fox is off to his den O! Den O! Den O! Oh, John, John, the grey goose is gone, And the fox is off to his den O!
John ran up to the top of the hill. And blew his whistle loud and shrill; Said the fox, That is very pretty music still – I’d rather be in my den O! Den O! Den O! Said the fox, That is very pretty music still – I’d rather be in my den O!
The fox went back to his hungry den, And his dear little foxes, eight, nine, ten; Quoth they, Good daddy, you must go there again, If you bring such god cheer from the farm O! Farm O! Farm O! Quoth they, Good daddy, you must go there again, If you bring such god cheer from the farm O!
The fox and his wife, without any strife, Said they never ate a better goose in all their life: They did very well without fork or knife, And the little ones chewed on the bones O! Bones O! Bones O! They did very well without fork or knife, And the little ones chewed on the bones O!
Langstaff, John. Over in the Meadow. Illustrated by Feodor Rojankovsky. Orlando: Houghton Mifflin, 1973. (c1800, traditional)
Over in the meadow in a new little hive Lived an old mother queen bee and her honeybees five. “Hum,” said the mother, “We hum,” said the five; So they hummed and were glad in their new little hive.
Over in the meadow in a dam built of sticks Lived an old mother beaver and her little beavers six. “Build,” said the mother, “We build,” said the six; So they built and were glad in the dam built of sticks.
Over in the meadow in the green wet bogs Lived an old mother froggie and her seven polliwogs. “Swim,” said the mother. “We swim,” said the ‘wogs; So they swam and were glad in the green wet bogs.
Over in the meadow as the day grew late Lived an old mother owl and her little owls eight.
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“Wink,” said the mother, “We wink,” said the eight; So they winked and were glad as the day grew late.
Excerpt from OVER IN THE MEADOW by John Langstaff. Text and music copyright © 1957, and renewed 1985 by John Langstaff. Used by Permission of Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. All rights reserved.
Lear, Edward. “The Owl and the Pussycat.” (1871)
The Owl and the Pussy-cat went to sea In a beautiful pea-green boat, They took some honey, and plenty of money, Wrapped up in a five-pound note. The Owl looked up to the stars above, And sang to a small guitar, ‘O lovely Pussy! O Pussy, my love, What a beautiful Pussy you are, You are, You are! What a beautiful Pussy are!’
Pussy said to the Owl, ‘You elegant fowl! How charmingly sweet you sing! O let us be married! Too long we have tarried: But what shall we do for a ring?’ They sailed away, for a year and a day, To the land where the Bong-tree grows And there in a wood a Piggy-wig stood With a ring at the end of his nose, His nose, His nose, With a ring at the end of his nose.
‘Dear Pig, are you willing to sell for one shilling Your ring?’ Said the Piggy, ‘I will.’ So they took it away, and were married next day By the turkey who lives on the hill. They dined on mince, and slices of quince, Which they ate with a runcible spoon; And hand in hand, on the edge of the sand, They danced by the light of the moon, The moon, The moon, They danced by the light of the moon.
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