Blade based technology is associated with the ________ paleolithic

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Question 12 pts

Studies have shown that UV radiation rapidly depletes ______, which plays a crucial role in neural tube development of the embryo.

carotene

vitamin C

melanin

folate

melanocytes

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Question 22 pts

According to lecture, thus far, the oldest skeletal evidence for anatomically modern Homo sapiens could be as old as:

125,000 years

1.8 million years

400,000 years

600,000 years

195,000 years

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Question 32 pts

This tool is an example of a __________ tool using ________. They are found with increased frequency during the ______.

compound; microliths; neolithic

integrated; microliths; mesolithic

compound; burian; neolithic

composite; microliths; mesolithic

composite; mousterian flakes; mesolithic

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Question 42 pts

A person raised in the Andean highlands has relatively larger lung volume than does a person raised in the lowlands. This difference is best explained by:

Physical adaptation

Physiological adaptation

Hormonal adaptation

Developmental acclimatization

Genetic acclimatization

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Question 52 pts

Which of the following are basic changes that mark the transition from Neolithic village life to life in the first urban centers? Choose all that apply:

diversification of food resources.

agricultural innovation.

diversification of labor.

central government.

social stratification.

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Question 62 pts

Which of the following are seen in the pattern of human evolution history? Choose all that apply.

Natural selection acting on anatomically modern Homo sapiens within the last 10,000 years

Evidence of an adaptive shift starting around 1.8 mya relating to changes in body size, subsistence patterns, and technology changes

A shift from extractive foraging to food production starting about 40,000 years ago

Several groups of hominins that are not directly in the modern human lineage (our evolutionary cousins)

Evolution of increased brain size then bipedal locomotion

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Question 72 pts

As discussed in class, genetic adaptations to environmental stresses are

seen only in nonhuman animals

long term microevolutionary changes within a population

always temporary

short-term evolutionary changes within an individual

the same as acclimatization responses

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Question 82 pts

Molecular information from Ust’-Ishim Man, an anatomically modern Homo sapiensfossil dated to 45,000 years ago shows about _________% admixture with Neandertals.

10

50

2

20

0

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Question 92 pts

Nonconcordant variation means:

traits vary between populations at the same rate

the presence of one trait can predict another

traits vary gradually between neighboring populations

traits vary between populations in a predictable pattern

traits vary between populations, but not at the same rate

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Question 102 pts

Primary innovation differs from secondary innovation because:

it involves modification of primary knowledge

it involves careful experimentation to create a new technique

it involves chance discovery of a new idea

it rarely leads to changes in technology

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Question 112 pts

Lactase persistence is a _________ that typifies __________ communities.

developmental adaptation; foraging

developmental acclimatization; pastoralist

genetic adaptation; pastoralist

genetic adaptation; agricultural

genetic adaptation; foraging

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Question 122 pts

In regards to hominin tool kits, a blade is defined as being:

made only out of obsidian

twice as wide as it is long

a tool that takes fewer steps to make than a flake tool

twice as long as it is wide

a tool that occurs in high frequency during the middle paleolithic

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Question 132 pts

Which is a term applied to an evolutionary process whereby humans modify, either intentionally or unintentionally, the genetic makeup of a population of plants or animals?

Transition

Revolution

Conversion

Modification

Domestication

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Question 142 pts

Many characteristics that have traditionally been used to define 'races' in human populations:

are polygenic.

are the product of Mendelian inheritance.

do not vary within groups.

can easily be altered

easily draw distinct boundaries between populations.

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Question 152 pts

Admixture is a term used by population geneticists to indicate:

the exchange of genetic information between different species

population separation due to behavioral boundaries

population separation due to geographic boundaries

the exchange of cultural information between populations that have been separated for a long time

the exchange of genetic information between populations that have been separated for a long time

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Question 162 pts

What is the benefit of an atlatl?

It is used for fishing.

It can be used as a drill

It is used for starting fires.

It is used to increase the force and distance of a spear throw.

