C228 task 2 epidemiological determinants

Task 2 C228

Britani Edwards

College of Health Professions, Western Governors University

Instructor Name

March 8th

Save a copy of your Completed Bentonville Report for submission. Instructions are found in the course of study (COS)

International Outbreak

A. Select a specific outbreak that has occurred within the last 50 years that included human to human transmission that crossed at least one international border.

• Influenza

• Measles

• Respiratory syndrome coronavirus (includes SARS, MERS, and COVID-19)

• Meningococcal disease

• HIV/AIDS

• Ebola virus

• Hepatitis B

• Hepatitis C

• Tuberculosis

• Zika virus

The task should be written in a narrative form.

B. Description of a chosen specific international outbreak

Includes:

· Name of the disease

· The countries involved (you need to link the outbreak to or from one country to another Country A to Country B)

· The date the outbreak was discovered (month/year)

· The date the disease reached each involved country (month/year)

A general example of a specific outbreak is the 2014 Ohio Amish measles outbreak brought to the state from the Philippines. (you can use this too). Once an outbreak is identified you can “Google” or “Google Scholar” to search for the information required in this section, using a reputable source.

B1. Epidemiological Determinants and Risk Factors

Analyze the EPIDEMIOLOGICAL DETERMINANTS and RISK FACTORS of this specific outbreak that you have presented in section B.

What are epidemiological determinants? A determinant is anything that increases disease frequency in a population. Risk Factors and Transmission are both epidemiological determinants. However, you should discuss other determinants relevant to your outbreak here such as infectivity (how easily it is spread?), virulence (how deadly is it?), mode of transmission (Vector? Contact? Aerosol?), climate considerations (i.e. does the vector survive arid or cold temperatures?), antigenic stability (i.e. Influenza) and any other appropriate variable.

Risk factors typically address the condition of the host (patient) and environment. Examples of risk factors would be age, occupation, immune-compromised status, unvaccinated status, lack of prior exposure to the disease, smoking, living in close quarters (i.e. military, prisons, college dormitories), vector exposure, etc. Analyze the epidemiological determinants of the specific outbreak. What is indicator? Was it related to lack of immunizations, travel outside the US, etc.? Why is it important? What does it tell us? Risk Factors and Transmission are both epidemiological determinants. However, you should discuss other determinants relevant for your outbreak here such as infectivity (how easily spread is it?), virulence (how deadly is it?), mode of transmission (Vector? Contact? Aerosol?), climate considerations (i.e. does the vector survive arid or cold temperatures?), antigenic stability (i.e. Influenza) and any other appropriate variable.

Discuss any RISK FACTORS involved. Risk factors typically address the condition of the host (patient) and environment. Examples of risk factors would be age, occupation, immune-compromised status, unvaccinated status, lack of prior exposure to the disease, smoking, living in close quarters (i.e. military, prisons, and college dormitories), vector exposure, etc.

B2. Route of Transmission

Discuss the national and international ROUTE OF TRANSMISSION of the disease causing the outbreak. Discuss how the disease was spread geographically. Was air travel to blame? Migration? More local travel? Other? And then explain where it went over time.

B3. Impact in My Community at a Systems Level

This is a hypothetical situation (your thoughts and opinions) of a what would happen at a systems level if the disease outbreak, worst case scenario, occurred in your community. How do you see it affect the community, assume the worst-case scenario (include the functioning of schools, local government, businesses, hospitals)? Including how would an outbreak would affect the economy, schools, healthcare facilities, transportation.

For example, predict the effect of an outbreak on the FUNCTIONING of your city/county. You will want to address additional things like hospital overflow, transportation issues, economic productivity, etc. The evaluator is looking for a “logical discussion” including what would be the effect on schools (would they need to close)? Would government offices need to close, etc.? Would the hospitals have the staff to care for an outbreak? Could they handle the individuals coming to the clinics or put others at risk? Would it burden or overtax the health system of the community, etc.?

B4. Reporting Protocol for an Outbreak in My Community

Refer to email course cohort, “Great in 28”.

Explain the REPORTING PROTOCOL if an outbreak of the selected disease were to occur in your community. Often there is state legislation dictating the reporting protocol (chain of command) related of communicable disease. You can “Google” the reporting protocol for your area and should find the chain of command. Also, what is the reporting protocol/chain of command at the facility you work at? This could provide the information needed to identify how to report a communicable disease.

This task tip may help, as a community health nurse, who would you report a new case to? What does your Public Health Department, local and state level, indicate for reporting communicable disease? Think about who should be notified and how? As stated above your state legislature should have laws for the reporting of communicable diseases when suspected or actual.

B5. Two Strategies to Prevent an Outbreak in My Community

Refer to email course cohort, “Great in 28”.

Discuss two strategies (e.g., patient education strategies, community education strategies) that you would recommend preventing an outbreak of the selected disease in your community. Provide a discussion with explanation on how the strategies would prevent an outbreak. Why do you recommend these as prevention strategies?

Perhaps avoiding the vectors, staying home when feeling ill, hand washing, covering mouth and nose when sneezing, information on vaccinations, and /or perhaps wearing a mask. Immunization clinics and/or incorporation of seasonal influenza vaccination movements at different levels, especially those who are at high risk. Does the community have a sufficient supply of anti-viral mediations, what could be used to treat the outbreak? Provide a discussion with explanation on how the strategies would prevent an outbreak. Why do you recommend these as prevention strategies?

C. Submit a PDF of your score summary from Bentonville that includes the following activities:

· Influenza in Bentonville

· Community Advocacy

· Emergency Responses

· Communicable Disease

Instructions on how to save the Bentonville PDF completion certificate can be found in the course cohort. I have also attached PDF saving instructions. The completion report is from the Bentonville simulation in module 14. Use Google Chrome to do this simulation.

References

Here is a link on how to create in-text citations and formatting references for different type of sources:

https://cm.wgu.edu/t5/Writing-Center-Knowledge-Base/Citing-Multiple-Works-with-the-Same-Author-and-Date/ta-p/2215

Here is the basic template for APA sources listed on the References page. For information about other types of resources like journal articles or WGU learning resources, see the Appendix to the Writing Center’s Guide to Academic Writing.

https://cm.wgu.edu/t5/Writing-Center-Knowledge-Base/How-to-Cite-Sources-The-Big-Four/ta-p/2199

Resources: For APA support:

· Use the APA checklist as a guide to accessing APA resources by topic. Use this checklist to help you with your revisions.

· Attend an APA Open Door session. These drop-in interactive sessions are offered each weekday and Sunday evening. Sign up through the APA Open Door form to attend as many APA Open Door sessions as you like!

· Writing Center Help Line: 1-877-435-7948 extension: 2967

Run the originality report:

Your submission must be your original work. No more than a combined total of 30% of the submission and no more than a 10% match to any one individual source can be directly quoted or closely paraphrased from sources, even if cited correctly. An originality report is provided when you submit your task that can be used as a guide.

For further information on running originality report: https://cm.wgu.edu/t5/Frequently-Asked-Questions/What-is-Unicheck/ta-p/5619#toc-hId-707108775