Archimedes lab report

Physics Laboratory Manual Third Edition David H. Loyd Angelo State University Australia . Brazil . Canada . Mexico United Kingdom . United States . Singapore . Spain Physics Laboratory Manual, Third Edition David H. Loyd Publisher: David Harris Acquisitions Editor: Chris Hall Development Editor: Rebecca Heider Editorial Assistant: Shawn Vasquez Marketing Manager: Mark Santee Project Manager, Editorial Production: Belinda Krohmer Creative Director: Rob Hugel Art Director: John Walker Print Buyer: Rebecca Cross Permissions Editor: Roberta Broyer Production Service: ICC Macmillan Copy Editor: Ivan Weiss Cover Designer: Dare Porter Cover Image: (c) Visuals Unlimited/Corbis Cover Printer: West Group Compositor: ICC Macmillan Printer: West Group ª 2008, 2002. Thomson Brooks/Cole, a part of The Thomson Corporation. Thomson, the Star logo, and Brooks/Cole are trademarks used herein under license. Thomson Higher Education 10 Davis Drive Belmont, CA 94002-3098 USA ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. No part of this work covered by the copyright hereon may be reproduced or used in any form or by any means—graphic, electronic, or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, taping, web distribution, information storage and retrieval systems, or in any other manner—without the written permission of the publisher. Printed in the United States of America 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 11 10 09 08 07 Library of Congress Control Number: 2007925773 Student Edition: ISBN-13: 978-0-495-11452-9 ISBN-10: 0-495-11452-9 For more information about our products, contact us at: Thomson Learning Academic Resource Center 1-800-423-0563 For permission to use material from this text or product, submit a request online at http://www.thomsonrights.com. Any additional questions about permissions can be submitted by e-mail to thomsonrights@thomson.com. Contents For each laboratory listed below the symbol preceding the laboratory means that lab requires a calculation preceding the laboratory of the mean and standard deviation of some repeated measurement. The symbol means that the laboratory requires a linear least squares fit to two variables that are presumed to be linear. The symbol WWW preceding the laboratory indicates a computer-assisted laboratory available to purchasers of this manual at www.thomsonedu.com/physics/loyd Preface xi Acknowledgements xiii General Laboratory Information 1 Purpose of laboratory, measurement process, significant figures, accuracy and precision, systematic and random errors, mean and standard error, propagation of errors, linear least squares fits, percentage error and percentage difference, graphing L A B O R AT O R Y 1 Measurement of Length 13 Measurement of the dimensions of a laboratory table to illustrate experimental uncertainty, mean and standard error, propagation of errors L A B O R AT O R Y 2 Measurement of Density 23 Measurement of the density of several metal cylinders, use of vernier calipers, propagation of errors L A B O R ATO R Y 3 Force Table and Vector Addition of Forces 33 Experimental determination of forces using a force table, graphical and analytical theoretical solutions to the addition of forces L A B O R AT O R Y 4 Uniformly Accelerated Motion 43 Analysis of displacement versus (time)2 to determine acceleration, experimental value for acceleration due to gravity g WWW L A B O R AT O R Y 4A Uniformly Accelerated Motion Using a Photogate Measurement of velocity versus time using a photogate to determine acceleration for a cart on an inclined plane iii iv Contents L A B O R AT O R Y 5 Uniformly Accelerated Motion on the Air Table 53 Analysis to determine the average velocity, instantaneous velocity, acceleration of a puck on an air table,