It is a unique type of projectile point

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Question 172 pts

Bergmann’s rule

is based on the principle that heat is retained at the body surface

states that a linear body with long arms and legs is optimal for cold climates

states that bodies with increased mass or volume to surface area are optimal for cold climates

is based upon the principle that as arms increase in length, there is a corresponding increase in surface area

concerns the relationship between climate and shape and size of appendages

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Question 182 pts

According to the complete replacement model, the transition from premodern to modern Homo sapiens

only occurred once, in Africa

began about 200,000 years ago in Asia

occurred first in Europe

occurred in several regions of the Old World simultaneously

began about 10,000 years ago in Indonesia

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Question 192 pts

Which of the following is NOT a physiological acclimatization to thermal stress:

vasodilatation

vasoconstriction

sweating

increased hemoglobin production

shivering

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Question 202 pts

According to the Regional Continuity Model, ________ prevented local populations of pre-modern Homo sapiens from becoming separate species.

gene flow

displacement by African Homo sapiens

genetic drift

founder’s effect

mitochondrial DNA

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Question 212 pts

Ultraviolet radiation from the sun:

stimulates the production of a vitamin D precursor

causes mutations leading to darker skin

increases in northern latitudes

provides vitamin D

causes rickets

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Question 222 pts

The word civilization connotes refinement and progress, but in anthropology, the term refers to

central inhabited cities where transportation and communication hubs exist.

societies in which large numbers of people live in political systems that lack stratification.

societies in which small numbers of people live in socially stratified political systems.

the independence of people to do what they desire.

societies in which large numbers of people live in socially stratified political systems.

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Question 232 pts

The distribution pattern of Neandertal DNA in the Ust’-Ishim Man sample as compared to its distribution pattern in modern humans relates to:

crossover (recombination) during mitosis

there was no Neandertal DNA in Ust’-Ishim Man

sexual selection

the principle of independent assortment

crossover (recombination) during meiosis

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Question 242 pts

The potato, tomato, and peanut were all first domesticated in

North America

South America

Europe

Africa

Southwest Asia

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Question 252 pts

Who were the earliest Mesolithic people known to have stored plant food, as evidenced by basin-shaped depressions in the rocks found outside homes and plastered storage pits beneath the floors of the houses?

Cro-magnon

Babylonians

Natufians

Denisovans

Neandertals

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Question 262 pts

Based on the distribution of human genetic variation, if a global disaster killed everyone on the planet except those people living in Asia, ______% of human genetic variation would still be represented.

90

85

15

5

10

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Question 272 pts

Biological systems are balanced systems maintained by the interaction of physiological mechanisms that compensate for both external and internal changes. Such a balanced system is in

heterostasis

homeostasis

acclimatization

hypoxia

polystasis

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Question 282 pts

Blombos Cave is significant for accomplishments in art and technology that date to the ________________ but are similar to accomplishments dated to the __________________ in Europe.

Middle Paleolithic, Lower Paleolithic

Upper Paleolithic, Middle Paleolithic

Lower Paleolithic, Middle Paleolithic

Middle Paleolithic, Upper Paleolithic

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Question 292 pts

The question of whether modern humans and Neandertals interbred at some point

was settled about twenty years ago

was never an issue among paleoanthropologists

is far from settled

is established based on genetic evidence.

was called into question with the discoveries at Zhoukoudian

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Question 302 pts

All of the following are characteristics commonly associated with domesticated plants except:

development of simultaneous ripening

reduction of seed protective devices, such as husks

increased size

increase in natural seed dispersal mechanisms

loss of delayed seed germination

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Question 312 pts

The first hominin to spread to North and South America was______.

Homo erectus

Homo heidelbergensis

Homo sapiens

Neandertal

Homo habilis

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Question 322 pts

Which of the following best describes accelerated breathing for a non-native at high altitude?

Physical adaptation

Genetic adaptation

Hormonal adaptation

Developmental acclimatization

Physiological acclimatization

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Question 332 pts

Hypoxia

is the increased availability of oxygen

is the reduced availability of oxygen

is a problem for people living at sea level

occurs at higher altitudes because the atmosphere contains less oxygen than at sea level

exerts no stress on humans

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Question 342 pts

A polytypic species

is one composed of local populations that differ from one another with regard to the expression of one or more traits

is one that has very little phenotypic variability

is one composed of local populations that differ from one another with regard to the expression of no more than three traits

is composed of narrowly dispersed populations

has never been observed in nature

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Question 352 pts

Scholars attribute the earliest form of writing to__________.

health records for each of its citizens

recordkeeping of state affairs of economic activity

records of warfare accomplishments and titles

Preserving a written form of story-telling and a collection of cultural myths

codification of formal law for judiciary purposes

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Question 362 pts

The application of evolutionary principles to the study of human variation

allowed scientists to ignore the adaptive significance of most traits

reinforced traditional views of races as fixed biological entities that do not change

allowed scientists to divide the human species precisely into well-defined races

helped replace earlier views based solely on observed phenotypes

has been of little value for understanding human variation

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Question 372 pts

Indigenous Tibetan populations have a genetic adaptation to high altitude that:

increases production of hemoglobin

suppresses vasodilatation for oxygen delivery

suppresses the typical hypoxia response

increases the risk of pregnancy difficulties due to vascular supply issues

increases the typical developmental acclimatization response to high altitude

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Question 382 pts

Upper Paleolithic toolkits are characterized by all except:

bone tools

blades

regional specializations

bronze tools

burins

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Question 392 pts

The Skhûl site is in ____________. One important aspect of this region in regards to Late Pleistocene hominin evolution is _____________.

France, contemporaneous occupation by H. erectus and anatomically modern H. sapiens.

East Africa, contemporaneous occupation by Neandertals and anatomically modern H. sapiens.

Israel, contemporaneous occupation by Neandertals and anatomically modern H. sapiens.

France, contemporaneous occupation by Neandertals and anatomically modern H. sapiens.

Israel, contemporaneous occupation by H. erectus and anatomically modern H. sapiens.

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Question 402 pts

Which statement is NOT true about clinal variation:

traits with clinal variation have clearly defined geographic boarders

it explains similarities between neighboring populations

traits with clinal variation differ gradually between neighboring populations

human skin color is a trait with clinal variation

clinal variation refutes typological classifications of modern humans

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Question 4114 pts

Match the description/definition with the site/subsistence practice

Located in East Africa and dated to 160,000-154,000 ya; cranial remains with modern human traits; includes remains of a child

Located in South Africa and dated to 165,000 ya; evidence of microliths

cultivation of crops; uses simple hand tools

Located in East Africa and dated to 196,000-104,000 ya; cranial framents with features identified as modern human

Located in Central Africa and dated to 80,000 ya; hooks for fishing are found here

farming that involves large plots of land and/or extensive irrigation

Located in Southwest Asia and dated to ~110,000 ya; cranial remains considered to be modern human but have some Neandertal features;

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Question 422 pts

One of the effects of larger population sizes during the Neolithic is:

increase in subsistence variety

increase tooth wear

increase in infectious disease

decrease in craft specialization

decrease innovation in farming techniques

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Question 432 pts

Based on the genetic adaptations that have been found in modern human populations that have differing amounts of starch in their diet, what would you expect to find in a foraging population that utilizes taro roots and yams?

A majority of people will have at least 6 copies of the amylase gene in their genome

A majority of people will have only 3 copies of the amylase gene in their genome

There have been no genetic adaptations found to be associated with increased frequency of starch in the diet

A majority of people will have at least 6 copies of the lactase persistence gene in their genome

Older individuals will have more copies of the amylase gene than do younger individuals

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Question 442 pts

Consider a hypothetical human population with limited access to medical care. Which of the following diseases is likely to be affected by natural selection? Choose all that apply.

a heritable disease that kills affected individuals by the age of 10

a disease caused by environmental factors that kills some individuals by the age of 55. Some individuals have immunity to the effects of the disease.

a disease caused by environmental factors that kills some individuals by the age of 10. Some individuals have immunity to the effects of the disease.

a heritable disease that kills affected individuals by the age of 55

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